• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.443-453
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• 2012

This study examines visual perception and spatial satisfaction according to lighting conditions. Field measurements and surveys were performed in three rest space of university buildings where various lighting conditions were employed. Results indicate that overall impression of space improved when low color temperature, such as 3,000 K governed overall lighting environment and accent lighting was used for wall surfaces. Lighting conditions that kept uniform illuminance levels using area light sources containing fluorescent lamps with 6,500 K failed to keep favorable spatial satisfaction for space. High color temperature was not recommended for lighting in rest space. Asymmetrical illuminance levels formed by low color temperature such as 3000 K is recommended to keep positive mood and improve spatial satisfaction in rest space. Overall impression of the space was influenced by visual comfort, color temperature, spatial satisfaction and brightness. Spatial satisfaction for space was effectively impacted by psychological comfort, color temperature and overall impression for lighting conditions. Psychological comfort in space was influenced by color temperature, spatial satisfaction and visual annoyance from reflected light.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.191-196
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• 2021

In this paper, we implemented an image sensor module possible of detecting color temperature in an indoor environment. The color temperature information in the video information acquired by the image sensor was matched with a color difference illuminometer to produce an LUT. An algorithm was developed so that color temperature information according to the received RGB values can be automatically calculated. As a result of measuring the color temperature with an image sensor indoors, an accurate result of less than 5.91% was obtained compared to the reference value. It was confirmed that the uniformity of 23.5% or more was excellent compared to the color temperature measurement result using a color sensor.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.716-727
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• 2005

Comprehensive measurements for velocity and temperature fields have been conducted. A Micro PIV 2-color LIF system have been setup to measure the buoyancy driven fields in a 1-mm heated channel with low Grashof-Prandtl numbers [$86]. Fluorescence microscopy is combined with an MPIV system to obtain enough intensity images and clear pictures from nano-scale fluorescence particles. The spatial resolution of the Micro PIV system is $75{\mu}m\;by\;67{\mu}m$ and error due to Brownian motion is estimated $1.05\%$. Temperature measurements have achieved the $4.7\;{\mu}m$ spatial resolution with relatively large data uncertainties the present experiment. The measurement uncertainties have been decreased down to less than ${\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ when measurement resolution is equivalent to $76\;{\mu}m$. Measured velocity and temperature fields will be compared with numerical results to examine the feasibility of development as a diagnostic technique.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of interior design elements on the satisfaction and preference for space. Field measurements and surveys were conducted in three coffeeshops where various interior design elements were applied. Results indicate that movable tables and chairs for two people were preferred in the space. They need to be placed flexibly according to the visitors' needs to improve satisfaction for convenience. To improve spatial satisfaction, the brightness of color applied to wall surfaces was recommended to be lower than that of color used for floor surfaces. The surfaces of space and interior design elements such as furniture also need to be kept clean. Lamps with lower color temperature were effective to enhance spatial satisfaction. Light sources should be shielded when a pendant lighting system with general diffuse type was used in space. Natural daylight through window was also required for better satisfaction level. Multiple linear regression implied that the cozy feeling by electric light, existence of daylight, flexible layouts for tables and chairs, color and quality of material for tables and floor were significant contributors to overall spatial satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Optical characteristics including the view angle and color temperature uniformity of LED packages with an integrated lens fabricated by compression molding method are investigated according to lens shape, lens materials, and phosphor coating methods. Four types of lens shape are designed and their optical output power dependence on the refractive index of silicone encapsulant are evaluated. Also, spatial color temperature uniformities of packages fabricated with different phosphor coating methods-direct coating on a chip vs. uniformly mixed with silicone encapsulant- are compared at various view angles. As the result, it is found that phosphor coating method is more effective on color temperature uniformity than lens shape. The maximum color temperature difference of a package with direct coating of phosphor on a chip is 1,340K according to the view angle at the color temperature of 5,000K, and that of a package with uniformly mixed phosphor is 250K, which indicates 1,090K improvement of color uniformity for the latter case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to analyze the quantitative ecological principal components of Korean Peninsula using the multivariate spatial environmental datasets and to compare the ecological difference between South and North Korea. Ecological maps with GIS(Geographical Information System) are constructed by PCA(Principal Component Analysis) based on seventeen raster(cell based) variables at 1km resolution. Ecological differences between South and North Korea are extracted by Factor Analysis using ecosystem maps masked from Korean ones. Spatial data include SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), Temperature, Precipitation, SWC(Soil Water Content), fPAR(Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) representing for a productivity, and SR(Solar Radiation), which all cover Korean peninsula. When it performed PCA, the first three scores were assigned to red, green, and blue color. This color triplet indicates the relative mixture of the seventeen environmental conditions inside each ecological region. The first red one represents for 'physiographic conditions' worked by high elevation and solar radiation and low temperature. The second green one stands for 'seasonality' caused by seasonal variations of temperature, precipitation, and productivity. The third blue one means 'wetness condition' worked by high value such as precipitation and soil water contents. FA extraction shows that South Korea has relatively warm and humid ecosystem affected by high temperature, precipitation, and soil water contents whereas North Korea has relatively cold and dry ecosystem due to the high elevation, low temperature and precipitation. Results would be useful at environmental planning on inaccessible land of North Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.334-343
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• 1997

