• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2004

This paper addresses solutions th the challenges of carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution and cycle slip detection/identification, for maintaining high accuracy of an integrated GPS/Pseudolite/INS system. Such a hybrid positioning and navigation system is an augmentation of standard GPS/INS systems in localized areas. To achieve the goal of high accuracy, the carrier phase measurements with correctly estimated integer ambiguities must be utilized to update the system integration filter's states. The contribution presents an effective approach to increase the reliability and speed of integer ambiguity resolution through using pseudolite and INS measurements, with special emphasis on reducing the ambiguity search space. In addition, an algorithm which can effectively detect and correct the cycle slips is described as well. The algorithm utilizes additional position information provided by the INS, and applies a statistical technique known as th cumulative-sun (CUSUM) test that is very sensitive to abrupt changes of mean values. Results of simulation studies and field tests indicate that the algorithms are performed pretty well, so that the accuracy and performance of the integrated system can be maintained, even if cycle slips exist in the raw GPS measurements.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2008

공간정보를 전달하고 이해하는 과정에서 여러 가지 원인으로 의사소통의 불일치가 발생한다. 이 연구의 목적은 '맞은편' 이라는 공간언어를 통해 공간언어가 갖고 있는 의미의 모호성이 사람들 간 의사소통 문제를 일으키는 하나의 원인이 된다는 점을 실험을 통해서 증명하는 것이다. 단순화된 '사거리'를 활용하는 평가도구를 통해 실험 참가자들이 생각하는 '맞은편'은 어디이며, 그 방향이 맞은편을 얼마나 정확하게 의미하는지를 조사하였다. 본 실험은 대부분의 실험 참가자들이 한 방향 이상을 '맞은편'으로 적절하다고 판단하고 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 결과는 '맞은편' 이라는 용어가 갖고 있는 의미의 모호성을 증명하는 것이다. 대부분의 실험 참가자들은 준거로 주어진 정사각형 건물의 수직과 수평 방향을 고르게 '맞은편'으로 고려하는 경향을 보였다. 준거가 되는 건물의 형태 변화, 준거가 되는 건물에 내재적 방향성 부여 등도 '맞은편' 의 방향을 결정하는데 의미 있는 영향을 주는 것으로 드러났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2015

Sou Fujimoto is well known as the 3rd Japanese architect to participate in the Serpentine Pavilion project, especially youngest of all architects. His projects seem very experimental yet inviting, modern yet comforting and these feeling may be resulted in his metaphor of 'Forest' that is very often mentioned in his writings which originally comes from his personal experience of the city and nature. The purpose of this paper is to understand the Fujimoto's metaphor of 'Forest' and design language he uses to express this very idea. The researchers have analyzed Fujimoto's writings and interviews in order to understand his general design ideas and process, then extracted wordings describing 'Forest' in his works. Four main concepts were found and categorized as follows: blurring territorial boundaries, proliferation of parts, manipulating spatial relationships, and ambiguity in function. Then two or three projects were selected and analyzed in each category to understand design methods used. The results show that Fujimoto enjoys using gradation of density to blur territorial boundaries in order to express ambiguous outline of forest, and fractal reproductions in proliferation of parts to uses express wavering whole and modifying angles in manipulating spatial relationships to show hidden order.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 Korea-Russia Joint Conference on Geometics
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• pp.82-94
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• 2004

This paper addresses solutions to the challenges of carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution and cycle slip detection/identification, for maintaining high accuracy of an integrated GPS/Pseudolite/INS system. Such a hybrid positioning and navigation system is an augmentation of standard GPS/INS systems in localized areas. To achieve the goal of high accuracy, the carrier phase measurements with correctly estimated integer ambiguities must be utilized to update the system integration filter's states. The occurrence of a cycle slip that is undetected is, however, can significantly degrade the filter's performance. This contribution presents an effective approach to increase the reliability and speed of integer ambiguity resolution through using pseudolite and INS measurements, with special emphasis on reducing the ambiguity search space. In addition, an algorithm which can effectively detect and correct the cycle slips is described as well. The algorithm utilizes additional position information provided by the INS, and applies a statistical technique known as the cumulative-sum (CUSUM) test that is very sensitive to abrupt changes of mean values. Results of simulation studies and field tests indicate that the algorithms are performed pretty well, so that the accuracy and performance of the integrated system can be maintained, even if cycle slips exist in the raw GPS measurements.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2009

