• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

As a part of the research program 'Survey of freshwater organisms and specimen collection', freshwater samples were collected from Lakes Soyang and Chungju in 2016. Hundreds of bacterial strains were isolated from the samples and were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Among the bacterial isolates, strains showing higher than 98.7% sequence similarity with validly published bacterial species not reported in Korea were selected as unrecorded bacterial species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 17 strains were identified as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea. The 17 bacterial strains were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to four phyla, seven classes, 13 orders, 14 families, and 16 genera. At generic level, the unreported species were affiliated with Caulobacter, Paracoccus, and Mesorhizobium of the class Alphaproteobacteria, Deefgea, Undibacterium, Chitinimonas, Inhella, and Sphaerotilus of the class Betaproteobacteria, Vibrio and Cellvibrio of the class Gammaproteobacteria, Sanguibacter and Clavibacter of the phylum Actinobacteria, Lactococcus of the phylum Firmicutes, Deinococcus of the class Deinococci, and Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The unreported species were further characterized by examining Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic position. The detailed description of the 17 unreported species are also provided.

• Journal of The Association for Neo Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1997

In Sasang medicine, humen are classified into four constitutions which are Taeyang, Soyang. Taeum and Soum. Depending on each different constitution, the clinical and pharmacological application for the same disease might be different. In this study, genomic DNA of different constitutions(Taeum, Soyang and Soum) were analyzed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) to provide scientific and objective references for Sasang classification. The DNA polymorphism for each constitution detected as differences in the length of DNA fragments, after digestion with restriction enzyme Hae III, was investigated using YNH24 as DNA probe. The allele size of Taeum, Soyang and Soum group detected by YNH24 ranged from 1.3 to 3.8 kb, 1.5 to 3.9 kb and 1.3 to 4.6 kb, respectively. However, the allele size distribution of YNH24 loci of different constitutions was shown to be too variable to be classified as 3 different constitution groups investigated. For further study, it is suggested that the number of each constitution samples for RFLP analysis should be increased and statistical analysis of the allele size distribution should be carried out.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.74-84
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• 2002

The purpose of study is 584 patients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center during 1 year from February 2001 to January 2002. We proceeded the judgment of Sasang constitution by 'Questiinaire of Sasang Constitution Classification(I)' and 'Questiinaire of Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCCII)'. The following conclusion were made in comparison with Sasang Constitution and Questiinaire about disease and style of symptoms. 1. The subject of 'increase of the weight of a body(gain weight), cough, nasal discharge(rhinorrhea), stuffed nose, sweatier, more like fat food, more like salty food', has significant differences in sasang constitution classification. The frequency of Taeum group is more than of Soeum group and Soyang group. 2. The subject of 'the complextion is bad, anorexia, indigestion, nervousness, sonitus', has significant differences in sasang constitution classification. The frequency of Soeum group is more than of Taeum group and Soyang group. 3. The subject of 'urodynia, otic discharge', has significant differences in sasang constitution classification. The frequency of Soyang group is more than of Taeum group and Soeum group.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 1990

The total and heterotrophic bacterial distributions, compositions and alkaline phosphatese actibities were analyzed in Lake Soyang from Sep. 1987 to Aug. 1988. The heterotrophic bacteria was small portion, 0.07-2.63% of total bacterial number which ranged from $3.2{\times}10^{5}$ to $3.2{\times}10^{6}$ cells/${\mu}\ell$. The composition of bacterial community was less diverse in summer and at the fish farm site and Peridinium blooming site. Pseudomonas and Flavo bacterium were the dominant genera in all sites. The highest proportion and activity of alkaline phsophatase was appeared in Flavobacterium, while Pseudomonas was the most predominant group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.437-437
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• 2022

The prediction of dam inflow rate is crucial for the management of the largest multi-purpose dam in South Korea, the Soyang Dam. The main issue associated with the management of water resources is the stochastic nature of the reservoir inflow leading to an increase in uncertainty associated with the inflow prediction. The Autoregressive (AR) model is commonly used to provide the simulation and forecast of hydrometeorological data. However, because its estimation is based solely on the time-series data, it has the disadvantage of being unable to account for external variables such as climate information. This study proposes the use of the Autoregressive Exogenous Stochastic Volatility (ARXSV) model within a Bayesian modeling framework for increased predictability of the monthly dam inflow by addressing the exogenous and stochastic factors. This study analyzes 45 years of hydrological input data of the Soyang Dam from the year 1974 to 2019. The result of this study will be beneficial to strengthen the potential use of data-driven models for accurate inflow predictions and better reservoir management.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess the characteristics of electropyography(EMG) and heart rate variability(HRV) values in idiopathic facial palsy inpatients of different Sasang constitutions. Methods : Medical records of 103 idiopathic facial palsy inpatients who underwent facial EMG testing and HRV testing were retrospectively reviewed. All subjects had been consulted to the department of Sasang constitution for constitution differentiation. The Sasang constitutional and age distribution were initially analyzed, and axonal loss percentage values on EMG were correlated with Sasang constitution and sex. HRV results were also correlated with Sasang constitution and sex. Results : 1. 24.4 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were of the Soyang constitution, 52.4 percent were of the Taeum, and 23.3 percent were of the Soeum. Patients in their fifties were most common in all constitutions(27.8%). 2. Mean axonal loss values for the temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches were all statistically significantly lower in the Taeum constitution compared with Soyang or Soeum(p<0.05). 3. Mean axonal loss values for the temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches were all statistically significantly lower in men than women(p<0.05). 4. The mean LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in idiopathic facial palsy inpatients of the Soeum constitution compared with Soyang and Taeum(p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in mean MHRT, SDNN, TP, VLF, LF, and HF of different constitutions. 5. The mean SDNN was significantly lower in women inpatients compared with men(p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in mean MHRT, TP, VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. Conclusions : The Sasang constitutional composition of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients closely adheres to the composition proposed in Dong-eui-su-se-bo-won, but the Taeum and Soeum proportion is slightly larger and the Soyang proportion slightly smaller. Axonal loss value on EMG was significantly lower in the Taeum constitution, and in men(p<0.05, <0.05). Mean LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in the Soeum constitution compared with Soyang and Taeum(p<0.05), and mean SDNN was significantly lower in women(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 2004

