• 지역연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-57
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• 1996

Intra-metropolitan spatial segmentation of the labor marker requires barriers of mobility on both supply and demand side of the local labor marker. The phenomena of spatial segmentation of the labor market are particularly applied to the secondary workers rather than to the primary workers. Supply side barriers include the costs of obtaining job information regarding jobs outside of the immediate area, commuting costs, and barriers to residential mobility. Demand side barriers include site-specific technology and product demand, and discrimination. In this paper, I discuss these barriers and examine their implications for differences in segmentation by demographic and skill groups at the intra-metropolitan scale. In particular, I apply a job search model to examine supply side barriers such as information and commuting costs, and an implicit contract model to explain demand side barriers such as dual/internal labor market and firms' (re) location strategies.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

Recently damage of structures and loss of life by terrorism are internationally increasing. Among these terror that have a possibility to can happen in korea and that can caused lot of human life loss is the vehicle terror. To prevent the vehicle terror, the anti-ram barriers are needed. But domestic standard about anti-ram barriers are not clear. So, in this study, we will utilize and analyze the vehicle impact to evaluate the efficiency of the domestic bollard and suggest the installation standard of those. In Korea, granite, elastic, steel and stainless bollard are used. The performance of those bollard is not available. Elastic bollard couldn't stop the vehicle, and the others just could stop the vehicle only at the speed under 10kph. Therefore, set the variable to reinforce, and evaluate the defence efficiency of bollard. As a result, granite and elastic bollard was not suitable for the anti-ram barriers. Performance of steel bollard increased as thickness grew. So steel bollard should must be thicker than 10T. And the concrete compressive strength effected insignificantly on the defence efficiency, so more than 24MPa compressive concrete be used. Performance of stainless bollard increased as thickness grew. So stainless bollard should must be thicker than 13T.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the main problems of spatial modernization of the economy, and to develop new approaches to way out from crisis, to accelerate of innovations process from the cities-centers to the underdeveloped regions. Research design, data, methodology - The application of scientific methods in this research will allow to systematize the available data, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. The study employs the method of ranking regions, the rate of innovation activity and comparative evaluation of R&D indicator. In addition, the authors proposed the method of modeling of innovation diffusion in the regions. Results - This study confirms that the need help for the underdeveloped regions, but we should clearly understand the limits of opportunities and to choose the right mechanisms. Further, this study shows it's important to maintain the regions with high innovation activity, as they are growth poles, which are play the role of translator's innovations to the periphery. Conclusions - According to the results of this theoretical and empirical study proved that modernization of the economy is realized faster in the regions with the best conditions for the diffusion of innovations, the higher the concentration of the population, a more developed infrastructure and reduced of administrative barriers.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

세계 여러나라들은 자국의 업체와 소비자 보호를 목적으로 다양한 인증제도를 운영하고 있으며, 이는 상대국으로 하여금 무역장벽으로 작용하고 있다. 또한, 기존에 시행되고 있는 KS, KCC등 품질인증 관련 제도가 공간정보 분야의 특성을 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 품질 인증제도와 사례분석을 통하여 공간정보 기기 품질인증(안)을 마련하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 첫째, 공간정보 기기 품질인증에 필요한 기본개념을 정립하였고 둘째, 공간정보 기기의 품질인증 범위와 내용 및 절차를 세부항목으로 분류하여 설정하였으며, 마지막으로 국내외 유사인증제도의 특성과 비교하여 실증적인 품질인증제도 도입을 위한 기본방향을 제시하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.213-236
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• 2015

For high-speed railways (HSR) in wind prone regions, wind barriers are often installed on bridges to ensure the running safety of trains. This paper analyzes the effect of wind barriers on the running safety of a high-speed train to cross winds when it passes on a bridge. Two simply-supported (S-S) PC bridges in China, one with 32 m box beams and the other with 16 m trough beams, are selected to perform the dynamic analyses. The bridges are modeled by 3-D finite elements and each vehicle in a train by a multi-rigid-body system connected with suspension springs and dashpots. The wind excitations on the train vehicles and the bridges are numerically simulated, using the static tri-component coefficients obtained from a wind tunnel test, taking into account the effects of wind barriers, train speed and the spatial correlation with wind forces on the deck. The whole histories of a train passing over the two bridges under strong cross winds are simulated and compared, considering variations of wind velocities, train speeds and without or with wind barriers. The threshold curves of wind velocity for train running safety on the two bridges are compared, from which the windbreak effect of the wind barrier are evaluated, based on which a beam structure with better performance is recommended.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.700-717
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• 2012

