• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.171-183
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• 2007

Urban transport demand is derived from activity participation. A variety of individual daily activities based on the decisions on activity participation result in collective spatial behavior. The travel derived from the effort to overcome the spatially distributed locations of adjacent activities represents the detailed structural relationships among activities. An activity-based approach provides an important framework of analyzing contemporary urban daily life in the sense that it studies the interaction between individuals' daily decision making and social practice in time and space, on the one hand, and socio-spatial environment on the other. The current study identifies representative patterns of urban daily activity implementations and analyzes the correlation between representative patterns and individuals' characteristics and contextual characteristics. The study shows that urban daily activity patterns can be grouped in a limited number of representative patterns, which are systematically correlated with socio-spatial characteristics. The results provide related transportation policy implications.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.156-164
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• 2018

This study analyzed the characteristics of Physical Environment of existing free shuttle bus Interior centered on elderly people who frequently use free shuttle buses. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data that can be used for improvement of existing free shuttle buses. In the case of the old type, in terms of accessible design, the middle entrance is not normally opened except the wheelchair occupant, so that the entrance of the front wheel is always used. Therefore, most elderly people go to the back seat and travel distance is twice longer. In addition, many stairs caused frequent inconveniences for boarding. In the case of the new type, it is planned to be a low-floor type, and various types of safety rods and handles, pictograms for enhancing the information convenience are well-equipped, and the measured value of the overall design characteristic is high. However, in the case of mental stability, it was confirmed that the seat of the bus is colored with a cold color system and is in a different relationship with the warm color which can feel mental stability. Overall, both old and new shuttle buses lack audiovisual feedback on bus routes and route guidance in terms of Supportive design. Also, since the cleaning tools and other miscellaneous items were left in the room, it became an obstacle to space utilization in terms of adaptable design. In terms of safety, both shuttle buses did not come into view with fire extinguishers shaded by miscellaneous items. Therefore, immediate action is unlikely in case of emergency. This problem should be resolved quickly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2008

As a fundamental input to the travel demand forecasting, OD has been always a concern in obtaining the accurate link traffic volume. Numerous methods were applied thus far without a complete success. Some existing OD estimation techniques generally extract regular samples and expand those sample into population. These methods, however, leaves some to be desired in terms of accuracy. To complement such problems, research on estimating OD using additional information such as link traffic volume as well as sample link use rate have been accomplished. In this paper, a new approach for estimating static origin-destination (OD) using probe vehicle has been proposed. More specifically, this paper tried to search an effective sample rate which varies over time and space. In a sample test network study, the traffic volume error rate of each link was set as objective function in solving the problem. As a key result the MAE (mean absolute error) between expanded OD and actual OD was identified as about 5.28%. The developed methodology could be applied with similar cases. Some limitations and future research agenda have also been discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.599-617
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• 2006

A network model and a Genetic Algorithm(GA) is proposed to solve the simultaneous estimation of the trip distribution and traffic assignment from traffic counts in the congested networks in a logit-based Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). The model is formulated as a problem of minimizing the non-linear objective functions with the linear constraints. In the model, the flow-conservation constraints of the network are utilized to restrict the solution space and to force the link flows meet the traffic counts. The objective of the model is to minimize the discrepancies between the link flows satisfying the constraints of flow-conservation, trip production from origin, trip attraction to destination and traffic counts at observed links and the link flows estimated through the traffic assignment using the path flow estimator in the legit-based SUE. In the proposed GA, a chromosome is defined as a vector representing a set of Origin-Destination Matrix (ODM), link flows and travel-cost coefficient. Each chromosome is evaluated from the corresponding discrepancy, and the population of the chromosome is evolved by the concurrent simplex crossover and random mutation. To maintain the feasibility of solutions, a bounded vector shipment is applied during the crossover and mutation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.88-99
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• 2018

In Korea, there is no clear regulation about right of way (ROW) for personal mobility device (PMD). So it is now illegal to use PMD in a space other than roadway. PMD has an advantage of being able to travel a long distance to move on foot with a relatively high speed, so it seems to spread widely in the near future. In this study, we'd like to establish the permission criteria for PMD in sidewalk, with the performance factors of the PMD. We review the cases of ROW of PMD in some foreign countries, and the performance standards for similar products that are currently allowed to use in the sidewalk or used in the sidewalk. Based on the maintenance standards for the sidewalk, we establish criteria to select the PMD moving means that can be used in sidewalk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.318-323
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• 2013

