• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which are used in a variety of consumer products. Several of those are produced in large quantities. Their chemical structure similarities to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as their toxicity, has been studied. PBDEs are persistent and lipophilic, which results in their bioaccumulation in the fatty tissues of organisms and enrichment throughout food chains. In addition, a number of studies also reported high levels of PBDEs in animals and food resulting from the use of contaminated animal feed Public concern about PBDEs levels in animals and food has been raised. Feed contamination by toxic chemicals has been the cause of the contamination of poultry products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PBDEs in pig feed to search the origin chase of POPs in pigs. Feed samples were obtained wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1614. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Quantification was carried out by the isotopic dilution method. The analysis of ${\Sigma}PBDEs$ involved 22 PBDE congeners, including BDE-17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196 and 197.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

Dioxins are chemical substances that are not properly decomposed degradation under natural photochemical, biological and chemical conditions in the environment, and bio-accumulate through the food chain, so pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. Ninety seven percent of human exposure to dioxins comes through meat, fish, dairy consumption and so on. Pork is the largest proportion meat aspect of daily intake in the Korean food. Pigs are three times more than Cattle in terms of breeding population and production amount in the world, and the amount is increasing every year. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the exposure level of dioxins in pig's body. Also, it is required to evaluate the presence of these chemical substances in the pig's feed grain such as corn, soybeans, and tallow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PCDD/Fs in pig's feed to search the origin of PCDD/Fs. Feed samples obtained were wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1613. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), which are the most toxic potent dioxins, were not observed in any of the samples. However OCDD was detected in most of the samples. The TEQs in the feed samples were ranged from 0 pg TEQ/g to 0.09841 pg TEQ/g. Especially, the high level of TEQs was observed in the samples of wheat from East Europe and soybean meal from Korea.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-76
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• 2011

국가이미지는 국가라는 차원을 반영하는 것으로 국제사회에서 인식되는 특정 나라에 대한 이미지를 의미하며, 주로 원산지 효과 또는 제조국 이미지, 국가 이미지 등으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 수입업자가 미국제품을 수입할 때 국내 소비자의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 요인을 개발하고, 후생을 증대시킬 수 있는 요인을 찾아 소비자의 효용을 증대시키는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구결과는 미국 국가이미지 결정요인 중 "사회안전성 이미지", "산업화 수준 이미지", "미국 국민성 이미지"가 제품만족도에 유의한 영향을 마치고 있으며 반면 "경제적 이미지", "정치적 이미지", "문화적 이미지"가 제품 만족도 영향을 마치지 않은 분석되었다. 마지막으로 미국제품 만족도가 재구매 의도에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 분석결과에 따르며 미국 국가이미지 결정요인 중에서도 절반은 유의하고 절반은 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다 이는 지금까지 미국과의 관계에서 부정적인 관계가 축적된 경우 요인의 경우에는 제품만족도에 유의하지 않으며, 개별적인 사안에서는 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대기
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2018

The roles of atmospheric heating formation and distribution on the global circulation are of utmost importance, and those are directly related to not only spatial but also temporal characteristics of monsoon system. In this study, before we clarify the characteristics of apparent heat source <$Q_1$> and moisture sink <$Q_2$>, comparisons of three reanalysis datasets (NCEP2, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55) in its global or regional patterns are performed to clearly evaluate differences among datasets. Considering inter-hemispheric difference of global monsoon regions, seasonal means of June-July-August and December-January-February, which is summer (winter) and winter (summer) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere are employed respectively. Here we show the characteristics of eight different regional monsoon regions and find contributions of <$Q_2$> to <$Q_1$> for the regional monsoon regions. Each term in apparent heat source and moisture sink is shown to come from the ERA-Interim dataset, since the ERA-Interim could be representative of three datasets. The NCEP2 data has a different characteristic in the ratio of <$Q_2$> and <$Q_1$> because it overestimates <$Q_1$> compared to the other two different datasets. The Australia monsoon has been performing better over time, while some regional monsoons (South America, North America, and North Africa) have been showing increasing data inconsistency. In addition, the three reanalysis datasets are getting different marching with time, in particular since the early 2000s over South America, North America, and North Africa monsoon regions. The recent inconsistency among the three datasets that may be associated with the global warming hiatus remains unexplored.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.31-59
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• 2008