이 글은 동일본대지진 피해지의 부흥계획 속에서 제기된 공간쟁점을 분석하여, 그 현황과 전망을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히 지진해일 피해를 입은 시가지 재생에 초점을 두고, 지방도시가 지닌 지역개발의 과제가 이번 진재를 통해 어떻게 전개되는지 고찰하였다. 연구지역에서는 고밀도 도시, 어촌의 집약화, 지속가능한 도시 담론이 재해부흥을 위한 이상적인 방안으로 등장하였다. 그러나 현실적 한계로 인해 공간재편은 장벽에 부딪쳤으며, 재건이 늦어지면서 지역에서는 공동화 현상이 심각해지고 있다. 이는 재해 이후 거의 필연적으로 발생하는 지역의 쇠퇴를 방지하기 위해서, 응급 복구뿐 아니라 장기적인 부흥을 시야에 넣고 재해연구의 영역이 확대될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.835-839
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• 2012

도심의 교통량의 증가와 더불어 급증하는 교통소음의 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 도로변 지역에 방음벽의 설치가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 여러 형태의 방음벽 설치되었고, 그 형태와 재질에 따라방음성능, 시야확보측면, 유지관리 등에서 장단점이 존재한다. 최근 꾸준하게 적용되고 있는 반사형 투명형 방음벽의 경우, 시야를 확보할 수 있고 외관이 우수하지만 반사음의 영향을 고려해야 하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 방음벽 전면 형상에 의한 반사음의 영향을 분석하여 반사형 방음벽을 최적화하여 반사음의 영향을 최소화 하고자 하였다. 방음벽 전면에 두께가 다른 블록을 설치하고 일반 반사형 방음벽의 소음 반사 효과와 비교한 결과, 일반 반사형 투명 방음벽에 비하여 0.9~1.5 dB(A)의 소음저감 효과가 있었다. 또한 반사음이 증가 또는 감소하는 공간적 영역이 블록의 두께에 따라 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 현상은 방음벽 전면 형상에 따라 소음의 집중 및 확산분포가 다양하게 변화하는 것을 나타내며 방음벽을 최적화하는 기술의 가능성을 보여주는 결과라고 판단 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2022

Spatial insight into intracranial pathology and structure is important for neurosurgeons to perform safe and successful surgeries. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the medical field has made it possible to produce intuitive models that can help with spatial perception. Recent advances in 3D-printed disease models have removed barriers to entering the clinical field and medical market, such as precision and texture reality, speed of production, and cost. The 3D-printed disease model is now ready to be actively applied to daily clinical practice in neurosurgical planning, simulation, and training. In this review, the development of 3D-printed neurosurgical disease models and their application are summarized and discussed.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

In this paper, the organic material Poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA is used with inorganic $Al_2O_3$ to fabricate organic-inorganic multilayer barrier thin films. The organic thin films are developed using a roll-to-roll electrohydrodynamic atomization system, whereas the inorganic are grown using a roll-to-roll low-temperature atmospheric pressure atomic layer deposition system. For the first time, these two technologies are used together to develop organic-inorganic multilayer barrier thin films in atmospheric condition. The films are grown under optimized parameters and classified into three classes based on the layer structures, when the total thickness of the barrier is maintained at ~ 160 nm. All classes of barriers show good morphological, optical and chemical properties. The $Al_2O_3$ films with a low average arithmetic roughness of 1.58 nm conceal the non-uniformity and irregularities in PMMA thin films with a roughness of 5.20 nm. All classes of barriers show a notably good optical transmission of ~ 85 %. The hybrid organic-inorganic barriers show water vapor and oxygen permeation in the range of ${\sim}3.2{\times}10^{-2}g/m^2/day$ and $0.015cc/m^2/day$ at $23^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity. It has been confirmed that it can be mass-produced and used as a low-cost barrier thin film in various printing electronic devices.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2012

The demand on design for human diversity is increasing in the field of spatial design. This study evaluated the spatial environment of G elementary school in point of universal design. The study was carried out by the observing and measuring method and the survey method. It focused on 53 universal design related items which consisted of 5 principles; accessibility, supportiveness, adaptiveness, safety, and equality. The subjects for the survey were 170 students from first to sixth grade of G elementary school. Findings were as follows ; 1) The elementary school had many barriers for the wheelchair users to use. 2) The width of door and passage between desks, and the front and back space in classroom were not wide to pass through. Also, the students responded that the size of desk, chair, and individual locker was not enough. That is, Some items of accessibility and supportiveness were not met in classrooms. 3) Most items related to restroom were evaluated negatively by the students. 4) The dining tables were arranged monotonously in a rows. This emphasized the institutional mood. 5) Some evaluations to their school environment were significantly different by their gender and grade.