• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Raymond, who adopted Le Corbusier's Errazuris House Project, built Karuizawa Villa by incorporating Japan's aspiration for Western modern architecture and strong convictions regarding the preservation of traditional culture heritage, which were prevalent in Japan at the time. Despite the controversy over his plagiarism, Karuizawa Villa shows several unique architectural characteristics. First, in terms of the arrangement and access system, the villa has a common space that affords a view of the lake by accessing from the mountain side. Second, in terms of spatial composition, the common space is connected to the mesonnette by placing a trail to enable enjoyment of natural scenery. In particular, personal space is planned in the shape of a cross by connecting several surfaces to the outside in order to secure enjoyment of the natural environment. Lastly, in the aspect of structure and materials, both architectural buildings adopted masonry by using natural stone as well as building materials suitable for each region and climate by using logs in constructing the main columns and beams. Through Karuizawa Villa, Raymond is considered to have established his own style by combining the standard of Western modern architecture and the elements of Japanese traditional architecture while valuing local architectural technology.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2024

Purpose: The Hybrid care environment, combining interventional procedures and surgeries in one space, is crucial for managing complex diseases, responding to emergencies, and reducing recovery times and pain. This study provides foundational data for creating architectural guidelines for a Hybrid Operating Unit in a general hospital's surgical department, focusing on cardiovascular care. Methods: The study analyzed the spatial and configuration types of the Vascular Angiography Unit and the Cardiac Operating Unit, which are the basic components of the Hybrid Operating Unit, through a literature review. Based on the initial research findings, interviews with experts were conducted. Results: In the Hybrid Operating Process, the study proposed spatial configuration alternatives that consider the positioning of medical staff and the types and arrangement changes of equipment, including Angiography, Heart-lung machines, and other surgical tools and instruments. Implications: The integration of the two units leads to increased diversity and demand for medical staff, equipment, and supplies during surgical and interventional procedures. Therefore, strategic spatial configurations and equipment placement are necessary to effectively respond to these needs.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.5-34
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the unique contrasting landscape characteristics of imperial tombs of Qing dynasty by examining the characteristics of facility layout in which location, Feng shui, and siblings are harmonized with the 12 Qing Dynasty Hwanggyeongchim. Through literature surveys, field observation and interviews, videos and drawing comparison, and inductive contrast analysis, the contrasting landscape characteristics of imperial tombs in the Qing Dynasty were analyzed by classifying them into natural environment, location, Feng shui, and formal esthetics. As a result, the characteristics of the location type and the layout plan of the Qing dynasty imperial tombs were derived from the analysis of Feng shui shape, axis extension distance along the midaxial line, the width of the ridge, the formality of the facility layout according to the difference between the height of the starting point and the end point, the leftward direction of the tomb, and the space ratio of the 'entry space' - 'ritual space' - 'burial mound space', etc. In addition, it was possible to derive the facility arrangement characteristics of tombstones through the analysis of the types and the arrangement order of tombs facilities, as well as the distribution, quantity and types of stone figures, while also revealing some contrasting characteristics different from those of the Ming Dynasty. In addition, it was confirmed that the spatial division effect through the water system and the view effect of the view from the midaxial line and the vista are the representative view effect found in the Qing Dynasty imperial tombs along with the density contrast.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

