• 자원환경지질
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.171-182
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• 1973

동남(東南) Spain의 지중해(地中海) 연안(沿岸)에 위치(位置)한 Albudeite 지형적(地形的)으로 잘 표현(表現)된 Miocene의 marl 및 석회암층(石灰岩層)과 이를 덮는 Pliocene 및 Ouaternary의 다양(多樣)한 퇴적층(堆積層)이 잘 노출(露出)되어 복잡(複雜)한 분포(分布)를 보이고 있다. 즉(卽) 본지역(本地域)의 중앙부(中央部)를 서(西)에서 동(東)으로 흐르는 Mula강(江)을 사이에 두고 북부(北部)에는 NE 및 NW계(系)의 단층운동(斷層運動)에 의(依)해 이루어진 경근지괴(傾勤地塊)로서의 Upper Miocene의 marl과 석회암(石灰岩) 협층(挾層)으로 된 tableland가 연(軟)한 marl층(層)을 덮는 굳은 아어란상(亞魚卵狀)~아쇄설성(亞碎屑性) 석회암층(石灰岩層)의 capping effect에 의(依)하여 이루어져 있고 지역남부(地域南部)에는 이 tableland의 지표면(地表面)(석회암(石灰岩) cap)과 거의 동사적(同斜的)인 bevelled cuesta가 연(軟)한 marl과 굳은 석회암(石灰岩)(아쇄설성(亞碎屑性) 합(合) Ostracod) 또는 사질암(砂質岩) 협층(挾層)의 차별침식(差別侵飾)에 의(依)하여 이루어져 있어 이들을 지형적(地形的)으로 돌출(突出)된 양(兩) 석회암층(石灰岩層)을 Key bed로 하여 Upper Miocene을 다시 하부(下部), 중부(中部) 및 상부(上部)를 삼분(三分)하였다. 남부(南部) Cuesta의 scarp slope에 이루어진 격심(激甚)한 양곡측면(兩谷側面)과 북부(北部) tablelanl의 남측(南側) footslope에 급재(級在)하는 퇴화구준(退化丘俊)의 침식측면등(侵蝕側面等)에 노출(露出)되는 marl과 이를 덮는 colluvium, alluvium 또는 capped gravel과의 복잡(複雜)한 boundary tracing에 있어서와 또한 Mula강(江) 유역(流域)에 상봉(相逢)한 고도(高度)로 분포(分布)되는 일련(一連)의 단구상(段丘狀) 충적층등(沖積層等)에 대(對)한 층서(層序) 수립(樹立)과 mapping에 있어서는 이들에 대(對)한 지형(地形) 발달사적(發達史的) 이해(理解)와 항공사진해석의 적용(適用)이 매우 효과적이어서 임존지질천(臨存地質踐)에는 Mula강(江)의 channel에 따르는 협장(挾長)한 사기층(四紀層)을 제외(除外)하고는 Upper Miocene (M3) 일색(一色)으로 되어 있었으나 이번 시도(試圖)에 의(依)하여 총(總)9개(個)의 층서적(層序的) 단위(單位)로 세분(細分)하여 mapping할 수가 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2009

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a promising source of functional food, which contains several phytochemicals that perform important roles in reducing the risk of pathological diseases. Chemical compositions, such as the total sugar, uronic acid, polyphenols, and anthocyanin contents, and radical scavenging activity were determined and compared among PEs from six different cultivation areas. Total anthocyanin contents (TAC) and total polyphenol contents (TPC) from various growing areas were detected in the following order, respectively: Spain (19.08 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Turkey (12.91 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-A (6.67 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Taiwan (4.77 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Uzbekistan (1.88 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-B (0.76 ${\mu}g$/mL) and Turkey (639.52 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Uzbekistan (502.19 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Spain (306.40 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-B (249.20 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Taiwan (162.78 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-A (143.93 ${\mu}g$/mL). PEs from six different cultivation areas were determined to vary in ellagic acid content from 8.90 ${\mu}g$/mL to 332.52 ${\mu}g$/mL. The amounts of total sugars in PE from Iran-A evidenced relatively high total sugar contents, but low uronic acid levels (11.92 mg/mL). DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities were as follows: Turkey> Uzbekistan $\gg$ Spain> Iran-B> Iran-A> Taiwan. ABTS [2,20-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activities were detected in the following order: Turkey$\geq$ Uzbekistan$\gg$ Spain> Iran-B> Iran-A> Taiwan. These results indicate that the PEs from Turkey with higher levels of TPC, TAC, ellagic acid, and higher radical scavenging activity may constitute a promising functional source for the prevention of several degenerative diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2001