For fast and accurate motion of 6-axis articulated robot, more noble motion control strategy is needed. In general, the movement strategy of industrial robots can be divided into two kinds, PTP (Point to Point) and CP (Continuous Path). Recently, industrial robots which should be co-worked with machine tools are increasingly needed for performing various jobs, as well as simple handling or welding. Therefore, in order to cope with high-speed handling of the cooperation of industrial robots with machine tools or other devices, CP should be implemented so as to reduce vibration and noise, as well as decreasing operation time. This paper will realize CP motion (especially joint-linear) blending in 3-dimensional space for a 6-axis articulated (lab-manufactured) robot (called as "RS2") by using LabVIEW$^{(R)}$ (6) programming, based on a parametric interpolation. Another small contribution of this paper is the proposal of motion blending simulation technique based on Recurdyn$^{(R)}$ V7 and Solidworks$^{(R)}$, in order to figure out whether the joint-linear blending motion can generate the stable motion of robot in the sense of velocity magnitude at the end-effector of robot or not. In order to evaluate the performance of joint-linear motion blending, simple PTP (i.e., linear-linear) is also physically implemented on RS2. The implementation results of joint-linear motion blending and PTP are compared in terms of vibration magnitude and travel time by using the vibration testing equipment of Medallion of Zonic$^{(R)}$. It can be confirmed verified that the vibration peak of joint-linear motion blending has been reduced to 1/10, compared to that of PTP.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-82
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• 2011

Based on travel literatures written by the Joseon literati, the different picture of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Buseok monastery from the one today emerges. Not only do the buildings removed from the monastery today reappear, but the quite different way of the monastic operation comes to light. This observation leads to a speculation that the monastery was functionally and spatially divided into two territories; that of the Immeasurable life hall and of the Dharma hall. The Immeasurable life hall's precinct was built at the site open to the west providing a grand vista of mountainous area. This siting, originally having a close relation with the visualization such as the Sixteen contemplation, not simply gave such a special attraction that the first built architectural composition has lasted through the centuries to the late Joseon, but also granted to the Chwiweon pavilion located at the western side of the precinct a special meditative quality. As the monastery has suffered from a number of heavy duties in the Joseon period, the architectural attraction of the precinct was mobilized to promote the monastic identity as the legitimate monastery first built by Uisang, the founder of Hwaeom Buddhsim. Especially, the Chwiweon pavilion offered a mental space so that the literati might form an affirmative attitude toward the monastery and the monks. The Dharma hall's precinct was built based on the direct replication of the architectural layout presented in liturgy books for the Water and Land rite as well as the Vulture Peak rite. This layout is generally called the Court-type enclosed by four buildings, which has been widely fashioned in the late Joseon period. This characteristic gave to the Dharma hall precinct an arbitrary and anonymous quality, which helped not only avoid the tourism of the literati, but also secure the sacrality and ritual efficacy at occasions of Buddhist rites. This division of territories of the monastery can be understood as the strategic reaction from the monks in order to survive in the age of oppression against Buddhism. In result, the identity of Buseok monastery in the late Joseon was established as the Nine-rank sanctuary where Bodhisattvas permanently resided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This study aims to develop a mainline metering strategy considering queue imbalance among lanes that can reduce congestion at a toll plaza section by managing queue caused by mainline metering. The suggested strategy considers simultaneously optimizing the number of cars in merging area and managing queue by lane. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the strategy with respect to the average travel time and the occurrence rate of spillback using the PARAMICS. The results show that the suggested strategy has an effect on reducing congestion and improving operation efficiency at toll plaza. In particular, the congestion become more intensified when the length of waiting space is shorter; however, this study shows that the suggested strategy can relieve the congestion in that condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

In most of the urbanized cities, socio-economic attributes tend to cluster as patterns of similarity in space, namely spatial autocorrelation, by agglomeration forces. The classical linear regression model, the most frequently adopted in the trip generation step, cannot sufficiently represent this effect. In order to take into account the effect properly, we need a model which adequately deals with the spatial dependence patterns. In this study, the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model is adopted as an alternative method for the local analysis of relationships in multivariate data sets; that is GWR extends this traditional regression framework by estimating local rather than global parameters. This study shows the existence of spatial effects in the production and attraction of home base/non-home based trips through the GWR model using travel data collected in Daegu metropolitan area. Furthermore, LISA is employed to verify the fact that the local spatial autocorrelation exists.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.183-193
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• 2009

Air pollution due to vehicle exhaust gas is considered to be a main contributor to the issues of transportation & environment. Furthermore it is raising concern over life quality and public health and is also perceived as a global issue. This research aims at providing helping hands for both central and local governments to set up and promote efficient atmospheric quality improvement policies, with the help of the travel demand forecasting model and GIS. More specifically, it tries to produce the overall emission level with time and space-based high resolution framework. This research, based on bottom-up approach reflecting vehicular traffic characteristics, suggested an improved approach to estimating emission level, by using a traffic model with a total of vehicular mileage revised by surveyed value and atmosphere model. Summing up, using the method proposed, the improvement of the reliability of the emissions inventory from the mobile pollutions sources is expected by the proposed integrated paradigm of transportation and atmosphere modeling approach as a new alternative.