• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.686-695
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• 2022

The grain yield and flour quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Jokyung') were investigated in the paddy fields in which the double-cropping of wheat linked to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its alternative crops [black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton)] was applied. In the soils in which black soybean, sesame, and perilla as pre-crops were cultivated, the soil pH was higher and the electrical conductivity was lower than in the rice pre-cropped soil. In addition, the available phosphate (Av. P₂O₅), and contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were higher than in the rice pre-cropped soil. Winter wheat growth characteristics such as culm length, spike length, number of spikes and grains were generally favorable in the black soybean pre-cropped soil. However, the grain yield of winter wheat increased in the black soybean, sesame, and perilla pre-cropped soils by 100 kg/10a or more than in the rice pre-cropped soil. Furthermore, protein content and SDS-sedimentation value of the flour were higher, while amylose content was slightly lower, in the black soybean, sesame, and perilla pre-cropped soils than in rice pre-cropped soil. These results suggest that cultivation of rice alternative crops such as sesame, black soybean, and perilla as pre-crops in paddy soil could improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and contribute to producing high-quality wheat flour more advantageous for the baking process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.15
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• pp.77-83
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• 1974

This experiment was conducted to study the effexts of seeding time and varieties on yield components, protein and oil content of soybean. Four varieties of soybean(Chung Buk Baek, Iksan, Keum doo, Chang dan Baek mok)wrere applied in this experiment and were seeded at May 15th, June 5th, and June 25th, the results obtained are as follows. 1.When the soybean was seeded at May 15th, stem height, stem diameter and number of nodes on main stem came to an end about 70days after seeding. In case that the seeding time was delayed 20 days and 40 days from May15th, respectively, the time to be almost cimpleted the growth of the characteristics was shortened 10days and 20days during ther debelopment. Among varieties, Chung Buk Beak grew faster than any other varieries. 2.When seeded at May 15th, the plants produced many pods, and had high proportion of branch pods. When seeded late, the proportion of branch pods were low. Branches had large proportion of empty pods and one grain pods, but on main stem, the proportion of two grain pods and three grain pods were more than that of branch. Among varieties, Chung Buk Baek had high proportion of two and three grain pods, Keum doo and Chang dan Baek mok had high proportion of one and two grain pods, and Iksan had high proportion of one and three grain pods. 3.Tields were less by the late seeding.The proportion if decreased yields to the yields when seeded at May 15th, that of Chung Buk Baek was decreased 6% when seeded at June 5th and 14% when seeded at June 25th, that of Ik san was decreased 9% and 17%, that of Keum doo decreased 15% and 26% and that of Chang dan Baek mik decreased 18% and 27%. 4.Protein content was highest in the plots seeded on May 15th, but oil content was highest in the plots seeded in June 25th. Among varietiesm Xhang dan Baek mok had the highest proportion of protein content and Iksan had the highest of oil content.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2001

Physicochemical properties of milled rice, brown rice, pearled barley, wheat, sorghum, foxtail millet, soybean, and adzuki bean were evaluated for the production of extrusion formed multi-grain. Grain flours showed large differences in chemical composition including starch, protein, fat, ash, and total dietary fiber contents. Grain flours were brighter in the following order of milled rice>pearled barley>soybean>brown rice>wheat>sorghum>adzuki bean>foxtail millet, and most of the grain flours showed red-yellowish color. Mean particle sizes of grain flours were different among various grains, and whole grain flours tended to have coarser particle size than milled grain flours. The amounts of damaged starch in cereal flours were varied from 5.4 to 10.9%, and limited amount of damaged starch was present in legume flours. Water absorption index of grain flours was, in decreasing order, adzuki>bean>milled rice>brown rice>sorghum>wheat>foxtail millet>pearled barley>soybean. Water solubility index was higher in legume flours containing high protein content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.78-83
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• 2008

Soybean [Glycine max (L.)] is a major source of protein for human and animal feed. Inter- and intra-genotype variation of soybean protein has been investigated by soybean researchers. However, limited sample amount of soybean single seed there is no report that investigated intra-plant variation of soybean protein within soybean plant. Recently a non-destructive NIR (near-infrared reflectance) spectroscopy using single seed grain to analyze seed protein was developed. The objectives of this study were to understand variation of seed protein content within plant and to determine the amount of minimum sample size which can represent protein content for a soybean plant. Frequency distribution of protein content within plant showed normal distribution. There was an intra-cultivar variation for protein content in soybean cultivar Seonnogkong. Difference of protein content among single plants of Seonnokong was recognized at 5% level. Seeds in lower position on plant stem tended to accumulate more protein than in higher position. There was significant difference for protein content between sample size 5 seeds and sample size of more than 5 seeds (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seeds) at a soybean plant with 57 seeds however no difference was recognized among sample size (5, 10, 20, and 30 seeds) at a soybean plant with 33 seeds. Around 20% seeds of soybean from single plant needed to determine the protein content to represent protein content of single soybean plant. This study is the first one to report evidence of intra-plant variation for proteincontent which detected by non-destructive NIR spectroscopy using single seed grain in soybean.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate yield loss due to soybean leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora sojina Hara and to determine the economic threshold level. The investigations revealed highly significant correlations between disease severity (diseased leaf area) and yield components (pod number per plant, total grain number per plant, total grain weight per plant, percent of ripened grain, weight of hundred seed, and yield). The correlation coefficients between leaf spot severity and each component were -0.90, -0.90, -0.92, -0.99, -0.90 and -0.94, respectively. The yield was inversely proportional to the diseased leaf area increased. The regression equation, yield prediction model, between disease severity (x) and yield (y) was obtained as y = -3.7213x + 354.99 ($R^2$ = 0.9047). Based on the yield prediction model, economic injury level and economic threshold level could be set as 3.3% and 2.6% of diseased leaf area of soybean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.65-69
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• 1973