Phage typing is currently used for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains beyond the species level in epidemiological studies. A total of 168 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from chicken meat and chicken by-products were phage-typed using the international bacteriophage set for typing Staphylococcus aureus of human origin. One hundred and forty-eight (88.79%) strains were phage-typeable (at least one phage produced 20 or more plaques of lysis). Lysis by phages of group Ⅲ was the mast frequent with 99 (58.93%) sensitive strains. This fact coincides with results of other authors. Twenty-nine different phage patterns were observed and three (95, 75/84 and 6/1030/W57) were most common. One hundred and thirty-two (89.19% of typeable strains) skewed these or indistinguishable (only one phage reaction difference) patterns. Twenty-six out of seventy chicken samples (37.14%) harboured more than one phage type of Staphylococcus aureus. This fact emphasizes the convenience of subtyping several Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the same sample in epidemiological studies. 80% of sausages and hamburgers contained the same Staphylococcus aureus phage types, which wore not found in any of the other food types. This fact suggests a cross contamination during the processing of these foods. Phages 6, 75, 84, 1030 and W57 skewed the greatest activity. None of the Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to phages 47, 81 and 94.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.45-66
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• 2017

Although the main objective of Free Trade Agreements (FTA) is market integration among member countries, there are limited studies supporting this impact. Our study explores whether FTA has enhanced market integration between South Korea and its FTA partners, focusing on South Korea's fishery product import market. We investigate two research questions concerning FTA impacts: first, whether trade costs declined when South Korea imported fishery products from its FTA partners after the FTA; second, if the speed of the convergence of South Korea-its FTA partners'price differential of imported fishery products on trade costs result to occur more quickly after the FTA. To determine these outcomes, we utilize a Threshold Autoregressive Model covering the sample periods from January 2002 to April 2017. Our findings demonstrate the effects of FTA on market integration are different among FTA partners. FTA has enhanced the market integration between South Korea and Norway, Vietnam, and Spain, respectively, but not for others. Therefore, we find positive evidence of FTA on fishery import market integration between South Korea and Norway, Vietnam and Spain, respectively.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to proposes a conceptual framework to segment multi-national products based on a Chinese consumer's perception of multi-national products, to find the role of consumer ethnocentrism (CET) in country of origin (COO) effects for Chinese, and to figure out how different dimension of CET Effects on purchase intention developed market and home country. Research design, data and methodology - This study selected a 2×2×2 factorial design for the hypothesis test based on the product category × combination of manufactured type × Ethnocentrism level. This study distinguishes products between luxury (Burberry) and non-luxury (Nike) products and choose combination of manufactured type (Spain vs India/ Spain vs China) in order to perform comparative studies. A total of 223 Chinese participated in the experiment. After being exposed to each scenario, participants were asked to respond to questions about brand preference and purchase intention Results - Regarding to luxury made in developed country, it is worth that exposing COO information to low level of ethnocentrism consumers. Regarding to non-luxury product made in emerging country, it makes it worse when COO information to high level of ethnocentrism consumers. Lastly, regarding to non-luxury product, patriotic consumers prefer to purchase product made in home country.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of ancient Korean books around the world, and to study the process and impact of Myongsimbogam's distribution to East Asia and Europe. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted literature research as its research method. The scope of research covers Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Spain, Germany and Russia. Results: Ancient Korean books were distributed through the Kwanpan and Banggakbon, and leaked overseas in historical circumstances. Myongsimbogam was distributed to Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Spain, France, Germany, and Russia. Myongsimbogam was the first ancient book to be translated into Western languages. Conclusions: The distribution of Myongsimbogam promoted the exchange of spiritual civilizations in the East and West, and became the basis for maintaining an individual philosophy, as well as social order. Therefore, the distribution of Myongsimbogam needs to be further expanded. For this, it is necessary to translate Myongsimbogam into English and popularize it through e-books, audio books and various lectures. While previous studies on Myongsimbogam have mainly focused on personality and moral education, this study is significant in that it examines the distribution and dissemination process of Myongsimbogam, its influence and significance.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.700-707
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• 2005

