• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out on plastic pots ($40cm{\times}25cm{\times}30cm$) filled with sand soil at greenhouse using two soybean cultivars with small seed; one was Pungsannamulkong (PSNK) recognized as a tolerant cultivar against excessive water stress and the other one was Sobaeknamulkong (SBNK) recognized as a susceptible cultivar. Seed was sown with 30 plants of 2 hills, and the amount of applied fertilizer was N; 3.0 g, P; 3.0 g, and K; 3.4 g per $m^2$ with all basal fertilizations. Plants were grown under photoperiod of natural light with day temperature of $31{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and night temperature of $22{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The flooding treatment was done for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days by filling pots with tap water up to 1 cm above the level of the soil surface when plants were 2 days after emerging. Nitrogen uptake by leaves of soybeans decreased significantly by the flooding after 6 days. This significant reduction of N uptake by flooding was evidently recognized from the chlorosis of leaves. The dry matter of flooded soybean seedlings significantly decreased compared to non-flooded soybean seedlings at 10 days. The dry matter of roots also showed similar result of the shoot. Shoots had more N reduction than roots under the flooding. This N reduction was more pronounce in SBNK than in PSNK. Chlorophyll content of flooded soybeans showed decreasing or non-increasing tendency, and the reduction of chlorophyll content was more in SBNK than in PSNK from the flooding stress. Nitrate content of soybean seedlings with flooding stress showed decreasing tendency in shoot and root parts. Ammonium content, however, was higher in flooding stress compared to the non-flooding. Flooding caused a remarkable change in the AA (amino acid) composition and TAA (total amino acid) concentration in the leaves of soybean seedlings.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2000

대기환경오염원인 오존을 벼와 콩에 처리하여 오존피해증상, 품종간 저항성 차이 및 유전양상을 밝히고자 가시피해, 피해엽율, 엽록소함량, 임실율 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 벼의 오존피해증상은 피해정도에 따라 잎에 작고 붉은 반점이 형성되거나 잎전체가 적갈색 또는 황백색으로 변색되며 잎끝부터 말리면서 고사하였다. 콩은 피해엽이 황백색 또는 흑갈색으로 변색되었으며 벼와 콩 모두 잎의 표면보다는 이면이, 신엽보다는 하위엽에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 벼의 오존저항성 정도는 밀양 23호와 농안벼가 저항성을, 추청벼가 감수성으로 조사되었다. 오존처리시간이 2시간에서 8시간으로 길어짐에 따라 벼의 피해엽율은 증가하였고 엽록소함량은 감소하는 경향이었지만 그 정도는 품종에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 콩의 품종별 오존저항성정도는 큰올콩과 단엽콩이 저항성을, 두유콩, 무한콩, 은하콩 및 푸른콩 등이 감수성으로 나타났다. 콩의 생육시기별 피해엽율은 품종에 따라 다소 다른 경향이었으나 대체로 파종후 45일 처리에서 피해엽율이 가장 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

This research was conducted to compare the dry matter production and the yield productivity among nine soybean cultivars by measuring the photosynthetic ability of the middle and lower leaves at the flowering and the seed development stages. The leaf greenness(SPAD value) were ranged as 32-42 at the flowering stage. Also, They were ranged as 25-40 and 38-51 at the fifth leaf and the seventh leaf, respectively. The photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage showed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and the photosynthetic ability at the seed development stage showed higher difference among cultivars than the flowering stage. The variation of the photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage also was significant among cultivars. The light saturation point at the flowering stage was about 1500 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PAR, and the seed development stage was about 1000 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PAR. The photosynthesis showed the high negative correlation with the leaf area and the positive correlation with the leaf area ratio. Also, photosynthesis at seed development stage showed positive correlation with grain yields but there was not significant between photosynthesis and yields at flowering stage..

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2007

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules is a distinctly beneficial metabolic process in legume plants. Legumes control the nodule number and nodulation zone through a systemic negative regulatory system between shoot and root. Mutation in the soybean NTS gene encoding GmNARK, a CLAVATA1-like serine/threonine receptor-like kinase, causes excessive nodule development called hypernodulation. To examine the effect of nts mutation on the gene expression profile in the leaves, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed with the trifoliate leaves of nts mutant 'SS2-2' and the wild-type (WT) parent 'Sinpaldalkong2', and 75 EST clones that were highly expressed in the leaves of the SS2-2 mutant were identified. Interestingly, the expression of jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes such as vspA, vspB, and Lox2 were upregulated, whereas that of a salicylate-responsive gene PR1a was suppressed in the SS2-2 mutant. In addition, the level of JA was about two-fold higher in the leaves of the SS2-2 mutant than in those of the WT under natural growth conditions. Moreover, the JA-responsive gene expression persists in the leaves of SS2-2 mutant without rhizobia infection in the roots. Taken together, our results suggest that the nts mutation increases JA synthesis in mature leaves and consequently leads to constitutive expression of JA-responsive genes which is irrelevant to hypernodulation in the root.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.502-509
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• 1995

