• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.275-288
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform an economic analysis and estimate the fee for the practices that carried out by Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) using relative value scale (RVS) and its conversion factor. Methods: First, we developed ENP's RVS for 25 advanced nursing services based on ENP's workload and its time spent by survey. A cost analysis was performed to evaluate the conversion factor of ENP's RVS. The share of ENP's contribution to fee-for-service in emergency setting was also analyzed. Results: Calculation of the RVS of 25 advanced nursing practices showed a range of points from 73.4 to 296.3 and an average of 145.1 points. The relevant conversion factor for advanced nursing practices among ENP was estimated at 12.2~15.9 won. The contribution rate of ENP's advanced nursing practices in the relative value scale of the national health insurance was estimated at 13.1~17.0%. Conclusion: The practices of ENP are not compensated separately and its reimbursement is usually included in physician fee. An estimation of nursing fee and an independent fee related to ENP's services shows the contribution rate to total revenue. It suggests that emergency nurse practitioners be considered as a revenue source the in emergency room.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.254-258
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to characterize the indoor-outdoor relationship of airborne pollutants and recognize probable sources in inside and outside individual apartments in Seoul metropolitan. Simultaneous air monitoring in inside and outside of the 16 Korean Apartments classified into 2groups: less than 1 year old and more than 4 years old from October, 2004 to February, 2005were sampled f3r airborne pollutants(volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, respiratory particles, carbon dioxide and bacteria) using the Korean Indoor Air Quality Official Method. The concentrations of $CO_2$, TVOCs, HCHO, bacteria and PM10 in the less than 1 year old apartments were determined to be $773.6{\pm}422.3ppm$, $4,393.8{\pm}2,758.2{\mu}g/m^3$, $98.0{\pm}56.4{\mu}g/m^3$, $254.0{\pm}186.3CFU/m^3$ and $31.7{\pm}14.8{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, Also, the concentrations of those in the more than 4 years old apartments were determined to be $798.9{\pm}266.5ppm$, $792.7{\pm}398.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $70.0{\pm}30.7{\mu}g/m^3$, $245.6{\pm}122.0CFU/m^3$, $49.7f28.7{\pm}g/m^3$, respectively. The average ratios of the indoor and outdoor concentrations of $CO_2$, TVOCs, HCHO, bacteria and PM10 were 2.2, 3.6, 3.1, 3.9 and 1.4, respectively. These results of this analysis is suggested that $CO_2$, TVOCs, HCHO, bacteria and PM10 in indoor air are both emitted from source within the apartment environment and partly come from outdoor air. With the above considerations in mind, it is suggested that the research for source contribution of indoor air pollutants should be expanded and the detailed interpretation of the results on these needed further study(using principal component analysis(PCA).

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2000

The analysis of stable carbon isotope ratios for benthic fauna was applied to identify the source of carbon in benthic food webs in Youngil Bay, Korea. The ${\delta}^{13}$C values of 9 invertebrate species collected in this area showed a narrow range between -20.5 and -16.3%$_o$ with a mean of-18.1 (${\pm}$1.1)"%$_o$. The results suggest that the major source of organic carbon for the benthic fauna of the lower estuarine reaches and the oceanic sites is autochthonous marine particulate organic matter. The contribution of organic matter from terrestrial and riverine sources to the diet of the benthic fauna in this area appears to be minor, despite the considerable inflow of riverine waters.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

We report the results of extensive mixed mode simulations and theoretical analysis to quantify the contribution of the edge direct tunneling (EDT) current on the total gate leakage current of 80nm NMOSFET with SiO2 gate dielectric. It is shown that EDT has a profound impact on basic analog circuit building blocks such as sample-hold (S/H) circuit and the current mirror circuit. A transistor design methodology with zero gate-source/drain overlap is proposed to mitigate the EDT effect. This results in lower voltage droop in S/H application and better current matching in current mirror application. It is demonstrated that decreasing the overlap length also improves the basic analog circuit performance metrics of the transistor. The transistor with zero gate-source/drain overlap, results in better transconductance, input resistance, output resistance, intrinsic gain and unity gain transition frequency.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.951-957
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• 1994