본 연구는 한국과 미국의 수출입에 따른 산업별 독성물질(유해화학물질) 배출량 이전관계를 규명한 것이다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 한국과 미국에서 공동적으로 조사하는 51종의 독성물질 배출량과 2000년의 국제산업연관표이다. 분석결과, 한국의 경우, 총배출 강도가 높은 산업은 금속, 화학, 금속기계 등이며, 미국은 전자 및 가전, 화학, 플라스틱 및 고무 등에서 높은 배출강도를 나타내고 있다. 한국의 대(對)미국 수출구조는 미국의 대(對)한국 수출구조에 비해 자국의 환경에 불리한 측면을 가지고 있다. 즉, 미국의 대(對)한국 수출은 미국내 배출량 증가에 상대적으로 낮게 기여하고 있으나, 한국의 대(對)미국 수출은 한국내 배출량 증가에 상대적으로 크게 기여하고 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.183-213
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• 2011

China and North America have been South Korea's biggest trading partner long time. As the volume of trade has been increasing, the disputes between Korean companies and Chinese Companies and between Korean companies and North American Companies have been increasing. If these disputes are settled by Arbitration, the parties appoint arbitrators who are empowered to proceed the arbitration procedure and have a power to render an arbitral award. Accordingly, it is very important for the parties to select who is an arbitrators in Arbitration. But if the parties doubt their arbitrator(s)'s fairness and independency, they can discharge them in accordance to law and arbitration institute's rules. In comparison with arbitrator system for way of selection and discharge among Korea, China and North America, some differences are found. First, if parties fail to appoint co-arbitrators or the presiding arbitrator by a mutual agreement, the court has the right to appoint them or him in Korea and North America whereas the Chairman of CIETAC choose him in China. Second, the authority to decide whether arbitrator is discharged owing to his fairness and independency, depends on arbitration institute and court in Korea and North American whereas it depends on the Chairman of CIETAC only.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1975

S.typhimurium LT-2의 histidine auxotroph를 이용한 돌연변이 유발물질 검출방법으로 PA 및 NPA의 돌연변이 유발능을 실험했다. PA는 microsomal enzyme에 의해 강한 돌연변이 유발효과를 나타냈으며 NPA는 직접 처리했을 때 강한 돌연변이 유발효과를 나타냇고 microsomal enzyme에 의한 활성화로는 그 비율이 증가되지 않았다.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2012년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-108
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• 2011

남미지역은 재생에너지 및 비-재생에너지 분야에서 풍부한 에너지 보유량을 자랑하는 지역이다. 하지만 오늘날 이 지역의 에너지 안보는 에너지의 공급과 수요의 지역 간 균형을 맞추지 못하면서 이웃 국가 간 갈등과 분열을 보이고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 21세기 들어 이 지역에서 일고 있는 남미지역 에너지안보 공동 구축 움직임은 에너지 국제협력과 통합이라는 새로운 움직임을 낳고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 움직임을 고찰해 보고 남미지역 에너지 협력과 통합의 가능성을 다양한 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 이를 주도적으로 리드하고 있는 남미지역 에너지 대국 브라질의 사례를 통해 더욱 심도있게 분석 고찰해 본다. 에너지협력과 통합은 이들 지역 공동체에게 막대한 경제적 이익을 가져다 줄 수 있다. 하지만 문제는 브라질이 이들 지역 공동체 개별 국가들을 에너지협력 및 통합체에 대한 제도적 장치를 얼마나 잘 리드해 가느냐에 달려있다. 이 논문은 이러한 제도적 취약성과 다양한 내부 갈등의 배경들과 원인들을 분석해 향후 통합 가능성을 진단해 보고자 한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권1호통권22호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the practical implications of homeopathic medicines, their status, their preparation systems and registration rules, recognized by the European Union and other countries. Contents : This paper covers the background of homeopathic medical principle, homeopathy throughout the world, the medicine status and clinical research, increases of the drug potency, the practical regulation of treatment, preparation techniques of homeopathic drugs and registration rules and the clinical practice. Homeopathy has been currently practised in over eighty countries throughout the world, especially in Europe. It had attracted considerable attentions in South and North America (notably in USA, Brazil, and Argentina), India and Pakistan. Although it is not dominantly popular in North America, constant growth has been nevertheless noted. Over the last thirty years, homeopathy has also developed or appeared in South Africa, Tunisia, Morocco, Venezuela, Israel, and Australia, etc. Result & suggestion : As over 300 million patients have put their trust in homeopathy, the study of the integration of homeopathy to oriental medicine, its development and feasibility in Korea are urgently needed. The products, substances, compositions of Homeopathic drugs are very similar to those of oriental medicine theory. Therefore their preparations and applications should prescribed and practised exclusively by oriental doctors. Applying the homeopathic theory and its preparation techniques to oriental medicine, the herbal acupuncture preparation should be modernized and various oriental products are to be developed. To this end, government and herbal acupuncture society need to interact each other for the development of oriental medicine.