Reference white in color television receiver can be achieved by adjusting the RGB gun current ratio and it is necessary to provide additional gain ratio adjustment for the RGB video signal. Generally, the gun current density profile has a gaussian distribution and the gain-bandwidth product of RGB channel amplifieris constant. Therefore brightness and spatial resolution are changed with variations in reference white of receiver. In this paper, the effect of RGB gun current and channel gain ratios on brightness and resolution of CPT is analyzed. Brightness is increased with the color temperature of referenc white because of Helmholtz-kohlrausch effect. The change in ligh output is more abrupt and spatial resolution is improved with unity current ratio. For more bright and improved ressolution we also present the range of color temperature of reference white for P22 phosphors.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic guidelines of spatial and physical environment for the planning and design of clinical laboratory by analysing the extent of satisfaction of clinical laboratory scientists. The data for this analysis was gathered from March to May 2005 by the questionnaires of 208 clinical laboratory scientists who work in the 13 hospitals. All the collected data was analyzed by the SPSSWIN program. In this study, the satisfaction measurement tool was composed with 8 items and 5 score scale. The mean score of satisfaction for spatial and physical environment was 2.89 out of 5.0, "noise" was the lowest 2.40, "temperature and moisture of the lab." was 2.72, "lab. area, service area and administration area" was 2.77, "passageway space" was 2.94, circulation of workers was 2.94, "color of finish" was 3.19, "lighting of lab." was the highest 3.39. In conclusion, various factors, noise, temperature and moisture, clinical lab area, were evaluated to moderate dissatisfaction. Noise was especially the first serious problem in clinical lab. Considering the high growth of the number of tests, the planning of the clinical laboratory size should be considered not only to provide the optimal size but how it will correspond to the growth of the number of tests. Therefore the arrangement of each section need to be flexible in arrangement which is inevitable in expansion and reconstruction in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.655-655
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• 2002

Spatial distribution of phytoplankton pigment concentration (PPC) and sea surface temperature (SST) around the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) was described, using both ocean color images and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) images. Water mass in this region can be classified into five categories in the horizontal profile of PPC and SST, nLw(normalized water-leaving radiance) images: (1) coastal cold water region associated with concentrations of dissolved organic material or yellow colored substances and suspended sediments, (2) cold water region of thermal frontal occurred by a combination of phytoplankton absorption and suspended materials, (3) warm water overlay region by the phytoplankton absorption than the suspended materials; (4) warm water region occurred by the low phytoplankton absorption, and (5) offshore region occurred by the high phytoplankton absorption. In particular, the highest PPC area appeared in the ocean color and SST images with a band shaped distribution of the thermal front and ocean color front region, which is located the coastal cold waters along western thermal front of the warm streamer of the EKWC.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.134-137
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• 2010

An LED sensor luminaire for visual function improvement necessitates the control algorithm for light level adjustment and the appropriate lens design. The control algorithm adapts to surround lighting condition, and thus has the advantages of energy saving and glare reduction. The multi-cell lens design improves color temperature uniformity and spatial light distribution of the luminaire. Experimental and simulated results show that this approach contributes noticeably to energy saving and color temperature uniformity of the LED sensor luminaire.