• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of application level of animal manure on the nitrate nitrogen concentration, sugar content and animal intake of forage sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Pionee. 988) in 1995. The application amount of animal manure were 50, 100 and 150MT in cattle manure, 20, 40 and 80MT in swine manure, and 10, 20 and 40MT/ha in poultry manure. Non-application plot(control) was involved. The nitrate nitrogen concentration was increased with increasing of application level of animal manure(P<0.05). Average nitrate nitrogen concentration was 397, 512, and 609mg/kg at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The nitrate nitrogen concentration by plant height was 438mg/kg at 50~60m of plant height, 454mg at 100~120cm, and 418mg at 200~220cm. The nitrate nitrogen concentration of stems was 376mg, and significantly higher than that(135mg) of leaves(P<0.05) regardless of animal manure type, and lower parts of stems and leaves were significantly higher than those of upper parts of plants(P<0.05). Average nitrate nitrogen concentration of leaves was 151mg at lower, and 58mg at upper parts of plants, and the concentration of stems was 357mg at lower, 511mg at middle, and 610mg at upper parts of plants. The sugar contents of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid was decreased with increasing of application level of animal manure(P<0.05). Average sugar content was 4.9, 4.4, and 4.3。 at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The sugar content by plant height was 3.9。 at 50~60 and 100~120cm of plant height, and 6.1。 at 200~220cm of plant height. Animal intake of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid was decreased greatly with increasing of application level of animal manure. Average intake was 73.9, 55.7, and 52.3% at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The intake by animal manure type was 73.7% in cattle, 59.7% in swine and 62.5% in poultry manure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 1983

The purpose of this experiment was to find out fundamental data for the cultivation of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were investigated with 3-levels of nitrogen application,15, 25, 35kg per 10a during the period of initial growth from the 8th leaf emergence to the late blooming stage. The results obtained were as follows: Leaf emergence increased as growth progressed and in the same pattern at all N-levels. After the heading stage, the value was 15 at all N-levels. Leaf area index (LAI) increased as growth progressed and rapidly till the booting stage. At 15kg N-level the values were larger till the ear formation stage, and at 35tg N-level the values were larger than other N-levels after the booting stage. At the late blooming stage LAI reached 8.13 at 35kg N-level. The value of dry matter accumulation was the highest at 35kg N-level at the late blooming stage, and as was the same in the value of crop growth rate (CGR). There was a tendency that before the booting stage the enlargement of leaf area contributed to dry matter accumulation and after the booting stage did the increase of net assimilation rate (NAR) .

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 1996

To obtain basic information on forage sorghum F$_1$ hybrid breeding a total of 16 lines were selected from 311 introduced sorghum germplasm accessions, assessed and classified by the taxonomic distance and principal component analysis. The lines of which plant height and morphological characters were diverse and the 50% flowering date was similar to each other, were selected for parental lines in sorghum $\times$ sweet sorghum and sorghum $\times$ sudangrass crossing groups. Three varietal groups were classified by the average linkage cluster analysis based on the D$^2$ computed in eleven characters. Group I, II and III included 6 lines of sudangrass, 4 lines of sweet sorghum and 6 lines of grain sorghum, respectively. In the result of principal component analysis for eleven characters, about 82% of total variation could be appreciated by the first four principal components, the first principal component was highly loaded with head compactness and shape, l00-seed weight, plant color and grain covering, the second principal component with flowering date, plant height and awnness.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the effect of chemical fertilizer and two fermented types of pig slurry on the total dry matter yield and quality of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and chemical properties of soil after harvest in Jeju area. Three treatments consisted of chemical fertilizer (CF) 200kg 7kg Nha $^1$, aerobic fermented pig slurry (PS)200kg 7kg Nha $^1$, and aerobic fermented pig slurry treated with probiotics (PS+P) 200kg 7kg Nha $^1$were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The heights of plant applied fermented pig slurry were slightly taller than those of plants applied chemical fertilizer during early growing stage, but there was no difference among treatments when the plants were harvested. The total forage dry matter yields were in the range of 14,848~ 15,42kg/ha, but they were not significantly different. Also, CP, NDF, ADF and mineral contents in the forage(% of DM basis) did not differ among treatments. The pH of soil was ranged from 5.35 to 5.63, but it was not significantly different. However, the content of available $P_2O_5$ of soil was higher(P<0.05) in chemical fertilizer treatment than that of soil in fermented pig slurry treatments. The content of K was higher(p<0.05) when ffrrmented pig slurry treated with probiotics was applied after the 1st harvest. but it was not different among treatments after the and harvest.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the selection of regional double cropping system for production of organic forage in middle part of Korea. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were corn, $sorghum\;{\times}\;sudangrass$ hybrid and japanese millet for summer crops and rye and Italian ryegrass for winter crops. $Sorghum\;{\times}\;sudangrass$ hybrid showed higher DM (dry matter) and TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield than that of corn. Dry matter yield of corn decreased to 56% that of control because of weed. In winter crops, DM and TDN yield of rye is higher than that of Italian ryegrass. Rye was more adequate to produce organic forage in middle part of Korea. We could not find out the difference of nutrient value between each treatments. It means that the amount of nutrient is affected by DM productivity of each crop. The result of this study indicated that $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrid (summer crop) and rye (winter crop) cropping system could be recommended as producing high yield of organic forage in middle part of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2002

