• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.288-288
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• 2017

The seeds of soybean (Glycine max) were treated with different storage temperature for this study. The seeds of 3 accessions of soybean varieties in aluminum foil pack were used as materials. Storage temperature applied were $-18^{\circ}C$ and room temperature and seed banking (input after 3 days from output) frequencies were every 1, 6, and 12 month respectively for 9 years of storage period. As results seed banking frequency no affected to germination rate and seed moisture contents at $-18^{\circ}C$ storage room for seeds of soybean after 9 years. Germination rate of soybean seeds was changed from 96.2 % to 95.6 % averagely after 9 years of freezing ($-18^{\circ}C$) storage period. There were no differences in decreasing rate by number of seed banking frequency in soybean seeds. On the other hand, at room temperature germination rate of soybean seeds was decreased from 96.2 % to 27.3 % after 9 years which was decreased sharply to 55 % of initial viability after 6 years. The average rate of annual decrease of germination rate in soybean seeds was 38 % of initial viability at room temperature. Initial moisture contents of soybean seeds were 7.3 % and changed to 7.1 % at $-18^{\circ}C$ while it changed from 7.4 % to 7.0 % at room temperature after 9 years of storage period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2017

Soybean is an important economical resource of protein and oil for human and animals. The genetic basis of seed protein and oil content has been separately characterized in soybean. However, the genetic relationship between seed protein and oil content remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used a combined analysis of phenotypic correlation and linkage mapping to dissect the relationship between seed protein and oil content. A $F_{10:11}$ RIL population containing 222 lines, derived from the cross between two Korean soybean cultivars Seadanbaek as female and Neulchan as male parent, were used in this experiment. Soybean seed analyzed were harvested in three different experimental environments. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 180K SoyaSNP Chip and QTLs of both traits were analyzed using the software QTL IciMapping. QTL analyses for seed protein and oil content were conducted by composite interval mapping across a genome wide genetic map. This study detected four major QTL for oil content located in chromosome 10, 13, 15 and 16 that explained 13.2-19.8% of the phenotypic variation. In addition, 3 major QTL for protein content were detected in chromosome 10, 11 and 16 that explained 40.8~53.2% of the phenotypic variation. A major QTLs was found to be associated with both seed protein and oil content. A major QTL were mapped to soybean chromosomes 16, which were designated qHPO16. These loci have not been previously reported. Our results reveal a signi cant genetic relationship between seed protein and oil fi content traits. The markers linked closely to these major QTLs may be used for selection of soybean varieties with improved seed protein and oil content.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.216-220
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• 2002

Seed decay of soybean caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum, Colletotrichum truncatum and Cercospora kikuchii is a serious disease when soybean is harvested under warm and wet weather conditions. Benomyl has been used for controlling the disease, however, benomyl application may be limited due to common occurrence of resistance. The efficacy of 21 fungicides against the pathogens was evaluated in vitro. Among the fungicides tested, benomyl, carbendazim, fluazinam, iprodione+propineb, thiophanate-methyl, and triflumizole were found effective and were evaluated for their ability to control the seed pathogens. Fluazinam completely inhibited mycelial growth at a concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ for D. phaseolorum; and at a concentration of 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ for C. truncatum and C. kikuchii. $EC_90$ values of fluazinam were similar to that of benomyl. Because fluazinam, iprodione+propineb, and triflumizole were found effective against the seed pathogens, these were subjected for field-testing. Suppression of pod and seed infection by fluazinam and iprodione+propineb was as high as that of benomyl without any reduction in agronomic characters of soybean. This study shows that fluazinam and iprodione+propineb may be used in combination with benomyl to control seed pathogens, manage resistance, and ensure production of high quality soybean seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

From the evaluation of physical properties such as springiness, gumminess, adhesiveness, chewiness and hardness by the texture analyzer, vegetable soybean lines with green seed-coat were best as compared with those with black, brown, mixed, and yellow seed-coats. A panel test evaluated on the basis of taste, sweetness, chewiness, and total scores also indicated that soybean lines with green seed-coat were the best. The total scores of panel test was decreased in the order of green > yellow> black> brown seed-coat colored soybean. The mean value of sucrose content obtained by HPLC analysis was highest in black seed-coat colored soybean, and followed by green, yellow, and brown soybeans. The highest sucrose content (8.22%) was observed in 180362, a soybean line with green seed-coat. The full-season type soybeans showed much higher sucrose content than summer types which are mainly cultivated on farmer's fields for vegetable purposes. The final 13 lines selected from 300 colored soybeans showed nearly the same panel scores as Miwongreen. However, these lines had a great deal of variation in sucrose content, and much higher readings in texture analysis than Miwongreen, especially in chewiness and hardness which were the most important properties in vegetable soybeans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1458-1465
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• 2008