As the country's elderly people who are 65 years or older recently exceeded 10% of the total population with development of medical technology and improvement of living standards, Korea has turned into an aging society. Especially in Gyeonggi-do, as of late December 2012, elderly people who were 65 years or older were 1,135,242 persons, taking up 18.98% of the region's population and registering the largest number of elderly people in the nation's cities or provinces. Due to such a sharp rise in elderly population, support for the elderly is increasing the burden on families and communities. The study aims to take as its subjects elderly people staying at authorized elderly welfare facilities, who are weak in mind and body and have difficulty in daily life with disabilities, or adult day care facilities that take care of elderly people during the day or at night, examine the concept of adult day care facilities and instances in foreign countries, and study the status of the adult day care facilities located in Gyeonggi-do, their services, and safety by figuring out space arrangement based on program implementation. Spacial arrangement in program operation should satisfy fuction and purpose from the manager and user's perspective, and a desirable program operation should provide separate spaces for the elderly with Alzheimer's and those without Alzheimer's. Compared to residential care facilities, adult day care facilities incur less financial burden and, compared to other authorized services, have many right functions that can upgrade the quality of users and satisfy their desires. Major countries like Japan, the UK, and Sweden recognize the right functions of day and night care services and aggressively support and utilize adult day care facilities. For adult day care facilities, quality services should be developed and use and choices should be enhanced as regards services. Development of special programs for the elderly with dementia and stroke, instead of simple protective functions of a program, must be actively promoted, while manpower training is required for program operation, conveniences, and safety. By developing and providing space arrangement models that focus on efficiency, convenience, and safety of program operation, adult day care operation can be revitalized, while quality of elderly care may be enhanced and welfare budget can be saved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.49-63
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• 2010

This study focused on the method of separation - space organization- as one of the architectural methods that is considered by the view point of its location and arrangement of 'Byoul-seo' private garden pavilion in Honam province. As a result, the followings are conclusions; By this study, they can be found in the concept of '居敬窮理', '格物致知'. It is presumed that nature union is archived through the 'yan-sang(玩賞)' which is ultimate state of knowledge that is based on the premises of opened significance in emancipation from narrow view point in the past and cognition of value. Therefore, it is needed to know the unworldly point of space perception about the pavilion territory, furthermore to have conceptual method to distinct pavilion from the world. there are two methods in the distinct concept in this pavilion research: unworldly separation and meditative separation. It is concluded that the specific consideration of the method of separation that is applied in the Byoul-seo pavilion. And it is accomplished by the contemplation of separation method in approach and entrance of direct influence area. they could be 1) cross the hill, 2) cross over a brook, 3) lifted up in the mount, 4) penetrate the forest, and 5) narrow entrance, which could be part of location.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2020

This study derives the characteristics of the private external space planning in multi-family housing through the analysis of the good case built after 2000 in Europe. First, the cases were categorized into block or block perimeter, linear and point type to examine the relationship between the type of building in urban context and the location of private external space. By block or block perimeter and linear type, private external spaces are planned in the inner courtyards or open space between buildings used as common space for residents, inducing communications between neighbors. And the direction of private external space depends on the arrangement of the building mass in urban context. In the classification as point type, there are many cases, where private external spaces are arranged in all directions, connected almost all interior spaces. Second, based on the above results, the planned characteristics of the private external space are derived by dividing it into three categories: intermediated space between inside and outside, intermediate space between private and public /individual and collective space and the identity of the intermediate space. (1) In most cases, direction, size of enclosed area and location of private extern space is designed to fit the surrounding context, so residents can perceive as much of the assets of the surrounding environment as possible, and it can be used as an extended area of living space. In another cases, it is divided into various sub-areas to experience the spatial transition from inside to outside or vice versa. 2) The private external space, which is placed in a courtyard or in a collective open space, is partially enclosed and blocked, allowing interaction with the neighbors without pressure. Along the street, they are designed to allow residents to experience the vitality of the city and to be formative element of the facade, which could confidently reveal the lifestyle and taste of residents. 3) By some of point types, which facade is three-demensional layer as a habitable external space, the private external space is very flexible for use. This intermediate space is composed of diverse spaces for various needs, or it has generous size with positional conditions connected with all interior spaces to be used multi-functional.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2018

