• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2016.06a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 스테레오 채널 신호 간 강도비를 이용하여 음원을 분리하는 EADRess 알고리즘과 부분기반 표현을 특징으로 한 비음수 행렬 인수분해를 통해 음원을 분리하는 NMF 가 결합된 새로운 음원분리 알고리즘을 제안한다. 입력 오디오 신호로부터 frequency-azimuth 평면 구성을 통해 식별된 방위각에 상응하는 신호 강도비로 표현되는 확률밀도함수를 이용하여 1 단계 음원분리를 수행하고, 얻어진 개별 분리음원을 대상으로 supervised NMF 및 Wiener 필터 기반 마스킹 함수를 적용함으로써 잔류 혼합성분을 제거하는 2 단계 음원분리를 수행한다. 제안된 EADRess/NMF 결합 음원분리 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 SASSEC 에서 제공하는 테스트 음원을 이용하여 측정한 결과, 개별 음원분리 알고리즘에 비해 SIR 이 각각 1.41dB, 10.43dB 향상된 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.111-114
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 다양한 스테레오 환경에서도 정확한 음원 위치 추정이 가능한 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 음원 위치 추정 방법은 방향성을 가지고 있는 주성분 신호와 방향성이 없는 주변 성분으로 구성된 스테레오 환경에서만 음원의 위치 추정이 가능했다. 그러나 현재 제공되고 있는 스테레오 신호는 방향성을 가지는 다수의 음원으로 구성되어있고, 기존의 음원 위치 추정 방법으로는 정확한 음원 위치 추정이 어렵다. 이와 같은 문제 때문에 다수의 음원을 분리한 뒤, 음원의 위치를 추정하는 방법이 제안되었다. 그러나 음원의 분리 과정에서 생기는 분리 오차가 커서 음원 위치 추정이 정확하지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 정확한 음원 위치 추정을 위하여 음원 분리와 음원 위치 추정이 통합된 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 음원 위치를 기존의 방법보다 정확하게 추정하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

This paper presents an active acoustic-reflection control algorithm based on a single sensor. The proposed algorithm operates in a system comprising a single sensor located nearby the reflective surface and a control transducer mounted on the reflective surface. First, the incident and reflected acoustic signals are separated from the sensor signal, and a control signal is generated using the separated signals. For the signal separation, the proposed algorithm requires the response of the reflection path which is estimated from the acoustic response between an external sound source and the sensor. Finally, the control filter is adjusted using the FxLMS (Filtered-x Least Mean Square) algorithm. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it was implemented in real time using a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) board, and the experimental results obtained in one-dimensional air-acoustic environment show that the reflections of the 1 kHz burst can be reduced by 11.6 dB.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.32-41
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• 1999

In this paper, an inversion method using chirp signals and two near field receivers is proposed. Inversion problems can be formulated into the probabilistic models composed of signals, a forward model and noise. Forward model to simulate chirp signals is chosen to be the source-wavelet-convolution planewave modeling method. The solution of the inversion problem is defined by a posteriori pdf. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm can be applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L₂norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. The observed signals can be separated into a set of two signals reflected from the upper and lower boundaries of a sediment. The separation of signals and successive applications of the genetic algorithm optimization process reduce the search space, therefore improving the inversion results. Not only the marginal pdf but also the statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. The examples applied here show that, for synthetic data with noise, it is possible to carry out an inversion for sedimentary layers using the proposed inversion method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.415-419
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• 2017

In recent years there have been large increases in the hydraulic loading rates used to design dissolved air flotation (DAF) facilities for drinking water applications. High rate DAF processes are now available at loading rates of 20 to $40m^3/m^2{\cdot}h$. This research evaluated dissolved air flotation as a separation method for algae and organic compounds from water treatment plants. During the service period of 2016. 5. to 2017. 6., DAF pilot plants ($500m^3/day$) process has shown a constantly sound performance for the treatment of raw water, yielding a significantly low level of turbidity (DAF treated water, 0.21~1.56 NTU). As a result of analyzing the algae cell counts in the influent source, it was expressed at 100-120 cells/mL. In DAF treated water, the removal efficient of alge cell counts was found to be upto 90%. The stable turbidity and algae removal were confirmed by operating the high rate DAF process under the condition of the surface loading rate of $30m^3/m^2{\cdot}hr$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

Due to the complicated plan structure of the apartment units and the improved room-to-room sound insulation performance, it is difficult to communicate and recognize the fire situation by emergency broadcast equipment. In this study, speech intelligibility was measured and analyzed for three types of apartment unit by emergency broadcast equipment on various measurement points. Simulations were also conducted to improve the speech intelligibility. As a result of field measurements 72, 84, and 101 Type were not satisfied with NFSC standard of 90 dBA at the point of 1 m distance from source. In addition, it was evaluated that 75 dBA and CIS 0.7 of NFPA standard was not satisfied at all measurement points except for the 72 Type at living room point with door opened condition. Based on the door opened condition of the bedroom, it satisfied the NFPA of 75 dBA and CIS 0.7 in each bedroom when more than 90 dBA was satisfied at the 1 m separation point provided in NFSC standard.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

