• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.404-408
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• 1997

단백질 분해효소를 이용하여 대두 단백질 가수분해물을 제조하여 물리화학적인 특성과 응용 가능성을 조사하였다. 단백질 함량이 60%이고, 가수분해도가 50%인 탈지대두박 분해물은 조미 소재의 기본 베이스로 사용하기에 적합하였고 이를 마일러드 반응시키고 조미하여 풍미를 향상시킨 가수분해물은 효소분해 간장 및 복합조미료의 원료로 사용 가능하였다. 대두분리단백의 가수분해물은 단백질 함량이 85%이며 평균 분자량이 250내외로서 환자식, 유아식, 스포츠 영양 등의 저엘러지 단백질원으로 적합하였다. 효소분해HVP의 염 함량은 2%이내로서 다른 원료와의 배합 사용량에 제한을 주지 않으면서 고 단백 제품의 개발을 용이하게 하였다. 대두박 분해의 부산물로 30%의 단백질 함량과 21%의 섬유소를 갖는 부산물이 생성되었으며 이는 식이섬유원, 보습제 또는 중량제로서의 응용 가능성이 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed at studying the potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle. Methods: Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM. Results: The experimental findings revealed that replacements did not effect on intake of rice straw, concentrate and total dry matter (DM) intake (p>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were linearly increased up to 100% replacement levels. Moreover, the production of total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentration were enhanced (p<0.05) whereas the concentration of acetate was reduced in all replacement groups. Consequently, the CH4 production was significantly lower when increasing levels of FHM for SBM (p<0.05). Furthermore, rumen bacterial population was additionally increased (p<0.05) while protozoal population was clearly decreased (p<0.05) in all replacement groups up to 100%. In addition, microbial nitrogen supply and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were enhanced (p<0.05), as affected by FHM replacements. Conclusion: The findings under this experiment suggest that 100% FHM replacement in concentrate mixture enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrients digestibilities, bacterial population, microbial protein synthesis, and subsequently reduced CH4 production in beef cattle fed on rice straw.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2021

Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the effects of corn particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients fed to pigs at four different growth stages and therefore to provide basis for better application of corn in pig feeds. Methods: Eighteen weanling piglets, 18 growing barrows, 24 gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were used in this study. Within each stage, pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 corn-soybean meal diets which were formulated with different corn particle size in a completely randomized design with 6 replicate pigs per diet. Each stage lasted for 19 days, including 7 days for cages adaptation, 7 days for adaptation to diets and followed by 5 days for total collection of feces and urine. Results: For nursery and growing stages, the results showed that digestible energy content and ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased (p<0.05) as the corn particle size reduced. Meanwhile, the metabolizable energy content and ATTD of crude protein (CP) tended to increase. For gestating sows, no differences were found in the ATTD of nutrients among dietary treatments. As for lactating sows, there were linear and quadratic increases (p<0.05) in the ATTD of DM, GE, NDF as the corn being finer milled. Quadratic response in ATTD of ADF and CP (p<0.05) were observed as sows fed with four different diets. Conclusion: Reducing corn particle size can increase digestibility of nutrients fed to young pigs and lactating sows. No effects were observed in present experiment when gestating sows were fed with different particle sized corn.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) value of 6 wheat bran and 1 wheat shorts by indirect calorimetry and establish the NE prediction equations of wheat bran fed to growing barrows. Methods: Forty-eight growing barrows (28.5±2.4 kg body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 8 dietary treatments that included a corn-soybean meal basal diet, 6 wheat bran diets and 1 wheat shorts diet. The inclusion level of wheat bran or wheat shorts in diets is 30%. Results: The addition of wheat bran reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (p<0.05). The ATTD of gross energy, crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) in the wheat shorts were greater than that in the wheat bran. Addition of wheat bran or wheat shorts had no effect on total heat production and fasting heat production. The NE of wheat bran was negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (r = -0.84; p<0.05) and acid detergent fiber (r = -0.83; p<0.05), while it was positively correlated with CP (r = 0.92; p<0.01). The NE values of wheat bran ranged from 6.79 to 8.15 MJ/kg DM, and the NE value of wheat shorts was 12.47 MJ/kg DM. The ratio of NE to metabolizable energy for wheat bran fed to growing pigs was from 66.0% to 71.7%, whereas the value for wheat shorts was 83.7%. Conclusion: The NE values of wheat bran ranged from 6.79 to 8.15 MJ/kg DM, and the NE value of wheat shorts was 12.47 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of wheat bran can be well predicted based on energy content and proximate analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1691-1698
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• 2000

