• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.33-51
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• 2012

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) has been widely regarded as the most original and brilliant English landscape painter in the 19th century. Admitted to the Royal Academy Schools in 1789, Turner was a precocious artist and gained the full membership of the prestigious Royal Academy in 1802 at the age of 27. Already in the 1800s he was recognised as a pioneer in taking a new and revolutionary approach to the art of landscape painting. Among his early works made in this period, The Shipwreck, painted in 1805, epitomizes the sense of sublime Romanticism in terms of its dramatic subject-matter and the masterly display of technical innovations. Of course, the subject of shipwreck has a long standing history. Ever since human beings first began seafaring, they have been fascinated as much as haunted by shipwrecks. For maritime societies, such as England, shipwreck has been the source of endless nightmares, representing a constant threat not only to individual sailors but also to the nation as a whole. Unsurprisingly, therefore, shipwreck is one of the most popular motifs in art and literature, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Yet accounts, images and metaphors of shipwreck have taken diverse forms and served different purposes, varying significantly across time and between authors. As such, Turner's painting registers a panoply of diverse but interconnected contemporary discourses. First of all, since shipwreck was an everyday occurrence in this period, it is more than likely that Turner's painting depicted the actual sinking in 1805 of the East India Company's ship 'The Earl of Abergavenny' off the coast of Weymouth. 263 souls were lost and the news of the wreck made headlines in major English newspapers at the time. Turner's painting may well have been his visual response to this tragedy, eyewitness accounts of which were given in great quantity in every contemporary newspaper. But the painting is not a documentary visual record of the incident as Turner was not present at the site and newspaper reports were not detailed enough for him to pictorially reconstruct the entire scene. Rather, Turner's painting is indebted to the iconographical tradition of depicting tempest and shipwreck, bearing a strong visual resemblance to some 17th-century Dutch marine paintings with which he was familiar through gallery visits and engravings. Lastly, Turner's Shipwreck is to be located in the contexts of burgeoning contemporary travel literature, especially shipwreck narratives. The late 18th and early 19th century saw a drastic increase in the publication of shipwreck narratives and Turner's painting was inspired by the re-publication in 1804 of William Falconer's enormously successful epic poem of the same title. Thus, in the final analysis, Turner's painting is a splendid signifier leading the beholder to the heart of Romantic abyss conjoing nightmarish everyday experience, high art, and popular literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study is to assess nutrient content for providing nutrition information such as nutrition labeling on Korean dishes in restaurant and food service institutions. The content of nutrients was calculated in recipies used to prepare dishes which has been frequently consumed in such four groups as the literature, foodservice institutions of industries, restaurants, and households. The numbers of dishes surveyed were 15. Total numbers of literture used for recipies analysis are 20. Recipies used in foodservice institutions of industries were abstracted from the journal 'Guk-Min Young-Yang' published in Korea dietetic association and obtained with the help of dietitians working in those institutions. Also, recipies has been using in restaurants were given from the Korea restaurant association. Recipies in households was calculated from the secondary analysis of the Korean National Nutrition Survey. Nutrient content from foods except steamed rice and side dishes in each dish was calculated using data of Korean food composition table published. The content of energy and protein in 'Gal-bi tang' (beef-rib soup) were highest in recipes used at restaurants, vitamin C in recipes of food service institutions of industries due to the generous use of meats and vegetables than other recipies. 'Doen-jang chigae' (soybean paste stew) showed the lowest content of energy in results analyzing recipes presented on the literature and varied protein level by four groups for difference of protein source used. The content of energy in 'Gop-chang jeongol' (small intestines stew) is 150 kcal more than 'Soegogi jeongol' (beef stew) in general. The energy level of 'Daeji-galbi' jim (braised pork ribs) and 'Dak jim' (braised chicken) turned out to be the highest in recipies presented on literature. Variation of each nutrient content including energy and protein was relatively high, since some of foods used in 'Pibimbab' (mixed rice) varied with four groups. Amounts of energy and protein in 'Naeng-myeun' (cold noodles) is the highest in recipies of foodservice institution of industries because much amounts of noodle and meats were used comparing to other groups. The average content of energy in 'Pulgogi' (grilled meat with sauce) was 50% to Korea recommended amounts of one meal, 833.3 kcal. Content of vitamin $B_1$ in 'Jeuk pyeunuk' (boiled pork), which is made of pork meat, was higher than other dishes. The ingredients of frequently consumed Korean dishes were highly variable among the four groups which inevitably results in variation of nutrient content in each dishes. The high variation of nutrient content in each dish according to study requires careful collecting of the large number of recipies in presenting representative nutrient content for nutrition labeling on dishes in restaurant and food service institutions effectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.311-323
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• 2020

