• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Panax ginseng water extract (PG-WE) on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of the most notorious toxic environmental pollutants belonging to the group of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Normal control (NC) group guinea pigs (180~200 g) received vehicle and saline, and TCDD-treated (TT) group was given TCDD and saline. P100 and P200 group animals received PG-WE for 28 days since 1 week before TCDD exposure at daily doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. and/or 200 mg/kg b.w., respectively. C100 and C200 group received PG-WE for 14 days starting 1 week after TCDD-exposure. Toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of TCDD (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg b.w.). Abnormal increase in AST and ALT activities in TT group was significantly improved by the administration of PC-WE. Microscopically, there were mild to moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism of individual cells, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasm vacuolation of some hepatocytes, slight to moderate variations of staining density, occasional single cell necrosis, variable size and shape of some hepatocytes, small groups of degenerating hepatocytes surrounded by mononuclear cells, dilated sinusoids of centrilobular zone and some loss of lobular architecture in TT group liver. From these results, we could find the protective and therapeutic role of PG-WE in TCDD-induced liver toxicity by examining the blood chemical parameters and histopathological observation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.515-532
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• 2018

Light is an essential and powerful element to animals. A light-emitting diode (LED) is most efficient in terms of economic benefits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LED lighting time on milk production, milk composition, and the immune response of Holstein cows. Forty lactating cows were assigned to four experimental groups: control; natural daylight, treatment; am3-6, pm6-12 and pm6-am6. We found that there was no significant effect on the decrease ratio in milk production among the groups. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was significantly decreased in pm6-am6 and pm6-12 than the control. With regard to the hemolytic biochemical analysis, GLU was significantly increased and CRE, T-BIL were significantly decreased in the pm6-12 than the control. IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in pm6-12 compared to other groups. Besides, cortisol was significantly lowered in the pm6-12 than the control, while prolactin, IgA and IgG were not significant among the groups. In addition, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were also significantly increased in pm6-12 than the control. However, antioxidant enzyme activity and superoxide dismutase were not significant among the experimental groups. Therefore, it was concluded that LED lighting time had some impact on blood parameters and immune responses in dairy cows without any changes in milk production.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1995

RDW and MCV are thought to be the highly sensitive blood cell parameters in the differentiation of iron deficiency anemias. Through the medical records of 227 anemic patients and the physical checking results of 143 healthy persons in a General Hospital during the recent five years, the authors evaluated various blood cell parameters including RDW and MCV. Iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia and other anemias associated with chronic disease were shown as the three major causes of anemias in Korea. In the patients of iron deficiency anemia MCV was very low(62.9$\pm$13.7fl), while RDW was very high(19.3$\pm$4.8) showing much lower MCV and much higher RDW in severe IDA compared with in mild IDA. To differentiate iron deficiency anemias form other anemias, a discriminant function was developed from some blood cell parameters like MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and platelets(D.F.=0.26-0.012MCV -0.130MCH +0.073MCHC +0.052RDW+0.003PLT).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2019

A light-emitting diode (LED) is most efficient in terms of economic benefits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LED lighting intensity on milk production, milk composition, and the immune response of Holstein cows. Thirty-eight lactating cows were assigned to four experimental groups: control group (exposed natural daylight without LED light) and three LED treatment group (50 lux; natural daylight and 6 h LED light of 50 lux intensity, 100 lux; natural daylight and 6 h LED light of 100 lux intensity, 200 lux; natural daylight and 6 h LED light of 200 lux intensity). There was a significant effect on the decrease ratio in milk production in 200 lux group. Lactose was significantly increased in 100 lux than the other LED treated groups. In addition to the hemolytic biochemical analysis, AST and β-HB were significantly increased in the 50 lux than the other groups. Prolactin and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in 200 lux compared to other groups. Besides, cortisol was significantly higher in 50 lux and lowered in the 200 lux than the control, while IgA and IgG were not significant among the groups. Therefore, it was concluded that LED lighting intensity had some impact on blood parameters and immune responses in dairy cows with increased milk production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.973-979
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• 2005

To investigate the effect of Pinus densiflora on biochemical parameters in type I diabetic rats, we evaluated the changes of body weight, fasting blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and biochemical parameters after the intraperitoneal injection of distilled solution of Pinus densiflora in streptozotocin (STZ)­induced rats. Thirty-seven male Sprague Dawley rats $(180\pm10g)$ were divided into four groups; diabetic mellitus (DM) group received STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.); low level of pine extract (LP) group received Pinus densiflora (5 mg/kg BW, i.p.), high level of pine extract (HP) group received Pinus densiflora (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) after the single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.), respectively. Normal control (NC) group received saline. The change of fasting blood glucose level and OGTT were measured using glucocard II, and the change of biochemical parameter were measured by Automatic Chemistry Analyzer (Hitach-747, Japan). Mean body weight change of DM group was retarded greatly by STZ-exposure. While, body weights of LP and HP groups were progressively increased with some fluctuation, although the increase rates were slower than that of NC group. Fasting blood glucose levels of LP and HP groups were reduced by Pinus densiflora injection, although the fasting blood glucose levels were higher than that of NC group. The results of OGTT was significantly improved in both of LP and HP group compared to DM group. Increases of blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels by STZ-exposure were attenuated by the Pinus densiflora treatment (p<0.05). From the results, it was suggested that Pinus densiflora has a tendency to decrease STZ-induced toxicity in terms of monitoring fasting blood glucose, OGTT and some biochemical parameters of rat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1681-1689
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• 2011

