• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify HACCP-based CCP and CP from the microbial quality assessment on the process of side dish (stir-fried dried-shrimp with garlic stems) production in the meal service operation for the elderly. Total plate counts (TPC) of fresh garlic stalks were $7.80{\times}10^{3}$ CFU/g and they were above the standard value of microbial growth potential. The TPC, Coliform and E.coli were not detected in the dried shrimps. The TPCs after rinsing and slicing the garlic stems were $2.5{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g and $5.5{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g, respectively. The TPC number of cook’s hand and cutting board were also exceeded the standard limit with values of $2.2{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g and $10.0{\times}10$ CFU/g, respectively. However, the TPC, Coliform and E.coli were not detected in the other cooking instruments. The identified CCP in inspection step was fresh garlic stems and that of prepreparation step was slicing the stems after blanching. Cook’s hand and cutting board were also verified as CCP and the other steps in cooking process and utensils tested were identified as CP’s. These result’s suggest that it is important to control the microbial contamination of raw materials at purchasing step and the sanitary education program should be developed for the employees for continuous supplement of safe and sound meal service for the elderly.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1995

The resident attitude for preservation and development of amenity in Eulsuk island and its downstream area at estuary of Nakdong river in Korea were investigated by the questionnaires and the field surveys. Based on the results, the characteristics of this study area are the natural ecological preservation area, natural environmental preservation area and curtural assets for migratory birds. And there are a estuary bank, a Dadae beach and a Molundae park. Special amenities are (1) the light (sunrise, sunset etc), (2) the water(river, sea etc.), (3) the air(fresh wind, beautiful sound etc.), (4) the land space(beautiful view, recreation field, reed area, pine forest etc.) and (5) the stream(dancing of migratory birds, water flow, folk dance, history remains etc.). But at present, the environmental qualities as health, aesthetics safety, amenity and culture are deteriorated by development. So the number of migratory birds are decreasing. The residents desired that in future this area be use for the recreation space, the park and the natural leaning fields etc, as well as the restoration of destroyed resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to propose management strategies through aesthetic landscape assessments for landscape units in the Han River riparian(HRR) area. First, this research reclassified the HRR into "natural," "artificial," "agricultural," and mixed landscape types and selected 37 representative case areas(about $1km{\times}1km$). This study found 71 landscape units in consideration of topography and land surface classification. Landscape assessment consisted of landscape quality and landscape integration assessment. The criteria for assessing landscape quality were "naturalness," "interest," "uniqueness," and "landscape function." "Landscape quality" was ranked into five grades using a matrix. The landscape integration assessment consisted of an inner integration assessment in each landscape unit and outer integration assessment among landscape units. As a result of the field study, case sites were found to have 4,288 landscape units and an area of $42.8km^2$. The forest area was found to have the most space with $11,580,905m^2$(27.1%), while the wet lands had just $52,348m^2$(0.1%). In the landscape quality assessment, about 30.5% of the total area consisted of landscape units that scored highest in "naturalness". In the landscape integration assessment, about 39.3% of the total area consisted of landscape units which scored highest in "integration", denoting visual interrelation and harmony. The existence of disparities in landscape quality in accordance with the form of the landscaping was determined using a Oneway ANOVA, with "naturalistic" landscaping scoring the highest and "artificial" landscaping scoring lowest. This study may contribute to making the HRR area a more ecologically sound and visually attractive landscape space. It is recommended that the aesthetical and ecological value of the landscape unit should be assessed simultaneously in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