We analyzed food sources of 45 fish species in 28 genera of 12 families based on literature data in freshwater ecosystems of South Korea. The food sources of 45 fish species included in a total of 26 phyla, 42 classes, 94 orders, 189 families and 294 genera. Among them, animal food sources were 16 phyla, 24 classes, 54 orders, 126 families and 212 genera, whereas plant food sources were relatively small with 10 phyla, 18 classes, 42 orders, 63 families and 82 genera. The animal food sources were classified into Arthropod, Insecta, Diptera and Chironomidae according to taxa. Meanwhile, Bacillariophyta, Bacillariophyceae, Cymbellales and Cymbellaceae were the most abundant among the plant sources. Self-Organized Map (SOM) and network analysis were conducted the food sources were classified into taxonomic groups and the feeding types of fish : 45 fish species were divided into five groups, characterizing 1) fishvores, 2) invertebratevores, planktivores including 3) zooplankton and 4) phytoplankton, and 5) omnivores. The network analysis presented link association between fishes and food sources. Macroinvertebrate including diptera and ephemeroptera were revealed as hub food sources based on network analysis. This literature study would expect that the application model with the food source of fish could be utilized for the evaluation of the food network or chain in freshwater ecosystems.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.121-136
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• 2022

Purpose : Marine therapy is an activity that promotes public health such as constitution improvement, immunity improvement, and anti-aging by utilizing marine therapeutic resources such as seawater, mud, seaweed, salt and sea climate. In Europe developed countries, the marine therapy industry has been developing for centuries, with France, Germany, and Israel leading the way. Currently, it has achieved great industrial achievements and is of great help in improving the human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate how marine therapeutic resources benefit to human health, as well as how to study and utilize their efficacy. We analyzed previous research articles related to the effects of marine therapeutic resources. Methods : The study included a total of 830 published literatures in the last 20 years from the Republic of Korea and other contries. PubMed and Google Scholar were utilized to collect the foreign source while the local scientific publications were accessed through the Korean Education and research Information Service (KERIS) and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). The keywords used to search foreign literature were "marine therapy", "Thalassotherapy", "seawater", "deep seawater", "saline groundwater", "sand therapy", "mud therapy", "hydrotherapy", "seaweed", "Sun light", "sea salt", "marine animal", and "marine microorganisms" were combined, and for the domestic literature, the keywords were "marine therapy", "marine therapeutic resources", "seawater", and "sand". Results : A total of 830 research papers were found as a result of searching for domestic and international papers related to marine therapeutic resources. The collected documents were classified into 175 seawater resources, 259 marine mineral resources, 41 marine environment, and 355 marine organisms. The efficacy of each marine therapeutic resources was analyzed. By resources type, there were about 213 papers on the efficacy of seaweed, followed by about 175 papers on seawater, 142 on microorganisms, 124 on mud/peat, and sand, salt, minerals and others are appeared in order (Table 1). Conclusion : Korea has the highest marine biodiversity index, excellent tidal flats, four distinct seasons, and various sea environments of the East sea, Yellow sea, South sea and Jeju sea. For this reason, Korea has a much more diverse marine therapeutic resources than other advanced countries in the marine therapy industry. prebiously, we thought that the sea was only valuable as a shipping port and fishery industry. But now, it been shown that the ocean can become a new industrial field which can contribute to human health and well-being by providing healing and therapy to people through the gift of marine resources.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2010

A school uniform has established it as youth culture and an important fashion cord which exposes adolescents themselves under the influence of TV and movies. Moreover as adolescents use TV and radio ads and Internet as a main source to purchase a school uniform, their effect on adolescents' school uniform fashion increasingly grows. The purpose of this study is to analyze design characteristics and chronological changes of school uniform design of high school girls and provide basic materials to develop school uniform design and predict adolescents' fashion trend. The scope and subjects of the study were limited to TV drama and movies which were shown from 1996 to 2010 and had high school students as their main characters based on youth culture. The analysis materials were photos of 50 school uniforms collected from TV soap opera, movies, web sites, DVDs, and Internet. First, the changes of a school uniform, the mass media and youth culture, and a school uniform in the mass media were reviewed through previous researches and literature review. Then, a form, color, and materials were classified to analyze the Dsign Characteristic. Finally, the changes were examined chronologically.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.670-684
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• 2015

The hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (HCMLI) is a popular converter topology that is being increasingly used in high power medium voltage drives. The intricacy of the control technique for a HCMLI increases with the number of levels and due to fluctuating dc voltages. This paper presents a novel offline quadrant search based space vector modulation technique to synthesize a sinusoidal output from a dispersed pattern of voltage vectors due to different voltages in the auxiliary unit. Such an investigation has never been reported in the literature and it is being attempted for the first time. The method suggested distributes the voltage vectors for a reduced total harmonic distortion at minimal computation. In addition, the proposed algorithm determines the maximum modulation index in the linear modulation range in order to synthesize a sinusoidal output for both normal and abnormal vector patterns. It is better suited for a wide range of practical applications. It is particularly well suited for renewable source fed inverters which utilize large capacitor banks to maintain the dc link, which are prone to such slow fluctuations. The proposed quadrant search space vector modulation technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and implemented using a Nexys-2 Spartan-3E FPGA for a developed prototype.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 1999

This study focuses on investigating and analyzing overall information use behavior of the health fields researchers. Questionaries were 116 researchers in there nursing university or college and EMT college. Four areas were tested on the basis of the purpose that there would exist unique characteristics in the information seeking behavior of health fields researchers. The findings of the study shows that health fields researchers prefer monographs and journals; they tend to use current materials; the first information source for their research activities is the cited references in the book or journal article; they are likely to delegate literature searching to the librarian, but they tend to conduct direct searching in online setting; in general, they react positively for the rapid change in information environment caused by recent development of information technology. It is emphasized that to design an efficient information system and provide an effective information service in the health science related library or information center, it is essential to consider the major characteristics and attributes of health fields researchers in terms of their information use behavior.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.221-238
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• 2006

This study investigates the reliability of plagiarism measurement in the ESL essay writing context. The current study aims to address the answers to the following research questions: 1) How does plagiarism measurement affect test reliability in a psychometric view? and 2) how do raters conceive the plagiarism in their analytic scoring? This study uses the mixed-methodology that crosses quantitative-qualitative techniques. Thirty eight international students took an ESL placement writing test offered by the University of Illinois. Two native expert raters rated students' essays in terms of 5 analytic features (organization, content, language use, source use, plagiarism) and made a holistic score using a scoring benchmark. For research question 1, the current study, using G-theory and Multi-facet Rasch model, found that plagiarism measurement threatened test reliability. For research question 2, two native raters and one non-native rater in their email correspondences responded that plagiarism was not a valid analytic area to be measured in a large-scale writing test. They viewed the plagiarism as a difficult measurement are. In conclusion, this study proposes that a systematic training program for avoiding plagiarism should be given to students. In addition, this study suggested that plagiarism is measured reliably in the small-scale classroom test.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.440-444
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• 2011

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma generally arises from salivary glands and represents 5~10% of all salivary tumors. Arising within the jaws as primary central bony lesions, central mucoepidermoid carcinomas are extremely rare, accounting for only 2~3% of all mucoepidermoid tumors. Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible was first reported in 1939 and since then approximately 100 cases have been documented in the literature. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of intraosseous salivary tumors. The most likely source of most intraosseous tumors is odontogenic epithelium. Waldron and Mustoe suggested that central mucoepidermoid carcinoma be included in primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaw. We report here on a case of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma affecting the mandible and discuss the clinical, radiographic, and histological findings.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.635-654
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• 2012

This paper studied sports-inspired fashion(SIF) that is often characterized as 'designer clothes inspired by active sportswear.' First, we reviewed the social, economical, artistic, and technological background behind its development. Second, we studied the development history of SIF by classifying it into four periods. Third, we analyzed how SIF emerged and developed with its own characteristics from a historical perspective. For a theoretical background, we did a critical review of previous literature in the field of clothing history, history of culture, and art history. We collected the data from magazines, such as Fashion Show and Gap Press and from the internet sources as well, such as firstviewkorea.com. We also did the content analysis of the data by consulting a chosen group of fashion designers. This study revealed that active sportswear started to develop from everyday clothes for functional convenience in the beginning and then SIF emerged later as a major fashion trend with the popularity of sportive look. This trend became stronger with the global spread of American popular culture. SIF eventually became high fashion with collaboration between sportswear industry and designers. This study confirmed that SIF reflects the characteristics of many sports games in silhouettes, colors, and details. It is predicted that sports will continue to be an important source of inspiration for fashion designers.