• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.474-479
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• 2011

With Beijing's success in bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games, the increasing demand for infrastructure development and reduced public sector funding capacity has created a significant funding gap which calls for alternative project delivery methods such as Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Although the exploration of infrastructure projects using PPP model have been practiced since the late 80s, the $560 million National Stadium which served as the main venue for the Olympic Games is the first stadium project in China to be delivered under PPP operation. The project is generally considered successful despite the concession transfer in 2009 with concern of better serving the public interest. Compared to other infrastructure projects such as transportation, waste management and water management, the development of major sports facilities for mega-sports events with PPP has its own unique features and is subject to different major risks. This research identifies and analyzes critical risks in the implementation of PPP in major sports facility development through case study of the National Stadium project. A questionnaire survey and several interviews are conducted to solicit expert opinions from experienced practitioners. The purpose is to provide additional insights in risk management strategies and opportunities in China's PPP implementations in major sports facilities for policy makers and private sectors involved with investment decisions in future similar infrastructure development.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.115-129
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• 2011

The bracket sets which are supporting the weight of the roof, has to meet both requirements which are structural functions and act as an ornamental element. Therefore the bracket sets differ in many types from time and space and has done an important role in the history of architecture with many studies being presented. The first form of the bracket set has been found in the bronze table relics in zhong shan wang ling (中山王陵). Through the Eastern Han dynasty (A.D. 25-220) it became more specific in the shique (石闕) and huaxiangshi (畵像石) in the Han dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D. 220). Afterwards, as Buddhism was introduced to China, the bracket construction techniques shown in the Mogao Caves, Yungang Grottoes, and Longmen Grottoes has given much help for understanding the building techniques of wooden architecture. Especially the Xia-ang structure seen in the Mogao caves shows a vast development in wooden structure and a typical building would be the main hall of Fo Guang Shan monastery in Mt. Wutaishan from the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907). This accumulated techniques is inscribed in the 'Ying Zao Fa Shi (營造法式)' wooden structure designs which was published during the Northern Song dynasty (A.D. 960-1127) and many buildings were constructed following this technique after the publication. During this period, it is assumed that Baek-jae (B.C.18-A.D.660) in the Korean peninsula also used the Xia-ang technique, but there havn't been many studies on this field. In this thesis it is introducing the development of the building techniques and structural features of the Xia-ang wooden architecture during the Tang and Song dynasty.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.565-571
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• 2013

We need to study China, the country that's improving constantly, in perspective of economic, political, social integration, and area studies with expertise in some perspective. If we expand the range of view to studies at industry research, national organization, and academia, exact information and diversity with professional research information portal site is at the core of the region. Specialized information portal site in China through an analysis of Chinese studies at the research analyzes the usage of the content. Through the main advantage of the status and content attributes of a site visitor analysis, it has shown a relatively high user loyalty through last 10 years operating as a single topic of professional information website. Through the CSF, the national level with expertise in design construction information portal site can be used as a more efficient way to build the foundation planning. Furthermore, through the effective use of information in China, the two countries, South Korea and China laid the foundation for the economic development of area studies which is expected to contribute to the establishment of information systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4379-4385
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) for patients with gastric cancer and to compare effects between different regimens of IPC. Method: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of surgery plus intraperitoneal chemotherapy with surgery alone or comparing the efficacy between different regimens of intraperitoneal chemotherapy were searched for in Medline, Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese BioMedical Disc and so on by two independent reviewers. After quality assessment and data extraction, data were pooled for meta-analysis using RevMan5.16 software. Tests of interaction were used to test for differences of effects among subgroups grouped according to different IPC regimens. Results: Fifteen RCTs with a total of 1713 patients with gastric cancer were included for quality assessment and data extraction. Ten studies were judged to be of fair quality and entered into meta-analysis. Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.60, P<0.01), hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.47, P<0.01) and normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.70, P=0.01) were associated with a significant improvement in overall survival. Tests of interaction showed that hyperthermia and additional postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy did not impact on its effect. Further analysis revealed that intraperitoneal chemotherapy remarkably decrease the rate of postoperative hepatic metastasis by 73% (OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.12 to 0.67, P<0.01). However, intraperitoneal chemotherapy increased risks of marrow depression (OR=5.74, P<0.01), fever (OR=3.67, P=0.02) and intra-abdominal abscess (OR=3.57, P<0.01). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis demonstrates that hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy should be recommended to treat patients with gastric cancer because of improvement in overall survival. However, it is noteworthy that intraperitoneal chemotherapy can increase the risks of marrow depression, intra-abdominal abscesses, and fever.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.93-108
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• 2009