This study aims to analyze the objectives of environmental education in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) factors used EIA in 'ecology and environment' textbook, and finally to analyze the situation and contents level of EIA domain in textbook to explore the possibility of the positive availability of EIA domain in high school for realization of effective ESD. To analyze the objectives of environmental education in EIA and ESD factors used EIA, researchers used the text, the activity and the teaching tip in three kinds of 'ecology and environment' textbook by the 7th curricula as the object of analysis. Framework to analyze the objectives of environmental education in EIA is the category of environmental education objectives of UNESCO presented according to 'Tbilisi Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education' and framework to analyze ESD factors used EIA is developed on the basis of the theory about EIA and ESD factors updated in this study. In conclusion, it proves that the EIA domain through the activity is effective for realization of ESD. According to the analysis of the study, it is proposed that the follow-up studies on the improvement of EIA domain in textbook in both quality and quantity as well as 'the teaching & learning methods and various development of teaching materials, etc: based on the emphasis on the activity are needed to progress steadily for realization of effective ESD in high school in the future.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2011

The reduced frequency selectivity is a typical phenomenon of sensorineural hearing loss. In this paper, we compared two modeling methods for reduced frequency selectivity of hearing impaired people. The two models of reduced frequency selectivity were made using LPC(linear prediction coding) algorithm and bandwidth control algorithm based on ERB(equivalent rectangular bandwidth) of auditory filter, respectively. To compare the effectiveness of two models, we compared the result of PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) and LLR(log likelihood ratio) using 36 Korean words of two syllables. To verify the effect on noise condition, we mixed white and babble noise with 0dB and -3dB SNR to speech words. As the result, it is confirmed that the PESQ score of bandwidth control algorithm is higher than the score of LPC algorithm, on the other hands, and the LLR score of LPC algorithm is lower than the score of bandwidth control algorithm. It means that both non-linearity and widen auditory filter characteristics caused by reduced frequency selectivity could be more reflected in bandwidth control algorithm than in LPC algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.109-122
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• 2001

This study was performed to identify the roles of residents for the environmentally sound and sustainable development, taco-polis(kologisches Bauen), eco-village and Symbiotic Housing. These buildings will achieve energy efficiency through design strategies such as passive solar heating system, natural cooling and day lighting. Their infrastructure will feature parking on the periphery, extensive pedestrian paths, outdoor ground lights that preserve stellar visibility, and environmentally sensitive technologies such as low writer use fixtures. And they will restore biodiversity while protecting the wildlife, wetlands, forests, soil, air and water. Their houses wile be designed to support home-based occupations, offering high-speed Internet access and other options to promote a localized, sustainable economy. To support and encourage the evolution of sustainable settlements, it is necessary to prepare constructing the physical facilities and the social functions relating with residents. The roles of residents are important to provide a high Quality lifestyle and to integrate a supportive social environment with a low-impact way of life. This study concluded the four main roles of residents for the sustainable of Eco-polis and Ecovillage. 1. Residents assist transition towards a sustainable society as eco-conscious consumers in the planning stage. 2. Residents live in a ecological way for the sustainable ecovillage. 3. Residents exchange information and education for increasing the community glue as a communication network. 4. Residents support and transmit their cultural vitality and tradition for the next generation. So, users are expected to encourage resident's participation in the planning, design, ongoing management and maintenance of the sustainable ecovillage.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

To propose a sound direction for river rehabilitation plan, the naturalness of the river must be evaluated. In this study, the conventional methods for evaluating the naturalness of rivers proposed by Park, et al. has been improved to estimate the weights for each items subject to assessment and applied adequate Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To estimate the weights, survey was conducted on a group of 83 experts in Civil and Environmental Engineering with a customized questionnaire. The results of the survey were generalized and used to estimate the weights of each items. Among the 14 evaluation items that have been generated as a result of the estimation, a total of 7 weight values such as water quality, variations in water flow, vegetation around minor bed, curve of waterway, vegetation around flood plain, variety in minor bed width, and diversity of stream bed materials appeared to be high. The improved method for evaluating the naturalness of rivers was applied to Hoe-ya River, where the method has successfully discriminated the sections having low degree of naturalness. The proposed assessment method can be employed as a criterion to determine the business zones in the river environment maintenance projects.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-48
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• 1993