An in situ digestion trial (Experiment 1) and a lactation trial (Experiment 2) were conducted to determine the effects of replacing corn and wheat bran with soyhulls (SH) in lactating dairy cow diets on the extent and kinetics of digestion of DM and NDF, and lactation performance. In experiment 1, five mixed feeds consisting of mixed concentrate and roughages (50:50 on a DM basis) were formulated on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic bases to produce five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of SH replacement for corn and wheat bran. SH had high in situ digestion (92 and 89% for potentially digestible DM and NDF) and fairly fast digestion rate (7.2 and 6.3 %/h for DM and NDF). Increasing level of SH replacement resulted in increased NDF digestibility (linear, p=0.001-0.04) and similar DM digestibility (beyond 12 h incubation, p=0.10-0.41). As level of SH replacement increased, percentage of slowly digestible fraction (b) of DM increased (linear, p=0.03), percentage of rapidly digestible fraction (a) of DM tended to decrease (linear, p=0.14), and DM digestion lag time tended to be longer (linear, p=0.13). Percentage of potentially digestible fraction (a+b) and digestion rate (c) of slowly digestible fraction of dietary DM remained unaltered (p=0.36-0.90) with increasing SH in the diet. Increasing level of SH for replacing corn and wheat bran in the diet resulted in increases in percentages of b (quadratic, p<0.001), a (linear, p=0.08), a+b (quadratic, p=0.001) and a tendency to increase in c for NDF (linear, p<0.19). It was also observed that there was a satisfactory fit of a non-linear regression model to NDF digestion data ($R^2=0.986-0.998$), but a relatively poor fit of the model to DM digestion data ($R^2=0.915-0.968$). In experiment 2, 42 lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. SH replaced corn and wheat bran in mixed concentrates at 0, 25, and 50%, respectively. These mixed concentrates were mixed with roughages and fed ad libitum as complete diets. Replacing corn and wheat bran with SH at 0, 25 and 50% levels did not influence (p=0.56-0.95) DM intakes (18.4, 18.6, and 18.5 kg/d), milk yields (27.7, 28.4 and 27.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected-milk (FCM) yields (26.2, 27.6, and 27.3 kg/d) and percentages of milk protein (3.12, 3.17 and 3.18%), milk lactose (4.69, 4.76 and 4.68%) and SNF (8.50, 8.64, and 8.54%). On the other hand, milk fat percentges linearly increased (3.63, 3.85 and 3.90% for SH replacement rates of 0, 25 and 50% in the diet, p=0.08), while feed costs per kg FCM production were reduced.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2009

본 연구는 밀 식이섬유(Wheat fiber)와 분리대두단백(Isolated soybean protein)을 첨가한 프랑크푸르터의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 밀 식이섬유와 분리대두단백의 첨가는 pH의 변화에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 최종제품에 있어 명도의 증가를 가져왔다. 2% 밀 식이섬유 처리구는 다른 처리구들과 유의적 차이가 없었으나 대조구에 비해 가열감량의 감소와 유화안정성의 향상을 보였으며, 특히 경도, 응집성 및 검성에서 유의적인 향상을 나타냈다. 관능적 특성에서 2% 밀 식이섬유를 첨가한 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 풍미, 다즙성, 전체적인 기호도의 향상을 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구결과, 밀식이섬유는 분리대두단백과 비교하여 유사하거나 우수한 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 보였으며, 따라서 밀 식이섬유는 분리대두단백의 대체재로서 활용성이 높다고 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.200-217
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess energy and nutritional intake and investigate the preference for food and cooking methods of the residents in elderly care facilities. Methods: Data were collected from 72 residents (10 males and 62 females) aged ${\geq}70$ years in elderly care facilities using questionnaires, food photographs for estimating dietary intake and records for daily physical activity. Results: Average age of the study participants was 85.0 years and 41, 36 and 8 had dementia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. 15%, 65% and 19% of subjects were physically mobile, enervated, and immobile, respectively. Daily energy intake was 1360.2 kcal in men and 1378.0 kcal in women, which were 68.0% and 86.1% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) of dietary reference intake for Koreans (KDRI) for ${\geq}75$ year old individuals, respectively. Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) of subjects calculated using formula from KDRI was 1361.9 kcal and EER calculated using estimated daily physical activity (EDPA) was 1232.9 kcal. Energy intake and EEE from KDRI were higher than EER from EDPA. Dietary intake of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C were lower, and protein, phosphorous, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin E were higher than the corresponding ones of KDRI. Subjects liked meats, fishes and shellfish, and fruits, while subjects disliked milk, seaweeds and salted fish and salted vegetables. Cooked rice, soybean paste soup, beef, cooked sliced radish strip, and yogurt were favorite foods, with steam being a favorite cooking method. Subjects considered nutrition as the most important factor for improving food service quality. Conclusions: Results of this study could be utilized for improving food-service for the residents in elderly care facilities, and provide a basis for setting reference intake of energy and nutrients of the elderly having very low activity levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.825-834
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted with growing crossbred Super-Meat ducks at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to evaluate the effects of reducing the proportion of soybean meal (SBM) in a broken rice (BR)-SBM mixture and providing soya waste (SW) ad libitum (Expt. 1), and reducing the proportion of fish meal (FM) in a BR-FM mixture and supplying ensiled shrimp waste (ESW) ad libitum (Expt.2). Both experiments included five treatments, with three replicates and ten growing ducks per replicate. In Expt.1, the five diets were based on BR and five levels of SBM, with SW offered ad libitum. The control diet (SBM25) consisted of 75% BR and 25% SBM, and the other four treatments included SBM levels of 20% (SBM20), 14% (SBM14), 8% (SBM8) and 0% (SBM0) mixed with BR to 100%, and with SW ad libitum. In Expt. 2, the control diet consisted of 86% BR and 14% FM, and the other dietary treatments had FM levels of 11% (FM11), 8% (FM8), 4% (FM4) and 0% (FM0) mixed with BR, and with ESW ad libitum. In Expt. 1, total intakes of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) were higher for birds given SW (p<0.001). Total CP intake was highest on the SBM20 diet, and lowest on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Lower daily gain (DG) was found for the SBM0 diet (p<0.01). Carcass weights were higher on the control treatment, with the lowest values on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Gizzard weights were higher on diets with high intakes of SW (p<0.05). In Expt. 2, birds with high intakes of ESW (FM4 and FM0) had lower (p<0.01) daily intakes of DM. The total CP intakes declined (p<0.001) with higher intakes of ESW. The highest DG were for the control and FM11 diets, while the lowest value was for diet FM0 (p<0.001). The poorest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was for the FM0 treatment (p<0.01). Lower weights of carcass and breast muscle were found on the FM0 diet (p<0.001). Feed costs per kg gain were only slightly different between diets. However, the lowest feed cost was for ducks on the SBM0 and FM11 diets in Expt.1 and Expt. 2, respectively.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.714-720
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• 2015