The beneficial effects of tea catechins (TCs) are related not only to their antioxidant potential but also to the improvement of animal meat quality. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary TC supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, hormone responses, and glutathione redox status in goats. Forty Liuyang goats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals/group) that were assigned to four experimental diets with TC supplementation at 4 levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 or 4,000 mg TC/kg DM feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, all goats were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary TC treatment had no significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.01), plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) decreased and total protein (p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05) increased with the feeding time extension, and day 20 was the turning point for most of changes. Interactions were found in glutathione (p<0.001) and the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (p<0.05) in whole blood between treatment and feeding time. Oxidized glutathione in blood was reduced (p<0.05) by 2,000 mg TC/kg feed supplementation, and a similar result was observed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Though plasma glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (p<0.05) activities were affected by treatment and feeding time interactions, and glutathione S-transferases activity increased with feeding day extension, no changed values appeared in longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, dietary TC supplementation affected the concentrations of some blood metabolites and accelerated GSH depletion in the blood of goats. In terms of less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest insulin and IGF-I concentrations, the highest ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in plasma, the dosage of 2,000 mg TC/kg feed might be desirable for growing goats to prevent glutathione depletion and keep normal physiological metabolism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of tongue color and the correlation of the tongue colors with clinical laboratory parameters. Methods : Statistical analysis on the frequency of each tongue color and the results of the clinical laboratory parameters in each tongue color group. Results : Tongue colors that appeared most frequently were 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c in that order. Following them, 494c and 507c were rarer colors, and 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c were equally rarest colors. Among each tongue color group, a significant difference was found in the result of complete blood cell count (CBC). The level of red blood cell (RBC) of 7432c group was significantly higher than that of the other groups except 694c group. The level of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) of 7432c group were significantly higher than those of all the other groups. The level of RBC of 7431c group was lowest and significantly different from 694c, 7432c group. In results of the other tests were not significantly different. However the level of total cholesterol was higher in 695c, 694c, 500c group, and the level of triglyceride was higher in 500c, 7431c, 694c group. Those four colors have a low chroma and 7431c, 695c take blue violet color. Conclusions : The tongue color is distributed throughout following colors by order of frequency: 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c, 708c, 494c, 507c, 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c. Some parameters of CBC has a significant correlation with some tongue colors. Other results including lipid profile, renal function test, and liver function test had no significant difference according to tongue color. However, the colors which have low chroma or take blue violet color tented to be higher in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.629-629
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.242-248
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• 2005

The present study was designed to elucidate the physiological changes with age by chronic administration of red ginseng. All rats were reared in the conventional system. Ginseng treated rats were continously supplied with ginseng water extracts together water from 6 weeks of age to the age 24 months. Rats did not show any discernible signs or the rejection symptoms by red ginseng water extracts. A long-term administration of red ginseng extracts did not cause any physiological changes in the gain of body and organs weight, food intake and general properties of urine. However, red ginseng caused to decrease the level of serum cholesterol, glucose and TBARS, and it attenuated effectively the age-dependent decline of LDH activity. Other biochemical parameters measured from blood and general properties of urine were not significantly changed. These results suggest that long-term administration of red ginseng to rat does not cause any clear physiological changes in appearance and urine, and it retards age-related deteriorations in some biochemical parameters such as LDL-cholesterol, glucose and LDH in serum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.671-676
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• 2008

Forty-eight Naemi lambs (avg. BW 31.7 kg) were transported by truck for a distance of 1,450 km from Al-Jouf to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. On arrival day, the lambs were randomly allocated to four groups receiving diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ppm organic chromium (Cr). Each group consisted of four separately housed replicates of three lambs each. The animals were fed ad libitum on a grower diet for 84 days. Blood samples were obtained shortly before transportation, upon arrival and at weekly intervals thereafter from all lambs for analysis of plasma and serum. Plasma glucose and serum cortisol, total protein, albumin, urea-N and total cholesterol concentrations were determined. A cursory clinical examination of the lambs, along with rectal temperature, was undertaken at different intervals during the experiment. The lambs were inoculated each with 2 ml i.v. chicken red blood cells (CRBC) on days 0, 21, and 42. Serum total, IgG and IgM antibody titers were determined at weekly intervals post-immunization. An in vivo intradermal hypersensitivity test was carried out on 6 lambs from each group on days 10 and 70. Transportation of the lambs resulted in a significant (p<0.001) elevation of serum cortisol, total protein and albumin levels, as well as increased plasma glucose concentration, with corresponding decrease in total cholesterol, while blood urea-N remained largely unchanged. These constituents returned to normal levels during subsequent weeks, with no significant differences in their concentrations being observed between the Cr-supplemented groups and controls. Rise in rectal temperature after transportation was reduced to a greater extent (p<0.05) in Cr-supplemented versus control lambs. Total, IgG and IgM antibody titers against CRBC rose significantly (p<0.05) during immunizations in all groups, with significantly and linearly higher (p<0.05) total and IgG titers in Cr-supplemented versus control lambs. By contrast, no significant effect due to Cr supplementation was recorded in IgG titers, which increased equally in Cr-fed and control groups. Skin thickness in response to intradermal inoculation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was also significantly (p<0.01) increased as a result of Cr supplementation. These results indicate that dietary Cr supplementation might be useful during stress especially for enhancing immune responses in transport-stressed lambs.