This experiment was carried out to determine the adequate amount of nitrogen for densely and lately seeded soybean, and the results obtained are as follows, 1) Various fertilization amounts of nitrogen did not effect the date of emergency, but the flowering and the maturing dates were delayed at the plots fertilized the nitrogen heavily. 2) In accordance with an increasing amount of nitrogen fertilization, the length of the stem and the internode was significantly elongated but the stem diameter was thinned down, and the latter was suggested to be the cause of lodging. 3) The 1, 000 grain weight and the number of pods per hill were decreased according to the increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilization. 4) A highly significant difference in grain yield was recognized between varieties but among treatments. However, in case of the extremly late cultivation, the grain yield of the early maturing variety (Choongbukbaeg) was increased at the plot of 6 kg nitrogen.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.250-257
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• 1976

Defoliation effect of two soybean cultivars on the grain yield was studied under different planting densities planted at two different planting date. Leaf removal caused a linear decrease of grain yield with increased amounts of defoliation in the case of lower population densities, while in the case of higher population densities over 40 plants per sqare meter, the slight removal of lower leaves indicated increased grain yields by 13% to 35% compared with control depending on the cultivar and planting time. The pod number per plant was the most effective factor influencing grain yield. The grain weight and the percent of matured grain become more important components for higher yield with decreased population densities depending on cultivar.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.330-335
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• 2010

Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) transplanting has increased because soybean and corn crops cultivated by the direct seeding method were often damaged by wild birds. The purpose of this study is to develop a seeder to sow soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) in a plug tray. In order to find out design factors for a metering device of the seeder, metering characteristics on metering hole size and roller speed were experimentally investigated. Soybean (cv. 'Daewon') and corn (cv. 'Mibaekchal') were used as a materials for testing the seeder in this experiment. The metering hole size of roller suitable for Daewonkong and Mibaekchal was determined. Daewonkong was suitable for hole diameter of 10 mm and hole depth of 5.5 mm, and Mibaekcal was suitable for hole diameter of 9 mm and hole depth of 5.5 mm. At a brush length of 4 mm, one grain seeding rates of Daewonkong and Mibaekchal was 99% and 93% respectively. By inducing Mibaekchal to the hole by swing, one grain seeding rate of that increased from 91.9% to 97.7%. When roller speed is 4 m per minut, seeding efficiency of prototype was 110 sheets per hour.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.266-271
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• 2001

Soybean can produce high-N residue due to N-fixation, so soybean rotation may increase yield of subsequent corn and reduce N fertilizer on the corn fairly. To find out the contribution of nitrogen to subsequent corn following soybean cultivation, soil nitrate, corn yield, and nitrogen uptake were measured for three continuous corn cropping years after soybean rotation. Three N rates of 0, 80, and 160 kg/ha were applied to three continuous corn following soybean cropping. At 6-leaf stage, soil nitrate amount at the soil depth of 0-30cm ranged from 60 to 80 kgN/ha higher in the first corn cropping year than that in the second and third corn cropping years. Judging from corn N status such as SPAD value, N concentration of ear-leaf and stover at silking stage, N contribution of previous soybean to corn in the first corn year was N fertilizer of approximately 80 kg N/ha. Stover N uptake at silking stage increased from 47 to 52 kg N/ha at the 0, and 80 kg N/ha of N rates in the first corn cropping year compared with those in the second and third corn cropping years. Corn grain yield at the 0 kg N/ha of N rate was 6-7 ton/ha higher in the first corn cropping year than that in the second and third corn cropping years, respectively. When compared the first corn year following soybean cropping with the second and third corn cropping years, N uptake of grain and stover at harvest with low N rates such as 0 and 80 kg N/ha increased from 45 to 67kg N/ha, from 35 to 60 kg N/ha, respectively. N uptake of whole plant by soybean rotation increased from 93 to 118 kg N/ha in the first year compared with that in the second and third corn cropping years. However, the N contribution by soybean cropping was small in the second and third continuous corn cropping years. Therefore, it was concluded that the nitrogen fertilizer of 80-100 kg N/ha in the first corn cropping year could be saved by soybean rotation and annual alternative corn-soybean rotation could be the best rotation system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 1984

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the sulfur effects on yield, growth and nutritive qualities of soybean in the different fertilizer application methods. Ammonium sulfate and super-phosphate were applied to the soil with levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6Kg S/10a and potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and thiourea were applied by foliar application with 2KgS/10a. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Grain and dry matter yield of soybean were increased by the increase of sulfur application and sulfur application showed positive effect on yield components. 2. Sulfur application increased the sulfur content and decreased N/S ratio in grain of soybean. 3. Protein content was increased by raising sulfur application up to 4Kg S/10a. Sulfur application influenced on amino acid composition of soybean protein. Cysteine and methionine contents were increased by sulfur application. 4. Lipid content of soybean grain and inorganic ion absorption by soybean plant were not influenced significantly by sulfur application. 5. In application effects, there was no significant difference among sulfur fertilizers, but foliar application was more effective than soil application.