본 연구는 산업 폐기물인 비지를 활용하여 부가 가치가 높은 가공식품을 개발하기 위한 일환으로 수행되었다. 즉 대두 가공 부산물인 비지를 활용하여 죽류, 음료류 및 유동식 등의 제품으로 개발하기 위해, 초고압균질 가공 기술을 활용하여 초미세 비지 현탁액을 제조하고 추출수율, 영양성분 및 항산화성을 확인하였다. 비지 분산액을 homogenizer를 이용하여 1,0000 rpm에서 5분 분쇄한 후 1,000bar, 1,500bar 및 2,000bar의 압력을 가해 고압균질 가공 처리하였다. 고압균질 가공처리한 모든 실험구가 대조군에 비하여 추출수율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 초고압균질 처리 후 총당, 환원당 및 가용성 식이섬유의 함량은 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 불용성 식이섬유는 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 단백질 함량과 유리아미노산 함량은 대조군보다 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 처리 압력이 높아질수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능도 유의적으로 증대되었다(p<0.05). 초고압균질 가공 기술은 비지의 영양성분과 항산화성을 증가시키는 매우 효과적인 가공방법이며, 비지의 영양성분을 효율적으로 활용하여 가공식품을 제조할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2001

쌀에 혼합취반이 가능한 혼식용 혼합쌀의 제조를 위해 곡물원료인 현미, 보리쌀, 밀, 조, 수수, 콩, 팥에 대한 물리화학적 특성 및 압출성형 특성을 조사하였다. 혼합쌀의 제조에 사용한 곡물은 전분, 단백질, 지방, 희분 및 총 식이섬유함량에서 서로 차이를 보여주었다. 곡분은 명도에 있어 백미, 보리쌀, 콩, 현미, 밀, 수수, 팥, 조의 순으로 낮았으며, 대부분 적황색도를 나타내었으나 곡종에 따라 다소간의 차이를 보여주었다. 곡분의 평균입자크기는 백미, 보리쌀과 같이 도정한 곡물에서 작았으며 현미, 조, 수수 같이 강층을 포함하는 정곡에서 다소 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 곡분의 손상전분 함량은 곡류에서 $5.4{\sim}10.9%$ 범위였으며 콩과 팥에서는 $0.5{\sim}1.4%$로 낮았다. 곡분의 수분흡수지수는 팥, 백미, 수수, 현미, 밀, 조, 보리쌀, 콩의 순으로 낮았으며 수분용해도지수는 두류인 콩과 팥에서 높게 나타났다. 혼합쌀 제조시에 곡종에 따른 이화학적 특성차이가 혼합쌀의 압출성형가공에 크게 영향을 주었으며, 현미 50%, 보리쌀 20%, 밀 10%, 조 5%, 수수 5%, 콩 7%, 팥 3%의 적정 배합비로 압출성형한 혼합쌀은 일반쌀과 혼용이 가능한 형태인 것으로 나타났다.