In general, Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical blind source separation technique, used either in spatial or temporal domain. The spatial or temporal ICAs are designed to extract maximally independent sources in respective domains. The underlying sources for spatiotemporal data (sequence of images) can not always be guaranteed to be independent, therefore spatial ICA extracts the maximally independent spatial sources, deteriorating the temporal sources and vice versa. For such data types, spatiotemporal ICA tries to create a balance by simultaneous optimization in both the domains. However, the spatiotemporal ICA suffers the problem of source ambiguity. Recently, constrained ICA (c-ICA) has been proposed which incorporates a priori information to extract the desired source. In this study, we have extended the c-ICA for better analysis of spatiotemporal data. The proposed algorithm, i.e., constrained spatiotemporal ICA (constrained st-ICA), tries to find the desired independent sources in spatial and temporal domains with no source ambiguity. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested against the conventional spatial and temporal ICAs using simulated data. Furthermore, its performance for the real spatiotemporal data, functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI), is compared with the SPM (conventional fMRI data analysis tool). The functional maps obtained with the proposed algorithm reveal more activity as compared to SPM.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the one-step least squares method based on the squared differences to estimate the parameters of the variogram used for spatial data modelling, and discuss its asymptotic efficiency. The proposed method does not require to specify lags of interest and partition lags, so that we can delete the subjectiveness and ambiguity originated from the lag selection in estimating spatial dependence.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.12-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to look for an environmental design method based on open narrative structure, and to promote various experiences and interpretations of space through user's engagements. That is to say, the designer does not lead specific events through separate Boning but using the continuous open composition users are provided with margins for their imaginations. Spatial formulation through open narrative structure gives us various thoughts and it plays an important role in making a sequential space. Like an abstract painting, it is a complex story making or arranging a montage of images containing stories that elicit the reader's engagement through diverse interpretations. Like this, open composition exists in an ambiguous state and it is possible to interpret unfinished‘evolving work’within it. Utilizing open narrative structure, this study attempts to apply the idea of sequencing and open composition in the case of designing Arirang Culture Park. Open composition should induce various engagements by users and could be a medium which organically connects nature, culture and people. The spatial strategies of‘ambiguity’ and‘transparency’are like a bundle of complex and heterogeneous factors. Finally, the study focuses on the ‘integration’of the main ideas that compose multilayered space. ‘Voidness’and‘thickening’are also used for spatial strategies in open narrative structure. As alternative plans for undecided programs of the space, the voidness can be a strategic design program with flexibility about changes of futures. Also, thickening can be a strategic design program for functional reinforcement of the space, for the dramatic effects and for the generation of incidental events. Although both voidness and thickening seem paradoxical, we can see they are similar in the way that both focus on various spatial uses and by how they do not function as one-to-one correspondence, but as multiple correspondences. Therefore, open narrative structure is possible to apply in designing space and it can be an alternative design strategy for inducing multiple interpretations of space.

• 복식
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• 제33권
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• pp.157-173
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• 1997

The Mannerism which was born on Italy in 16th century was the critical trend of art influencing the political economical and psychological trends and was the first mo-dality which respected the individual sense of artist. The cultural situation of that time es-pecially the alienation of men is similar to the pluralism of value the coexistency of conflict the acceptance of heterogeneity and uncer-tainty I modern century. This paper analysed the pattern of change in the trend of Mannerism in modern costume by comparing current trend from the past focus-ing th fact that the over-all situation in this century is similar to that of Mannerism in 16th century. In this paper the author suggests the Defor-mation Ambiguity and Irreglarity as the character of manneristic trend which has re-solved the sense of alienation of men by paradoxic expression. The results of comparing the characteristic of mannerism to the modern costume is followd; 1. The Deformation in modern costume is grossly subdivided to the transfrmation of morphology the transformation of scale and the breakdown of equilibrium 2. The ambiguity in the modern costume can be subdivided to the eclecticistic expression and the ambiguity of spatial concept(between inner and outer garments). 3. The illogiclities in modern costume are the technique of illusion structural illogicality and the collage technique.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 1995

Ultrasonic Doppler systems for the purpose of estimating blood flow velocity, blood flow volume, and flow imaging are commonly used due to advantages of non-invasive and real time observation. Specially, the technical developments of color flow mapping (2-D Doppler) systems have made a relatively rapid progress. However, the 2-D Doppler systems have several problems, such as the range ambiguity, low signal to noise ratio, and slow frame rate. The slow frame rate problem is resolved by using the spatial average which is a method to acquire more data samples for mean frequency estimation. In this paper, spatial average method using the 2nd order sampling instead of quadrature sampling is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed methods have good performance and easy application to the color flow mapping system.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.177-190
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• 2015

This study investigates the difference of the cognitive approach of Korean and Chines of the space direction that modern Chinese space phrase 'N+shang'. For this, we defined the spatial meaning of the noun 'N' and space noun 'shang' then investigate the conditions when 'N+shang' means 'the substance interior direction' and 'the substance exterior direction'. Also via 'lou+shang', we conducted the survey to Korean and Chinese students in order to see the what kind of cognitive differences be shown when they approach and translate the space direction of 'N+shang' structure. As a result of the survey, we were able to find cultural difference of spatial approach of 'N+shang' between these two countries, Korean select the cognitive inference path; from the substance external direction to internal direction while Chinese select from internal to external.