A field trial was conducted from May to November 2000 at four regions of Jeju province(Jeju, Seogwipo, Susan Seongsan and Keumak Hallim) to estimate adaptation, dry matter yield and nutrient value of kenafs(Everglades 41 and China Choung-pi 3) and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Pioneer 947). Total dry matter(DM) yields of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid Pioneer 947, kenaf Everglades 41 and kenaf China Chong-pi 3 were 7,313, 4,653 and 5,238 kg/ha(P<0.05), respectively, kenaf China Chong-pi 3 being the highest. The region specific dry matter(DM) yields of Jeju, Seogwipo, Seongsan and Hallim area were 5,040, 5,663, 7,283 and 4,950kg/ha, respectively, showing that Seogwipo was the highest. Average DM yields of two kenaf varieties were 4,946, and 3,246 kg/ha for 1st time-cutting and 2nd time-cutting, respectively. The average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf was significantly higher in the 1st time-cutting than the 2nd time. No significant difference in neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents was found among three varieties. The average crude protein(CP) content of kenaf was higher than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(P<0.05) and was higher in 2nd time-cutting than in 1st time-cutting(P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the heavy metal content of soil either between the sorghum hybrid and kenafs or between two kenaf varieties. In conclusion, the average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf was lower than that of sorghum hybrid, Contrarily the crude protein(CP) content of kenafs was higher than that of the sorghum hybrid. The average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf showed higher in 1st time-cutting than 2nd time-cutting, while the crude protein(CP) content of kenafs decreased with time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1988

This study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting frequency and cutting height on agronomic characteristics and yield performance of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, cv. Pioneer 855 F on the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station, Suweon. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The relative contribution of leaf component to total yield was higher when the plants were cut frequently rather than when defoliated only a few times, and tend to be higher with high cutting. 2. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was the highest at the primary growth of two cutting times scheme and the first regrowth for three or four cutting times a year, but LAI, in general, was not related to cutting height. 3. Crop Growth Rate was the heighest at the first regrowth-plants grown in summer, and it was also related to the amount of stubble left at the previous cut. 4. Dead stubbles were not occurred when plants were cut before heading, but those were accompanied by the frequent and low cutting. 5. Total fresh fodder and dry matter yield were the highest at two times cut a year, and decreased with frequent cutting. The optimum cutting height at two times cut was ca. lOCm height stubble from the ground level, but yield increased with higher level cutting at the three or four times cut a year.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1986

To determine the effects of soil moisture on diurnal changes of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal resistance, sorghum and soghum-sudangrass hybrid were grown at large concrete pots maintained at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of field moisture capacity. Photosynthesis were measured from a.m. 6 to p.m. 6 on a fine day. 1. Photosynthesis and transpiration reacted similarly to water stress and environmental factors, and they reached at their maximum points from noon to 2 p.m. and decreased sharply after 4 p.m. 2. Photosynthesis and transpiration of sorghum were higher at 60% field moisture capacity than those of the other field moisture capacities. In sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, photosynthesis was in the order of 60>80>40>100% and transpiration was in the order of 60>80>100>40%. 3. Stomatal resistance did not show clear diurnal change and was the lowest at 60% among four field moisture capacities.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the soil characteristics of newly reclaimed tidal land and the effect of green manure crops on soil properties. Summer green manure crops such as sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora), barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) and sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) were cultivated at Hwaong, Ewon, Saemangeum and Yongsangang area. Soil pH of reclaimed tidal land was relatively high, but organic matter and available phosphorus contents were lower compared to the optimum range for common upland crops. Soil nutrient contents were unbalanced for upland crop growth. Yield of green manure crops had a wide spatial variation. Nitrogen content in green manure crops was the greater in Sesbania and it was estimated that major nutrient ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$) supply amount were 150-40-370, 220-50-170 and 140-50-250 $kg\;ha^{-1}$ from sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid, sesbania and barnyard grass, respectively. Based on these results, desalination is required to grow the upland crops at newly reclaimed tidal lands and management practices are necessary to reduce the salt damage by resalinization during the growing seasons. To improve the productivity and increase the nutrient utilization rate, soil physicochemical properties need to be improved to the level for upland crops by application of organic matter and fertilizer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to determine on the growth characteristics, yield and palatability in mono-cropping(T1; sorghum $\times$ sudagrass hybrid, T2; soybean) and inter-cropping[T3; sorghum $\times$ sudagrass hybrid(1) + soybean(2)]. The results obtained are summarizes follows; In plant length. leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter of sorghum $\times$ sudagrass hybrid(SSH). T3(1) was lower than T1 at 1st cutting time. But in 2nd and 3rd cutting time. T3(1) was higher than T1 Stem diameter of T2 was higher than soybean of T3(2). but plant length, leaf length and leaf width of T2 were higher than T3(1). The leaf ratio of SSH in T3(1) was higher than T1 in the first cutting time, but T3(1) was higher than T1 at 2nd and 3rd cutting time. The number of tiller of T1 was higher than SSH of T3(1) at 1st cutting time, but T3(1) was higher than T1 at 2nd and 3rd cutting time. Dead stubble rate of SSH in T3(1) showed a little lower value than T1. Dry matter and fresh yield of T1 was higher than T2 and T3. But protein yield of T3 was higher than T1 The palatability of 1st cutting time was 100.0. 76.8 and $18.5\%$ on T2, T3 and T1, respectively.