A public library is changing into a place where people can freely acquire and make use of information in digital environment with the basic ideology of publicity. In spite of such changes, multimedia center is still biased with the function of computer room to use PC and is not used actively by many users. This study can be summarized and concluded as follows and spatial characteristics of digital data room of public library can make use of space planning elements by aspects as an analysis tool. First, designed characteristics focusing too much on the possession of seats for reading digital data. Therefore, spatial planning for users to choose necessary facilities according to the data they wish to read and type of users is needed. Second, interior tone of multimedia center is applied with identical color for all floors, walls, and ceilings, to create sense of unification. However, due to the arrangement of similar colors, while using identical brightness and chroma, some users felt difficult to realize shape or depth in space. It is more appropriate to apply distinctive color plan according to the characteristic of the data or space region, in order to create pleasant digital environment for visually weaker people or elderly. Third, psychological or technical factors of multimedia center is not sufficiently applied in space planning elements for users. In order for various digital service of public library to be technically implemented, it is necessary to organize open space by expanding the size of multimedia center to utilize high-tech facilities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.40-51
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to quantitatively deduce the circulation efficiency and space arrangements of the outpatient department in geriatric hospitals in terms of spatial structure and to find a methodology that could promote the improvement of accessibility and spatial cognition while using the facilities. All space units of the selected twelve geriatric hospitals were located on the first floor. The study adopted the psychological distance concept of space syntax to the unitized spaces, and presented a set of indices, such as TD, PN, RF, PNT and TRF. These indices were calculated according to the standard clinical use procedures. The study evaluated the effectiveness of circulation. The analysis of circulation was based on the four major geriatric illnesses that were selected in this study. The study established the standard clinical use procedure with consideration of the medical treatment, examinations and space units of outpatient departments. The results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical data, four major geriatric illnesses are examined, and space requirement and standard procedures are established. Development indicators are applied in order to quantitatively deduce the efficiency of spatial cognition. 2) The percentage of the risk of cognitive decline(TRF) has an inversely proportional correlation to the circulation efficiency(PNT) at a certain point. TRF is more influenced by the clinical use procedure than the scale. 3) The arrangement of the waiting space and types of corridor greatly affect the percentage of the risk of cognitive decline. 4) Vulnerable facilities are selected on the basis of the evaluation, and two alternatives that could promote the circulation efficiency are presented. The result of the reanalysis showed that cognitive efficiency had much improved compared to the existing facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

This study aims to identify variables (dependent and independent variables) by plane type and area, focusing on the R.C structure planes which were applied to the National Rental Housing Complexes during the 1970-80s; and to investigate differences in residential space compositions depending on the interrelationship between the variables. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, an independent variable which had the most influence on the residential space composition was found to be stairs. As dependent variables, bedroom, livingroom, and kitchen showed difference in spatial arrangements. Second, in the case of the front entry type, one-sided arrangements were the most common for the 3L+D.K composition, because livingroom was arranged near the stairs, Disadvantages were: (1) the spatial division of each room was not efficient; and (2) the use of room space was low due to long access to each room. Third, in the case of the rear entry type, no problem was found in arranging bedrooms on the front side. By arranging livingroom as a common space area, the distance of approachability to each room was found to be short and the use of space was excellent. However, disadvantages were: (1) stability was lacking; and (2) privacy was low. Fourth, depending on the location of the stairs, an interaction between bedrooms and the connectivity between livingroom and kitchen were found. Accordingly, there were differences in the size and arrangement of space by plane type.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.160-168
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• 2015

The subject of this research is to analyze the design characteristics of outdoor spaces in Good Design awarded apartment complexes in the past decade. The results are as follows. First, the overall outdoor space design theme, one of the conceptual elements, is focused on both 'nature' and 'story of various subject' that are similar to each other. Second, the case study object with the visual openness, which is secured between apartment blocks, is shown frequently in case box-shaped apartment blocks are arranged in a row. However, in case of Y-shaped block arrangement, the visual openness secured within an apartment complex is considered more important. Third, according to the result of circulation/ inner path element, the most frequently appeared inner path form is a grid pattern with straight path emphasis. While apartment complexes with the parking lot on the ground are only 3 out of 18 cases, it with circulation path for vehicle on the ground level are over 61%. Fourthly, the design characteristic of social space of physical outdoor design appears to be 'central link facility type'. In this case, the central community facilities are more likely to be combined with various functions, such as green, water, and social connection. Fifthly, in case of natural space, most of the apartment cases are shown over 45% green area ratio with wide green and water space provision. Especially, the differentiation is to provide the space where can stimulate a resident's participation.