When carrying out development projects around Ardeidae breeding habitats, we intend to devise a plan for sustainable coexistence by presenting measures to select and reduce key evaluation items so that conflicts can be prevented in advance at the environmental impact assessment stage. The results of the study are as follows. The main evaluation items are animal and plant items for preservation of Ardeidae breeding habitats and odor and noise items that can evaluate the effects of odors and noise in Ardeidae breeding habitats. First, the scope of the survey in animals and plants categories is not limited to legal guardian species, but includes egrets breeding and feeding grounds corresponding to major species breeding grounds and migratory birds, and preservation measures are established according to the reduction of the area of breeding and feeding grounds. Second, in the odor category, the irradiation period includes the period when the odor generation is the highest from the end of June to the end of July. The odor evaluation standard is based on the complex odor discharge standard, which is a concentration regulation, and the odor concentration felt by humans shall be 2 to 5OU/m³ and the frequency shall be 2% or less. Third, in the noise category, the timing of the survey is measured every month from May to August, including when the sound of egrets and young birds is combined to maximize noise generation. Since the noise of Ardeidae, a bird in summer, occurs only for a certain period of time, measures are taken to reduce noise by securing separation distances, securing buffer green areas, and installing construction rather than installing artificial structures such as soundproof walls. In order for existing Ardeidae breeding sites to maintain an appropriate density of populations and not move populations elsewhere, it is necessary to manage nesting tree and maintain stable habitat quantity and quality.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2002

It's not easy to renew old brand of over 50 years history to the tastes of new consumer of our time. Most of national brands that has a history of some 20 years in Korea have strove for continuation and growth of brand to no avails, which can be taken as a good example of current situation. For instance, C company, one of the National brand of US which has a history of 51 years, has made its position secure as a fashion group and based itself on a sound foundation by establishing new marketing strategy and completing successful brand renewal in the process of strategic M&A with Italian company. Those successful marketing strategies are as follows. 1) they regarded both market and consumer oriented marketing activity as company's highest priority strategy and put great emphasis upon concentration on target market and reestablishment of brand image of business casual wear. 2) Setting up and operating planning team composed of merchandizer alone in Milano, they set the direction of plan on the basis of concentrated research on potential item in market according to thorough market research done by buying office in Korea, branch office in Hong Kong and buyer in US prior to blueprint planning for season. 3) Great emphasis was placed on business which focused on intensive presentation of basic key item for apparel career women who are main consumer group in the midium-low prices market in US and on supplementation of size and color. they named this line 'collectibles' and helped their customer develop their own clothes plan without worrying about the change of color and fabric by supporting same fabric and color throughout the year and enabled them to add variation easily by supplementing new trend item. 4) Company set black as a main color that lots of apparel career women find easy to care and to express their own image and presented them with pebble which belongs to navy and beige and added fashion color such as wine and brown etc as season goes by. They constructed basic line in order for their customers to coordinate purchased item with new one or to add them to present collection, and to achieve efficient sale by setting up strategy which allows this cross coordination and changing pattern occasionally. 5) Though basic jacket for 99$, short slim skirt for 49$ are products within midium-low prices range, in the material planning stage aiming at production of item that has both resonable function appealing to consumer and is fashionable, synthetic material had to be used as a main source due to price competitiveness. Despite this situation, considering comfortable sense of fit and refined drape of silhouette that has no sign of cheap material, whole collectible line was divided into two items, which contributed to reduction of cost. In case of material that is composed of triacetate and polyester in 70 to 30 ratio, was used up to 4 million yard, which allowed drastic curtailment of cost accompanied by concentration. In case of 'collectibles' line, using Korean material mainly, C company chose to have their product sewed in Southeast Asian countries where transportation is well developed and both productivity and quality verified by operating global production system which aiming at cutdown of cost through outsourcing production from the country where labor cost is low and getting finished product. Polarization between present consumers telling us that consumers with the mind of middle classes in the past no longer exists between consumers who seek after only fine article of highest quality and wise consumers who are sensible enough to judge bubble on correlation between price and quality. To cope with this change in new consumer mind, apparel makes changing their policy so as to produce item that has reasonable quality and falls within affordable price range anywhere in the world. and they're striving to get out of difficult situation by operating global marketing strategy which stresses separation of planning, production and sale and sensibility of fashion shared worldwide. The marketing strategy of C company can be exemplified as a successful one.