• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2011

Bacterial contamination of beach sand was examined in April, June, July, and August. Twenty four topsoil and subsoil samples were taken from the 1m and 5m points from the coastline in three Busan beaches (Haeundae, Gwanganli, and Songjeong). The 5m points from the coastline showed higher coliform contamination than 1 m points. July showed the highest bacterial contamination on beaches among surveyed months. Coliform contamination in the subsoil was higher than that of the topsoil. The bacterial contamination of 5m points of topsoil and subsoil in June except the Songjeong Beach was higher than those of July and August. We investigated Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus. Only B. cereus was detected at the beach in August. Although microbiological pollution of the Gwanganli Beach was the highest among three Busan beaches, the degree of contamination was not high compared to those of other countries. However, sandy soil management in public beach for pathogenic microorganisms is needed.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.123-145
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• 2018

Maritime tourism destinations need to improve image as well as enhance competitiveness through development of new marine tourism attraction due to the decrease of the number of passengers. The maritime city is trying to combine dynamic marine leisure activities as an alternative. For this purpose, it is possible to realize clear marine tourism activation policy and improve the identity of local community through the accurate analysis of the interest of the stakeholder groups of local residents in Songjeong beach in Busan. In this study, we first analyzed the language network based on the expression language related to the conflict between the stakeholders of Songjeong beach. Second, we analyzed the individual characteristics of the structure of conflict frames of stakeholders and suggested solutions by comparing the differences and similarities between perception frames of conflict parties. Third, we distinguish and compare differences of perception among the conflict parties through the detailed frame type. Based on the relationship structure between the detailed frame types of the conflict parties, we suggested an alternative for conflict resolution by restructuring the conflicts and negative perceptions among the stakeholders.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

This research was carried out to analyze long-term shoreline change on Busan Songjeong Beach using multi-temporal remote sensed data, GPS survey data and grain size analysis. As a result of multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis, the beach was stable status till early 2000s, but the erosion occurred over whole beach after the construction of shore protection road since 2000. In the result of DEM analysis, the elevation of beach reduced and the slope of berm increased after construction of shore protection road along the coast, this means the erosion environment was dominant on the beach. But the sedimentation was slightly stronger than the erosion in northern region of the beach, then the slope of berm was gentle. In the result of grain size analysis using in-situ samples, the coarsening-trend was found in southeastern region (Line E) of the beach, it is caused by strong wave energy from the outer sea. Consequently, major causes of the beach erosion in the study area were the interception of sand supply from a dune owing to shore protection road construction and scouring phenomenon by strong wave energy in southeastern region of the beach. If the topographic or artificial change will not occur in the future, the erosion in this area will continue. Therefore the prevention measures are required.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.293-299
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• 2007

The distribution of hemolytic Vibrio sp. from sea water of three main beaches located in Busan (Gwangan(G), Haeundae(H) and Songjeong(S) beaches) was investigated from June to September 2006 ; this is mid-summer and the main season for bathing. The monthly detection ratio from each beach was 29.2% (7 of 24 samples, G), 33.3% (8 of 24 samples, H), and 16.7% (4 of 24 samples, S). The most probable number(MPN) of strains detected ranged from 1.8-36(G), 1.8-180(H) and 1.8-18(S) MPN/100mL. Of the isolated strains, 24 strains showed definite hemolytic activity. These 24 strains were identified as Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Actinobacillus ureae and Eikenella corrodens. Vibrio fluvialis was detected from all three beaches investigated. Vibrio vulnificus was detected from Haeundae and Gwangan beaches. Gwangan beach had a higher detection ratio of Vibrio sp. than Haeundae and Songjeong beaches. These results suggest that seafood harvested from the vicinity of theses beaches may cause food poisoning and risk management to prevent Vibrio septicemia is required, especially for Haeundae and Gwangan beaches.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.79-101
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of the Songieong Beach in Off-season, using a Individual Travel Cost Model(ITCM). Songieong Beach is located in Busan but far away from city. These days, however, the increased rate of traffic inflow to the Songieong beach and the five-day working week are reflected in the trend analysis. Moreover, people have changed psychological value. For that reason, visitors are on the increase on the beach in off-season. The ITCM is applied to estimate non-market value or environmental Good like a Contingent Valuation Method and Hedonic Price Model etc. The ITCM was derived from the Count Data Model(i.e. Poisson and Negative Binomial model). So this paper compares Poisson and negative binomial count data models to measure the tourism demands. The data for the study were collected from the Songjeong Beach on visitors over the a week from November 1 through November 23, 2006. Interviewers were instructed to interview only individuals. So the sample was taken in 113. A dependent variable that is defined on the non-negative integers and subject to sampling truncation is the result of a truncated count data process. This paper analyzes the effects of determinants on visitors' demand for exhibition using a class of maximum-likelihood regression estimators for count data from truncated samples, The count data and truncated models are used primarily to explain non-negative integer and truncation properties of tourist trips as suggested by the economic valuation literature. The results suggest that the truncated negative binomial model is improved overdispersion problem and more preferred than the other models in the study. This paper is not the same as the others. One thing is that Estimating Value of the Beach in off-season. The other thing is this study emphasizes in particular 'travel cost' that is not only monetary cost but also including opportunity cost of 'travel time'. According to the truncated negative binomial model, estimates the Consumer Surplus(CS) values per trip of about 199,754 Korean won and the total economic value was estimated to be 1,288,680 Korean won.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1149-1162
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• 2012