In order to achieve the growth of traditional Chinese medicine, the chinese government has annually released "China Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Medicine" to the world since "State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China" established in 1988. It is believed that the chinese government intends to secure the early dominance of the global medical market by systematic management of its own medicine infrastructures. Although the statistics of "China Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Medicine" weren't systematically organized at the beginning, it has becoming richer, more systematic, and more standardized in the data construction and system as time has passed. Furthermore, we can take a look at China's effort to take the initiative of oriental medicine by expanding investment in several core areas - medicine resources, operation of medical instruments, service, medicine education, medicine science research, and working expenses. This article will show how china has been trying to develop the chinese medicine, focusing on two parts. One is specific analysis of the book "China Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Medicine". It is divided into analysis of its construction system, the degree of data construction, and its statistical system. The other is analysis of annual changes in areas of medicine resources, operation of medical instruments, service, medicine education, medicine science research, and working expenses.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

By using social network analysis, this study examined 102 countries, 281 ports, and 6,318 maritime routes associated with the global network of the Maersk Line. With the 'Belt and Road' in place, China is developing ports, expanding the cooperation with major ports, and increasing its influence on maritime transport. China's ports' reform and development implies establishing stable and independent logistic networks for supply of raw materials as well as exports and imports. This is closely related not only to individual ports' competitiveness, but also to relational structures between maritime powerhouses such as the US-which has the largest share and influence in the global market-and the surrounding countries. In this regard, an analysis of the maritime transport needs to consider the characteristics of individual ports together with those of each country. This study identified the characteristics of each port in light of the relationships in the global network of Maersk and applied them to each country. Moreover, the individual networks of China, the US, and Korea are compared. The findings showed that China, the US, Panama, Malaysia, and Spain accounted for large shares of the global network, while the shares of China, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam were high in China's network. In addition, by comparing individual networks of China, the US, and Korea, it emerged that Korean ports such as Busan and Gwangyang had secured a high level of competitiveness in the Chinese network.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

Objectives: 21 sepiolite substances produced in China were investigated for the presence of asbestos in their materials. Materials and methods: In order to identify asbestos in sepiolite substances, test materials were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDS) for confirming their shape and components (atomic %). Results: Five of 21 sepiolte substances were asbestos-containing materials. Two chrysotile containing sepiolite proved to be asbestoscontaining materials, as did two chrysotile mixed with tremolite containing sepiolite. 16 sepiolite substances did not contain asbestos materials. Conclusions: When importing sepiolite substances, they must be analyzed to determine if there is asbestos in their materials.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.2 s.6
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• pp.16-22
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• 2006

This paper present the performance evaluation of PV systems installed at Tibet area of China in order to identity the key factors that determines system operation at a severe climate conditions and promote the cooperation of PV technology between Korea and China. The installed systems consist of 100kW on-grid connected PV systems, BOS(balance of systems), data acquisition and transmission equipments. The Korea side supplied the solar cell, BOS like as inverter, control box and monitoring system. And the Chinese side assembled solar module, constructed site and built control house. It has been shown that the average radiation per monthly from Tibet is 1.5 times larger than that from Mokpo. Also, radiation time from Tibet is 2hour higher than that from Korea.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2007

This paper presents the performance evaluation of PV systems installed at Tibet area of China in order to identity the key factors that determines system operation at a severe climate conditions and promote the cooperation of PV technology between Korea and China. The installed systems consist of 100kW on-grid connected PV systems, BOS(balance of systems), data acquisition and transmission equipments. The Korea side supplied the solar cell, BOS like as inverter, control box and monitoring system. And the Chinese side assembled solar module, constructed site and built control house. It has been shown that the average radiation per monthly from Tibet is 1.5 times larger than that from Mokpo. Also, radiation time from Tibet is 2hour higher than that from Korea. The economical analysis has shown that with the current prices, investment in a grid connected PV systems is generally profitable

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.627-637
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• 2017

The high positive correlation between plastic strain of loaded coal-rock and AE (acoustic emission) characteristic parameter was studied and proved through AE experiment during coal-rock uniaxial compression process. The results show that plastic strain in the whole process of uniaxial compression can be gained through the experiment. Moreover, coal-rock loaded process can be divided into four phases through analyzing the change of the plastic strain curve : pressure consolidation phase, apparent linear elastic phase, accelerated deformation phase, rupture and development phase, which corresponds to conventional elastic-plastic change law of loaded coal-rock. The theoretical curve of damage constitutive model is in high agreement with the experimental curve. So the damage evolution law of coal rock damage can be indicated by both acoustic emission and plastic strain. The results have great academic and realistic significance for further study of both AE signal characteristics during loaded coal-rock damaged process and the forecasting of coal-rock dynamic disasters.