Effects of soybean oil or whole cotton seed addition on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and performance of fattening Brahman$\times$Thai-Native cattle were studied. Eighteen fattening cattle averaging $241{\pm}24kg$ body weight and approximately 1 year old were stratified by live weight into three groups and randomly assigned by group to one of three dietary treatments. The treatments were control (concentrated 14% crude protein), control and supplemented with 170 g/d soybean oil, control plus 170 g/d of oil from whole cotton seed. All animals were weighed before and after the experimental period and 4 cattle per treatment were randomly slaughtered then carcass measurements were obtained. There were no statistically significantly differences in the final body weight, average daily gain and dry matter intake among treatments. However, the crude protein intake was significantly decreased (p<0.01) when whole cotton seed was fed compared with control and soybean oil treatments. The carcass composition and carcass characteristics were not significantly different in Longissimus and Semimembranosus muscle by feeding soybean oil and whole cotton seed compared with the control treatment. Supplementation of soybean oil increased (p<0.01) cis-9, trans-11 CLA by 116% in Longissimus muscle and by 240% in Semimembranosus muscle. However, whole cotton seed did not increase cis-9, trans-11 CLA in both muscles. The present study successfully increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of muscle lipids by soybean oil but not by whole cotton seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.437-441
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• 1993

The improvement of superior black soybeans could be accomplished through maintenance and use of black soybean collections. A collection of 965 black soybean lines currently grown by farmers was made in 197 locations on spring, 1991. This study was carried out to evaluate them as useful germplasm. Seed characteristics of black soybean collections were evaluated for black soybean breeding for seed quality. The 100-seeds weight of 929 black soybean genotypes were distributed from 6.9 to 48.1 gram. The maximum and minimum 100-seeds weight were derived from Chungnam and Jeonbuk province, respectively. l00-seeds weight was heavier in middle and late maturity group, as maturity was later, whereas no tendency was shown in early maturity group. Length, width and thickness of the collected black soybean seeds were 9.5$\pm$1.5mm, 7.3$\pm1.3mm and 7.3$\pm1.2mm, respectively. Black soybean collections with yellow seed embryo was 72% and the others were green seed embryo.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of weed interference and starter fertilizer on subsequent soybean seed quality at the Agricultural Research Farm and Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factorial experiment was laid-outon a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg $ha^{-1}$) applied in the forms of monoammonium phosphate, the second factor was different weed interference periods consisted of five initial weed-free periods (in which, plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest) and five initial weed-infested periods (in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60DAE, after which the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest). Full season weedy condition reduced 100-seed weight, seed germination percentage and seedling dry weight by 25.9, 13.3 and 22.5%, respectively and increased mean germination time and seed electrical conductivity by 55.8 and 24.3%, respectively as compared with full season weed-free control. However, the traits under study were not significantly influenced when field was kept free of weeds for at least 45 DAE (R1) or weedy condition was continued for less than 30 DAE (V8). There was a significant and negative correlation between weed biomass and seed weight (r = -0.93), so that when weed free condition was less than 45 DAE or weed infested period was continued for at least 30 DAE, soybean plants produced wrinkled and underdeveloped seeds with lower weights and qualities. Moreover, soybean seed quality reduction due to weed interference was more evident when starter fertilizer was applied and weeds interfered with soybean from the beginning of the growing season. Information from the present study is beneficial in soybean seed production systems and where farmers use the harvested seeds for the following planting.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.971-980
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• 2019

We profiled the health-promoting bioactive components in nine types of soybean seeds with different seed coat colors (yellow, green, brown, and black) and investigated the effects of different extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water) on their antioxidant activities. The carotenoid and anthocyanin compositions varied greatly by seed color, and the phenolic acids, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents differed by genotype. The carotenoid content was relatively higher in soybean seeds with green and black seed coats than in those with a yellow seed coat while lutein was the most plentiful. The anthocyanin content was considerably higher in the soybean seed with the black seed coat. The results of the DPPH assay showed strong antioxidative activities in the methanol- and water-extracts compared to the ethanol-extract, irrespective of the seed coat colors. Moreover, the soybean seeds with the black seed coat exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the samples, regardless of the extraction solvent used. Eighteen bioactive compounds were subjected to data-mining processes including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Multivariate analyses showed that brown and black seeds were distinct from the yellow and green seeds in terms of the levels of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. These results help our understanding of the compositional differences in the bioactive components among soybean seeds of various colors, providing valuable information for future breeding programs that seek to enhance the levels of compounds with health benefits.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.513-528
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.