• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

Pancreases obtained from native Korean goats were used, and examined by immunoelectron microscopy using several antisera. Five types cells, glucagon (A), insulin (B), somatostatin (D), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP-I and PP-II) cells, were identified in the pancreatic islets. The morphologies of A, B, and D cells corresponded to the typical charateristics described in previous reports on other mammals. Serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in the D cells on the basis of the granular profiles. Two types of PP cells could be distinguished on the basis of the granular profile: the first type was formed by round, homogeneous secretory granules ($220{\sim}400nm$) having a narrow halo between the dense core and limiting membrane, while the other type consisted of cells whose secretory granules ($240{\sim}440\;nm$ in the major axis, $150{\sim}200nm$ in the minor axis) were pleomorphic, having a dense core and a closely fitting limiting membrane. From these results, we suggest that the pancreatic islets of the native Korean goat consist of five types of endocrine cells, A, B, D, PP-I and PP-II cells. Among these, PP-I type cells may correspond to the classical PP of other mammalian pancreases, while PP-II type cells may correspond to the enterochromaffin cells in other species.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 1999

A peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used to detect the cells showing immunoreactivities to six hormone antibodies in the alimentary tracts of six frog species, Rana nigromaculata, R. rugosa, R. amurensis coreana, R. catesbeiana, Bombina orientalis, and Hyla arborea japonica, inhabiting Korea. The cells immunoreactive to gastrin and cholecystokinin-8 were observed in the pylorus of the stomachs and in the small intestines of all frog species examined. In contrast, these somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were identified in the esophagus and the whole gastrointestinal tracts, but were absent from the large intestines in R. rugosa, R. catesbeiana, B. orientalis and H. arborea japonica. The pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells represented their distribution limited to the small intestines of R. amurensis coreana and H. arborea japonica, and they were additionally identified in the pylorus of the stomachs in the other four species. Serotonin- and glucagon- Immunoreactive cells revealed different regional distributions in which the former were observed throughout the whole alimentary tracts in all frog species investigated, whereas the latter were not found in these regions at all. Endocrine cells were relatively abundant in the pyloric portion of the stomach compared to other organs. The present study showed that all endocrine cells except for PP had a similar distribution in the alimentary tracts of all frog species used.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

In fish, light (photoperiod, intensity and spectra) is main regulator in many physiological actions including growth. We investigate the effect of light spectra on the somatic growth and growth-related gene expression in the rearing tiger puffer. Fish was reared under different light spectra (blue, green and red) for 8 weeks. Fish body weight and total length were promoted when reared under green light condition than red light condition. Expression of somatostatins (ss1 and ss2) in brain were showed higher expression under red light condition than green light condition. The ss3 mRNA was observed only higher expression in blue light condition. Expression of growth hormone (gh) in pituitary was detected no different levels between experimental groups. However, the fish of green light condition group was showed more high weight gain and feed efficiency than other light condition groups. Our present results suggest that somatic growth of tiger puffer is induced under green light condition because of inhibiting ss mRNA expression in brain by effect of green wavelength.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-20
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• 2012

We report observation of laser desorption/ionization (LDI) of peptides from flat surfaces of tungsten silicide ($WSi_2$). In contrast to MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) and SALDI (surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry, this study did not utilize any matrices and surface nanostructures. In this work, LDI on $WSi_2$ surfaces is demonstrated to cover a mass range up to 1,600 Da (somatostatin; monoisotopic mass = 1637.9 Da). In addition, it exhibited a high sensitivity, which could detect peptides, which could detect peptides of low femtomole levels (20 fmol for angiotensin II). The observed LDI process was discussed to be largely thermal, more specifically, due to laser-induced surface heating that is most likely promoted by the low thermal diffusivity (${\kappa}$) of $WSi_2$ substrate.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of peptide charge on the interaction between peptide and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) for evaluating mechanism of acylated peptide formation in PLGA matrix. As a model peptide, octreotide, a synthetic somatostatin analogue and active ingredient of commercial PLGA product, was used. The disulfide group of octreotide was reduced with dithiothreitol and the sulfhydryl groups were modified with N-${\beta}$-maleimidopropionic acid (BMPA) to neutralize octreotide with positive charge in physiological conditions. The BMPA-conjugated octreotide was identified by measuring the molecular mass with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the interaction study with PLGA, native octreotide showed initial adsorption to PLGA and substantial production of acylated peptides (56% of overall peptide), whereas BMPA-conjugated octreotide showed minimal adsorption to PLGA and no acylation products for 42 days. Consequently, the neutralization of octreotide completely inhibited the peptide acylation by preventing interaction of peptide with PLGA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the initial polymer interaction of peptide is important step for peptide acylation in PLGA matrix and suggests the modulation of peptide charge as strategy for inhibiting the formation of acylated peptide impurities.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2018

Gastric hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors that can cause severe gastrointestinal system bleeding. We presented the case of a neonate with fresh bleeding and melena from the orogastric tube and detected gastric hemangioma in esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination. Propranolol is widely used in treatment of cutaneous hemangiomas and non-gastric gastrointestinal system hemangiomas. However, the surgical approach is preferred for treating gastric hemangiomas, and there are few reports of gastric hemangiomas associated with non-surgical treatment. Gastric hemorrhage decreased with antacid and somatostatin treatment. Propranolol treatment was initiated before the surgery decision. After three weeks of treatment, we observed regression in the hemangioma with endoscopic evaluation. During the course of treatment, the patient's gastrointestinal system bleeding did not recur, and there were no side effects associated with propranolol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.757-766
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• 2002

Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2, also named KP102) is a new hexapeptide of a series of synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) in vitro and in vivo in several species including calf, sheep and pig. The GH-releasing activity of GHRP-2 is two to three times more effective than that of the original GHRP-6, and GHRP-1 in the rats and humans. To date, GHRP-2 seems to be the most potent member of the family of GHRPs. Since the GHRPs are short peptides (5-7 amino acid residues), they are synthesized easily and are not as readily degraded in plasma as GHreleasing hormone (GHRH). These features ameliorate their potential on domestic animals because of their chemical nature the GHRPs are efficacious when administered i.v. orally or orally. However, studies in cow, pig and sheep do not indicate such a close relationship between GHRH, somatostatin (SS) and GH, calling into question the general applicability of the human and rat models. Perhaps there is an important role for an endogenous GHRP in the regulation of GH secretion in domestic animals. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of physiological role of GHRP-2 in domestic animals.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.352-367
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• 1991

척추동물 11목 21종의 췌장에서 insulin(B)세포, glucagon(A)세포, somatostatin( D)세포 및 pancreatic polypeptide(PP)세포 등을 면역세포화학적 방법으로 동정하여 이들의 출현율, 분포양상 및 형띨 등을 계통별로 비교하였다. 포유강에서는 전형적인 췌도를 형성하였고, 조강에서는 대 ·소췌도로 구분되었다. 내분비세포의 크기는 계통간의 차이가 있어서 B세포와 PP세포는 포유강의 것이 조강의 것에 비해 윤으나, A세포와 D세포는 그 반대이었다. 세포의 모양은 B세포의 경우 두 강에서 대체로 원형 및 난원형이었고, A세포와 D세포는 원형, 난원형 및 방추형이었다. PP세포는 방추형 및 난원형이 대다수 이었으며 간혹 원형 또는 다각형 등의 모습도 나타났다. 세포들의 출현율은 두 강에서 모두 B세포가가장 많았고, A, D및 PP세포 순으로 낮아졌다. B세포는포유강이 조강보다높았고, A, D및 PP세포는조강이 포유강보다 많았다. B세포는 조강의 경우 대췌도 주변부와 소췌도 중앙부에 분포하였고, 포유강에서는 중앙부에 균등하게 분포하였다. A와 0세포는 포유강에서 주로 췌도 주면부에 분포하나, 조강에서는 췌도중앙부에 위치하였다. PP세포는 두 강에서 대부분 췌도 주변부에 위치하였다. 일반적으로 두강에서 모두 외분비 선포조직에서도 내분비세포들이 출현하였으며 일부 종에서는 췌관상피에서도 내분비세포들이 드물게 나타났다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2021

Lymphorrhea is a rare but potentially severe complication that occurs after various surgical procedures. Untreated lymphorrhea may lead to wound dehiscence, infection, and prolonged hospital stay. Currently, there is no standard effective treatment. Early management usually includes leg elevation, drainage, and pressure dressing. However, these methods are associated with prolonged recovery and high recurrence rates. We report a case of lymphorrhea from a calf wound after endoscopic great saphenous vein (GSV) harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The patient presented with intractable oozing from the postoperative wound on the right calf. Lymphorrhea persisted for 6 weeks despite negative-pressure wound therapy with a long-acting somatostatin. We performed unilateral pedal lymphangiography that confirmed wound lymphorrhea, followed by glue embolization. No recurrence was observed after 8 months of follow-up. This case report demonstrates the successful use of lymphangiography with glue embolization in the control of lymphorrhea after GSV harvesting for CABG.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-76
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• 1988

In order to know the distribution, relative frequencies, types and morphology, endocrine cells in the intestinal tract of the hedgehog(Erinaceus koreanus) were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Two kinds of endocrine cells were demonstrated with two specific staining methods. Argyrophil cells(reactive cells for Grimelius method) were found most frequently in the intestinal region, and were infrequent in the rectum, whereas argentaffin cells (reactive cells for Masson-Hamperl method) were found most frequently in the rectum and in the other legions were infrequent. These reacting cells were mainly found in the intestinal glands, whereas a small number in the mucosa. 2. Twelve kinds of endocrine cells, gastrin(Gas)-, somatostatin (Som)-, serotonin(5-HT)-, glucagon(Glu)-, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(Bpp)-, cholecystokinin(Cck)-, secretin(Sec)-, motilin(Mot)-, glicentin(Gli)-, gastric inhibitor polypeptide(GIp)-, substance P(Sp)-, and neurotensin(Neu)-immunoreactive cells, were identified by immunohistochemical method. Gas-, Som-, 5-HT-, Glu-, Cck-, Sec-, Mot-, Gli-, Sp-, and Neu-reactive cells were observed in the duodenum, and among these Gas- and 5-HT-reactive cells were moderately found while the others were infrequent. In the jejunoileum Gas-, Som-, 5-HT-, Glu-, Cck-, Mot-, Gli-, GIp-, SP-, and Neu-reactive cells were found, and among these 5-HT- and GIp-reactive cells were moderately found while the others were infrequent. In the colon Sec-reactive cell was not detected. 5-HT-reactive cells were found most frequently and the others were infrequent in this region. 5-HT-, Bpp-, GIi- and Neu-reactive cells were found in the rectum. Among these 5-HT-reactive cells were found most frequently. 3. Electron microscopically, five types of endocrine cells, EC, ECL, D, G, A-like cell, were identified in the intestinal region. EC and ECL cells in the duodenum, EC, D and G cells in the jejuno-ileum, EC and A-like cells in the colon and EC cell in the rectum were observed respectively.