We present a new model for the series resistance of inverted-staggered amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film transistors (TFT's) by employing the current spreading under the source and the drain contacts as well as the space charge limited current model. The calculated results based on our model have been in good agreements with the measured data over a wide range of applied voltage, gate-to-source and gate-to-drain overlap length, channel length, and operating temperature. Our model shows that the contribution of the series resistances to the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the a-Si TFT in the linear regime is more significant at low drain and high gate voltages, for short channel and small overlap length, and at low operating temperature, which have been verified successfully by the experimental measurements.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.882-889
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine contribution of specific foods to absolute intake and between-person variation in nutrients consumed by 2037 adults living in Korean rural area using one day 24-hour recall method. To measure contribution of food to absolute nutrient intake, all foods consumed were ranked by percentages calculated as the sum of the nutrient intake contributed by a given food divided by the total nutrient intake from al categories. To assess between-person variability in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used with total nutrient intake from al foods as the dependent variable and the nutrient amount from each of all foods as independent variables. The kind and the number of foods necessary to account for the variation in nutrient intake among persons varied significantly depending on the nutrient. The nutrients contributing more than 80% of total intake with a few number of food items were ${\beta}$-carotene(ll), vitamin C(15) and vitamin A(16). Foods sometimes overlooked as important sources were found in some instances to be quantitatively important to population intake. Even though rice and Korean cabbage kimchi do not contain much nutrients in quantity, they made a major contribution to most nutrient intake of subjects because of large serving size and high frequency of intake. The food items and contributing order for between person variance was different from those of absolute intake. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population was explained by a small number of foods. Fewer foods were required to explain a given proportion of the between-person variance in intake than to account for the same proportion of the popylation\`s total intake. These data may be useful in the development of dietary assessment instrument and in nutrition education. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 882-889, 2000)

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.983-992
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study is to analyze pollutant runoff characteristics from non-point sources in Joman River basin. The present study contains analyzed results of rainfall and SS, BOD, COD, TN, TP runoff from Joman River basin. This study contains a sensitivity analysis of parameters that affect the simulation results of rainfall and pollutants runoff. Result of the sensitivity analysis shows that proportion of watershed and impervious areas is the most sensitive to peak discharge and total flowrate for rainfall runoff and that WASHPO is the most sensitive parameter for pollutants runoff. For parameter estimation and verification, flowrate and water quality is measured at the Kangdong Bridge in Haeban stream. A single rainfall event is use to perform parameter estimation and verification. Results of the present study show that total pollutant loads of Joman River basin is 11,600 ton of SS, 452 ton of BOD, 1,084 ton of COD, 515 ton of TN, and 49 ton of TP, respectively. In addition, it is found that contribution ratio of non point source and total source is 89% of SS, 63% of BOD, 61% of COD, 21% of TN, and 32% of TP, respectively.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.478-488
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• 2021

본 연구는 노년기 경제적 불평등을 2007년부터 2018년까지의 한국복지패널조사 자료에서 지니계수와 10분위 분배율로 노인의 소득불평등 기여도의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과 전체소득의 지니계수는 2007년 0.430, 2018년 0.383으로 점진적으로 불평등이 줄어들고 있었다. 또한, 소득분위가 높아질수록 소득증가율이 높아졌다. 시간이 지남에 따라 시장소득 불평등은 증가하였고 공적이전소득과 사적이전소득의 불평등은 감소하였다. 전체소득에 대한 소득구조의 불평등 기여도 분석결과, 시간이 지남에 따라 사적이전소득의 불평등 완화 역할을 공적이전소득이 대체하고 있었다. 노인의 기초생활유지를 위한 공적이전소득의 확대는 사적이전소득의 구축효과에도 불구하고 중요한 노인 소득원이며, 노인의 소득구조의 구성요소인 시장소득, 공적이전소득, 사적이전소득은 상호 전체소득을 보완하는 성격이 있어 노인의 소득불평등을 완화하는데 기여한 소득원을 파악하여 정책에 반영하는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2010

The reduction of the vehicle interior noise has been the main interest of noise and vibration harshness(NVH) engineers. A passenger vehicle has various and complicated transmission paths of sound and vibration. In order to identify the mechanism of transfer path, estimation of excitation force and exact modeling of transfer path are required. This paper presents method for estimating the noise source contribution on the road noise of the vehicle in a multiple input system where the input sources may be coherent with each other. And vector synthesis technique is employed to identify the characteristics of road noise and its transmission to vehicle compartment through noise and vibration analysis. Vibration reduction efficiency of each transfer path is evaluated by comparing individual vector components obtained virtual simulation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.649-661
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• 2024

최근 들어 가뭄 등으로 인해 발전용댐 용수공급의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 발전용댐을 통한 용수공급을 위해서는 발전용댐으로의 유입량을 우선적으로 평가하여야 한다. 이는 한강유역의 발전용댐 중 일부는 다목적댐 하류에 위치하고 있어 발전용댐의 자체 유입량 분석이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 한강유역에 위치한 발전용댐으로의 수원별 유입량 기여도를 평가하기 위해 국내 다양한 기관에서 제공되는 물이용 관련 자료를 조사·수집하였고, 위치기반 물수급 네트워크를 구축하였다. 기존 국내의 물수지 분석방법과는 다르게 운송손실량을 고려하여 모의한 결과를 대표지점의 관측유량과 비교한 적합도 평가 결과 NSE 0.95~0.99, 상관계수는 0.98~0.99로 분석방법의 적용성을 확인하였다. 시설물의 취수방식과 잔여 다목적댐수의 방류방식에 따라 4개의 경우를 가정하여 물수지 분석을 수행함으로써 각 발전용댐으로 유입되는 수원별 기여도를 평가하여 제시하였다. 이는 향후 발전용댐의 용수공급능력 평가에 다양한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.