The impact of a considerable increase in traffic volume on the emission and concentrations of air pollutants was investigated at three beaches (Haeundae (HB), Gwanganri (GB), and Songjeong (SB)) in Busan during beach opening period (BOP) in 2011. During the BOP, passenger car was the major vehicle type, followed by taxi, and van. CO was the major contributor of total air pollutant emissions followed by NOx, VOC, and $PM_{10}$. For the temporal variation of the emission of air pollutants during the BOP, it was generally the highest in the afternoon followed by the evening and morning, except for SB. For the spatial variation of their emission, it was the highest at GB followed by SB and HB. The emissions of air pollutants during the BOP were generally higher than those during the Non-BOP, except for HB. In contrast, the significant impact of the traffic volume increase on the concentrations of air pollutants at monitoring sites near the three beaches during the BOP were not found compared to the Non-BOP due to the significant distances between monitoring sites of air pollutants and monitoring sites of traffic volume at the beaches.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Two marine euplotid ciliates, i.e. Euplotes cristatus Kahl, 1932 and E. minuta Yocom, 1930, were collected from the public waterfront of Incheon on the Yellow Sea and from the Songjeong Beach, Busan, in the Strait of Korea, respectively. These two species were verified as unrecorded species in Korea. These species were described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, and silver nitrate impregnation. In addition, the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of the two species were compared with previously known sequences of the Euplotes species. Euplotes cristatus has an elongated oval form, size in vivo of $60-84{\times}38-68\;{\mu}m$, 35-50 adoral zone of membranelles (AZM), 10 frontoventral cirri (FVC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 4-5 caudal cirri (CC), 8 dorsal kineties (DK), 10-16 dorsal cilia of middle DK, and silverline system of single-vannus type. Euplotes minuta has a small ovoid form ($44-53{\times}26-35\;{\mu}m$ in vivo), 31-41 AZM, 10 FVC, 5 TC, 4 CC, 9 DK, 10-12 dorsal cilia of middle DK, and silverline system of single-vannus type.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of sea water at popular swimming beaches such as Haeundae, Kwanganri and Songjeong which are located in the suburbs of Busan Korea. One hundred and seventy five sea water samples were collected from the 25 stations during the both summer seasons in 1979 and in 1980. The sampling stations were established in the above 3 swimming beaches and the estuary of Suyeong river (See Fig.1.). To evaluate the sanitary quality, coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were observed. The median value of coliform group MPN of the samples ranged 2,300 to 6,500/100m1 in Kwanganri, 670 to 910/100m1 in Haeundae and 430 to 460/100m1 in Songjeong swimming beach. Geometric mean of fecal coliform MPN was 3,200/100m1 in Kwanganri, 500/100m1 in Haeundae and 360/100m1 in Songjeong swimming beach. Composition of coliform was $23\%$ Escheri-chia coli group, $20\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $41\%$ Klebsiella aerogenes group and $16\%$others. The density of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Kwanganri was much higher than those of in other beaches by 5 to 6 times. Plate count of the samples in the estuary of Suyeong river was varied from 300 to $8.5\times10^6/ml$ during the study period. No remarkable difference was observed in bacterial density by tide in swimming beaches but the bacterial density of sea water at ebb tide was obviously higher than those of the samples at flood tide in the estuary of Suyeong river.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose plans to increase the number of urban parks as a way to help absorb carbon in order to implement the low carbon green city goals of Gangneung. As a study method, park incentive areas and current park areas were set as parameters and the areas of lacking in park space were categorized according to each indicator. The degree of park shortage was classified by overlapping the park shortage areas. Once the areas needing parks were assessed according to priority, target sites were selected on sites where construction would be actually possible. First, results of analysis showed that Songjeong-Dong and Seongdeok-Dong to the east of the target site lacking park space due to old residences and high population density or industrial use areas, were the most severe in the degree of park shortage. It was also shown that areas with high population density and park shortages included the Ponam-Dong, Okcheon-Dong and Hongje-Dong areas. Accordingly, the east side of the target areas and Hongje-Dong were both considered as high-priority areas needing to increase park space and actual possible target sites were selected for the creation of new, small parks in industrial areas by creating parks in school yards, in facility relocation sites and legal reviews. In addition, analysis indicators of park shortages were re-evaluated according to the securing of the park and it was shown that the problems in park shortages were resolved with the proper positioning of parks. In addition, satisfaction in the area of park per person, $3m^2$ was at a higher than a certain level in all areas except Songjeong-Dong, demonstrating that the park areas were evenly distributed. Areas of park shortage were shown in part of Songjeong-Dong and Seongdeok-Dong. This could be resolved by using alternative park resources such as the adjacent Gyeongpo Provincial Park, the beach and Namdaecheon.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.589-602
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• 2020

As can be seen in many earthquakes, liquefaction causes differential settlement, which sometimes produces serious damages such as building destruction and ground subsidence. There are many possible active faults near the Busan city and the Yangsan, Dongrae, and Ilgwang faults among them pass through the city. The Busan city is also located within the influence of recent earthquakes, which occurred in the Gyeongju, Pohang, and Kumamoto (Japan). Along the wide fault valleys in the city, the Quaternary unconsolidated alluvial sediments are thickly accumulated, and the reclaimed lands with beach sediments are widely distributed in the coastal area. A large earthquake near or in the Busan city is thus expected to cause major damage due to liquefaction in urban areas. This study conducted an assessment of the liquefaction hazard according to seismic recurrence intervals across the Busan city. As a result, although there are slight differences in degree depending on seismic recurrence intervals, it is predicted that the liquefaction potential is very high in the areas of the Nakdonggang Estuary, Busan Bay, Suyeong Bay, and Songjeong Station. In addition, it is shown that the shorter the seismic recurrence interval, the greater difference the liquefaction potential depending on site periods.