International concern over the environmental pollution is ever increasing, and diversified countermeasures must be devised in Korea also. Global trend, damages, problems and countermeasures with respect to issues mentioned in the Rio Declaration, such as prevention of ozone layer destruction, reduction of migratory atmospheric pollution between neighboring countries, and prevention of global greenhouse effect, were discussed in this report. Conclusion of the report is summarized as follows : A. Measurement, Planning and Monitoring (1) Development and implementation of a global network for measurement and monitoring from the global aspects such factors as related to acid rain(Pioneer substances, pH, sulfate, nitrate), effect of global temperature(Air temperature, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, CFC, $N_2O$) and destruction of ozone layer($CFC_S$). (2) Establishment of network system via satellite monitoring movement of regional air mass, damage on the ozone layer and ground temperature distribution. B. Elucidation of Present State (1) Improvement and development of devices for carbon circulation capable of accurately forecasting input and output of carbon. (2) Developmental research on chemical reactions of greenhouse gas in the air. (3) Improvement and development of global circulation model(GCM) C. Impact Assessment Impact assessment on ecosystem, human body, agriculture, floodgate, land use, coastal ecology, industries, etc. D. Preventive Measures and Technology Development (1) Development and consumption of new energy (2) Development of new technology for removal of pioneer substances (3) Development of substitute matter for $CFC_S$ (4) Improvement of agriculture and forestry means to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (5) Improvement of housing to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (6) Development of new technology for probing underground water (7) Preservation of forest (8) Biomass 5. Policy Development (1) Development of strategy model (2) Development of long term forecast model (3) Development of penalty charge effect and expense evaluation methods (4) Feasibility study on regulations By establishing the above mentioned measures for environmentally sound and sustainable development to establish the right to live for humankind and to preserve the one and only earth.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.381-387
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• 2010

Both timbral features and spatial features are important in the assessment of multichannel audio coding systems. The prediction model, extending the ITU-R Rec. BS. 1387-1 to multichannel audio coding systems, with the use of spatial features such as ITDDist (Interaural Time Difference Distortion), ILDDist (Interaural Level Difference Distortion), and IACCDist (InterAural Cross-correlation Coefficient Distortion) was proposed by Choi et al. In that model, ITDDistswere only computed for low frequency bands (below 1500Hz), and ILDDists were computed only for high frequency bands (over 2500Hz) according to classical duplex theory. However, in the high frequency range, information in temporal envelope is also important in spatial perception, especially in sound localization. A new model to compute the ITD distortions of temporal envelopes in high frequency components is introduced in this paper to investigate the role of such ITD on spatial perception quantitatively. The computed ITD distortions of temporal envelopes in high frequency components were highly correlated with perceived sound quality of multichannel audio sounds.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2012

We need to analyze the ecological characteristics in the basin of agricultural reservoir that include urbanized area, agricultural area and fringe area, etc. The purpose of this study is not only that presenting the methods of basin ecosystem management but also suggesting ecosystem management plan proposals for the water quality based on analysis of ecological characteristics. As the results of analysis, the urbanized area(the ratio of area(ROA): 14.0%) is most likely to possibility of water pollution, then followed by paddy fields(ROA: 65.5%) where a wide spread up-basin(or up-stream), farmlands(ROA: 11.3%), farm buildings(ROA: 5.7%) and orchard(ROA: 3.9%). According to those, we investigated the impact degree of water pollutants. Thus, we were able to classify 5 types through considering the biotope assessment and the hydrosphere basin assessment, i.e. the level of priority control for source pollution. As a result, the source pollution intensive management area(11.3%) where are adjacent waterfront has caused water pollution, however, most importantly, it is necessary to control in source pollution management area(0.6%) that are away from waterfront. In conclusion, according to the these results, the plan of basin ecosystem management for the water quality should be included the plan of ecosystem conservation and restoration such as improving inhabitants function, controling environmentally sound basin management, promoting biodiversity.