In other to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of dry edible leaves on serum lipids, four kinds of powdered leaves(persimmom, mulberry, perilla, and soy bean) were added to experimental diets at the levels of 5%(w/w). The diets were fed to 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 weeks and weighing 60$\pm$5g, for 3 weeks. Food intake was the largest in Group 1(control), with 5% of cellulose powder, while food efficiency was the highest in Group 2(persimmon). Total cholesterol level in serum was lower in Group 5(soybean) and Group 4(perilla) than the other groups. In comparison with Group 1, HDL-cholesterol level was very high in Group 4 and atherogenic index was low in Groups 4 and 5. Free cholesterol level was the highest in Group 2, and was the lowest in Group 1. Both LDL and LDL-cholesterol levels were the lowest in Group 1, while they were very high in Groups 2 and 3(mulberry). Triglyceride level was the lowest in Group 4, and the highest in Group 1. Except Group 3, all groups had lower phospholipid level than Group 1. Compared with Group 1, calcium level in serum was low in Groups 3, 4 and 5, magenesium level was low in Groups 2, 3 and 5, phosphate level was high in Group 4, and iron level was exceptionally low in Groups 4 and 5. In conclusion, Group 4(perilla) and Group 5 (soybean) showed a favorable effect in atherogenic index and serum levels of various lipids.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

Plastid transformation was attempted with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves and photoautotrophic and embryogenic cultures by particle bombardment using the transforming vector pZVII that carries the coding sequences for both subunits of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Rubisco and a spectinomycin resistance gene (aadA). Spectinomycin resistant calli were selected from the bombarded leaves but the transgene was not present, indicating that the resistance was due to mutations. The Chlamydomonas rbcL and rbcS genes were shown to be site-specifically integrated into the plastid genome of the embryogenic cells with a very low transformation efficiency. None of the transformed embryogenic lines survived the plant regeneration process so no whole plants were recovered. This result does indicate that it should be possible to insert genes into the plastid genome of the important crop soybean if the overall methods are improved.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2003

A series of aqueous extracts and residues from leaves, stems, roots, pods and seeds of Korean black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to determine their allelopathic activities through petri-dish and greenhouse experiments, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts or residues from the seeds, and followed by pods. The extracts of 40g dry tissue $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ applied on filter paper in petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa, and especially extracts from seeds and pods reduced root length of alfalfa more than those from leaves, stems, or roots. Plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weights of barnyard grass were reduced significantly by residue incorporation of seeds and pods as the incorporated amount increased. These results suggest that black soybean plants had herbicidal potential, and their activities were exhibited differently depending on plant parts.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1999년도 정기총회 및 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.43.4-44
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• 1999

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.644-650
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• 2016

In soil-to-plant transfer of heavy metals, the amount absorbed and accumulated varies depending on the environment conditions. The absorption rate of cadmium (Cd) in plants differs considerably depending on the bioavailability of Cd in the soil, while usage by various organic matters is also reported to affect absorption patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the difference in the transfer of essential metal ions and Cd to various plant parts when rice straw compost was used to cultivate soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Daepung). In the two-leaf stage of soybean cultivated in a greenhouse, Cd was mixed in the soil, after which the Cd and essential metal ions contents, and physiological changes of soybean seedlings were studied on the 15th and 25th day. The Cd toxicity in the plant was reduced with the use of rice straw compost. Further, the Cd content varied with the plant part, and was higher in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf) than in the stem. When analyzed by leaf age, the Cd transfer was highest in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf), followed by mature leaves (1st and 2nd leaf). While there was no significant difference between plant tissues in the absorption rate of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) when rice straw compost was used against Cd toxicity, the absorption rate of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) showed a significant decline in both the control and rice straw compost treatment conditions, as well as a significant difference between leaf ages. Therefore, these results confirm that the use of rice straw compost against Cd toxicity is effective, and implies that the rate of Cd transfer in the soybean plant varies significantly with leaf age.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1982

수도(水稻) 및 대두(大豆)를 pot재배(栽培)하여 가스접촉실내(接觸室內)에서 $Cl_2$가스 및 HCl가스를 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, $1.0g/m^3$의 농도(濃度)로 1시간(時間)씩 접촉(接觸)시켜 가스접촉후(接觸後)에 나타나는 피해증상(被害症狀), 피해엽률(被害葉率), 수풍(收豊) 및 chlorophyll함양등(含量等)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 염소(鹽素)가스는 수도(水稻), 대두(大豆) 모두 엽전면(葉全面)에 회백색(灰白色)의 미세(微細)한 반점(斑點)이 나타나며 심(甚)할 경우(境遇)는 백색(白色)으로 고사(枯死)하나, 염화수소(鹽化水素)가스는 엽(葉)의 가장자리에서부터 회백색(灰白色)으로 고사(枯死)한다. 2) 가스농도(濃度) 증가(增加)에 따라서 감수(減收)가 컸으며 수도(水稻)는 염화수소(鹽化水素)가스에서 대두(大豆)는 염소(鹽素)가스에서 피해(被害)가 컸다. 3) 동일농도(同一濃度)에서의 피해엽률(被害葉率)은 염소(鹽素)가스에서는 대두(大豆)가, 염화수소(鹽化水素)가스에서는 수도(水稻)가 크게 나타났다. 4) 수도엽(水稻葉)의 chlorophyll함량(含量)은염소(鹽素)가스접촉(接觸)이 염화수소(鹽化水素)가스 접촉(接觸)보다 피해(被害)가 적었다. 5) 수도엽(水稻葉)의 chlorophyll함양(含量)과 피해엽률(被害葉率)과는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)있는 부(否)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다.