The human being continued the processing of improvement for well being life according to scientific results The other hand, All the seaman life take the rest and sleep in ship's office and living room. In this case, many crew took the pain of back spain or deposit the his fatigue, This will be decrease the productivity owing to crew's back spain or fatigue etc. In this study researched the problem of ship's bed mattress and the principle of Well being air mattress in technical standard etc. Specially decreased some kinds of bacillus, germ and many kinds of bacteria by using of tourmaline which emitted the far red light and negative ion from surface of the mattress. We developed and applied the ship's Well being air mattress to off shore and various kind of ship by International Labour Organization convention 192.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2013

Purpose - The aim of this work is to study the reorientation that the export industrial sectors in Costa Rica have experienced during the last 20 years. Research design, data, methodology - The study employs the Cluster Analysis with the export data (20 years of cut-off period) from Costa Rica to the U.S-market. To make the predictions, the technique of the time series was used, with official data (from 2001 to 2010) from the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission. Results - The Cluster Analysis, show how the economic sectors of traditional products exports of Costa Rica have progressively become in exporters of non-traditional products, meanwhile,the time series confirms that this trend will continue, at least during the next five years. Conclusions - The industry of traditional products exports of Costa Rica (dressmaking, vegetables, coffee, mate, species, etc.) will progressively become in exporters of non- traditional products with a high-tech component (i.e., mechanical equipment and devices, electronic devices and medical equipment),as a consequence of the Chinese (Costa Rica's main competitor) economy's presence in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE). This fact has enabled the potential improvement of Costa Rica's international competitiveness in the U.S. market.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

This study investigates and analyzes Catholic cultural traits in Gaudi's architectural designs on the assumption that the cultural identity of Spain has been built heavily on Catholic cultural tradition. Through examining thoroughly six residential buildings Gaudi designed, Catholic cultural traits were found in their interior ornaments, space formation, and expression of form. This study shows, first, that by making good use of interior ornaments, Gaudi sought to Catholic cultural uniformity among buildings that have different cultural characteristics. Second, with regard to space formation, he tended to build a chapel or an oratory inside structures which encouraged residents to worship in their home. Also, as for expression of form, his designs, expressing Catholic cultural features in various ways, succeeded to form visual uniformity among buildings and structures with a variety of styles. Lastly, by using properly Catholic cultural elements explained above and making those traits easily recognized even from a long distance, his architectural works represent very well the importance of Catholic culture as a foundation of Spain culture.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2022

Spain is Europe's second-largest country with total throughput reaching 16.7 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) by 2020. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the efficiency of 17 container terminals. As a study method, the DEA-CCR model, undesirable variable, and Malmquist Index (MI) were used for data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study results are as follow: (1) DEA-CCR is used to evaluate basic efficiency. The most efficient terminals are decision-making units DMU 1 (APM Terminals (Algeciras Port)), DMU 2 (Total Terminal International Algeciras (Algeciras Port)) and DMU 5 (Barcelona Europe South Terminal (Barcelona Port)). (2) Undesirable DEA was conducted to suggest inefficiency from the undesirable output. Overall, the efficiency scores were reduced. However, DMU 1, DMU 2, and DMU 5 maintained efficiency scores regardless of the finish factor. (3) Malmquist Index was used to observe technology and efficiency changes dynamically. The changes in TCI affected Spanish container terminals more than the Technical Efficiency Change Index (TECI) in 2018-2019. However, in 2019-2020, the TECI was 2.706, higher than the TCI value, indicating that the change in TECI had more influence on the increase in productivity. This study offers a broader understanding of Spanish container terminals.