Upper reach of Soyang River at the northernmost area around Taebaek Mountains in South korea is profitable area to understand paleo-environment during the Quaternary such as tectonic process and climate change in the Korean Peninsula. This study explained paleo-environment affect to channel development by geomorphic distribution and characteristics of terrace surfaces, and analysis of deposits at 58 fluvial terraces in upper reach of Soyang River. Fluvial terraces were classified from T1 to T6. Most terraces are distributed on the point bar in meandering channel and one side along river valley. Terraces tend to decrease in number and superficial dissection rate to be higher and channel slope to be steeper if it takes long time from T1 to 6. The paleo-channel of Soyang River is supposed to be stronger meandering in period of T2 than T3. The weathering rind of gravel is generally thicker in older terrace, however, differs by contents of water and air in deposits. Based on the data of stratigraphy, grain size analysis, pollen analysis and rubification index in deposit, formation age of T5 terrace in Soyang River are estimated in MIS(Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage) 10, and T2 terrace are estimated in MIS 6.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.328-335
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• 2000

Seasonal and vertical variations of organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand (COD$_{Mn}$ were investigated to estimate a suitability of COD$_{Mn}$ methods as an index of the quantity of organic matter in Lake Soyang. Organic matter in the lake may be composed matters resistant to oxidation by COD$_{Mn}$ method, especially in de데 layers. Rations of COD$_{Mn}$ to TOC varied with season and depth layer in Lake Soyang. In the inflowing river, the ratios after summer monsoon were very low and significantly different compared with other seasons (p<0.0001 between after summer monsoon and other seasons by unpaired sample t-test). At the dam site the ratio was low in the deep layer. The ratios in deep layer were significantly different compared with those of upper and middle layers (p<0.0001 by paired sample t-test). In Lake Soyang COD$_{Mn}$ yielded only 40$ of TOC and the oxidation rate of COD$_{Mn}$ varied largely with season and depth. These results implied that the COD$_{Mn}$ does not seem to be an index or organic matter in lakes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find characteristics of photosynthesis for dwarf and street tree cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus L. Characteristics of growth and flowering on some cultivars were investigated. The photosynthetic capacity for the cultivars was also measured. Bulsae showed the best height increase; Soyang represented the lowest growth. Baektanshim ${\times}$ Kyungbuk1 had the largest number of branches and leaves. Sundeok and Bulsae were the best in terms of height and width of flower, Soyang showed the smallest flowers. According to the analysis of chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, b, total) for the cultivars, there was little difference between Sundeok and Bulsae. Based on light response curves for cultivars, it was found that Baektanshim ${\times}$ Kyungbuk1 and Soyang had lower light compensation and light saturation points than Bulsae and Sundeok. Cultivars Baektanshim ${\times}$ Kyungbuk1 and Soyang were also low in dark respiration, photosynthetic capacity, and net apparent quantum yield. In conclusion, it is recommended that cultivars Baektanshim ${\times}$ Kyungbuk1 and Soyang might be used as a dwarf type due to photosynthetic capacity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2004

The pond smelt Hypomesus olidus and minnow Zacco platypus were collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes in January 2003, and their metacercarial infections was examined by the muscle compression and artificial digestion techniques. In the Soyang Lake, 161 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (0.35 per fish) were harvested from 459 pond smelts examined. Also, 13 metacercariae of C. sinensis (0.43 per fish), 1 of Metagonimus sp., 4 of Echinostoma sp., 148 of Centrocestus armatus and 44 unidentified species were collected from 30 minnows. In the Daechung Lake, 369 metacercariae of C. sinensis (3.69 per fish) and 51 unidentified species were recovered from 100 pond smelts. The metacercariae of C. sinensis were fed to experimental rats, in which the adult flukes were identified. The pond smelts and minnows collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes were verified to be the second intermediate hosts and the sources of human C. sinensis infection.