• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 2-week somatosensory stimulation program on cognitive function and ADL of patients with brain damage. Methods: The sample consisted of two groups of patients with stroke: 10 patients with a mean age of 59.0 years who were treated with somatosensory stimulation, and 9 patients with a mean age of 51.78 years, who were not treated with somatosensory intervention. A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used to assess the functional recovery after stroke. Instruments used in this study were MMSE-K for cognitive function and FIM for ADL. Results: The hypothesis 1 that "Patients with stroke who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher MMSE-K score than that of the non-treatment group" was supported(Z = -2.390, p = .017). The hypothesis 2 that "Patients with stroke who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher FIM score than that of the non-treatment group", however, was partially supported(social cognition: Z = -2.204, p = .045). Conclusion: Somatosensory stimulation was effective to patients with stroke in improving their cognitive function. These findings suggest that somatosensory input can be adopted to nursing intervention for functional recovery after stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the effect of somatosensory stimulation on the upper limb sensory and function and self-esteem of stroke patients. Methods : This study period was march 4 to april 4 (5 weeks). The subject were 20 stroke patients with somatosensory impairment in B hospital, seongnam, gyeonggi province. They were devided into two group-experimental and control-with 10 members each. The members of the experimental group underwent somatosensory stimulation, whereas the members of the control group underwent an occupation-based intervention for 5 weeks. Thirty-minute therapy was provided 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated via light touch, static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and self-esteem scale Results : In this study, light touch was not significant in both groups. Static two-point discrimination was significant among the experimental group member's index fingers. Among the control group members, it was significant in the ring finger. The comparison between the two groups was significant in the index finger. The stereognosis results were significant in the experimental group but not in the control group. The comparison between the groups after the intervention was not significant. FMA was significant in the shoulder/ elbow/ forearm (SEF), hand and coordination among the experimental group. Among the control group, it was significant in the SEF and hand. The comparison between the groups was significant in the SEF, hand and coordination. The self-esteem scale results were significant among both groups, and the comparison between the group's score was likewise significant. Conclusion : In conclusion, somatosensory stimulation therapy increases the static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, upper extremity function, and self-esteem of patients with stroke. Therefore, while somatosensory stimulation therapy is not the best therapy, it is one of the best occupational therapies for stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical comparisons of kettlebell two-arm swings after different somatosensory interventions on joint ranges of motion (ROM) and muscle activations. Method: Fourteen kettelbell novices (age: $22.92{\pm}3.23yrs$, mass: $75.75{\pm}9.94kg$, height: $172.03{\pm}5.49cm$), consisting of male college students, participated in this study and performed two-arm kettlebell swings in different conditions. Three different somatosensory interventions were the applications of heavy mass kettlebell (20 kg), taping on gluteus muscles, and unstable mat condition. All subjects performed pre-intervention swings and post-intervention swings, respectively. Statistical analysis were performed on results of joint kinematics and electromyographies of major muscles. Results: Results showed significant increases in ROM of hip and decreases in ROM of shoulder after unstable mat trials. In addition, the application of unstable mat during kettlebell swings induced higher muscle activations in gluteus maximus muscle during only upward phase of two-arm kettlebell swings. Conclusion: For beginner, the application of unstable surface would increase in hip joint ranges of motion with enhancement of gluteus muscles.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1255-1264
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 3-week somatosensory stimulation program on the integrity of the somatosensory pathway of patients with brain damage. Method: The sample consisted of two groups of patients with brain damage matched by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and age:8 patients with a mean age of 56.75 years who were treated with somatosensory stimulation, and 8 patients with a mean age of 58.88 years, who were not treated with sensory intervention program. A repeated measures matched-control group design was used to assess functional recovery of the brain. The instrument used in this study was SSEP (somatosensory evoked potentials), a neurophysiological parameter, for the integrity of the somatosensory pathway. Results: The hypothesis that patients with brain damage who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher SSEP wave form scores than the non-treatment group was supported (3rd week.: U=13.000, p=.014). Additional repeated measures analysis showed that there were no significant differences in recovery trends between the groups (F=1.945, p=.159). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a somatosensory stimulation program is effective in promoting recovery of the integrity of the somatosensory pathway of patients with brain damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.587-596
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the effects of somatosensory training on the spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance in patients with stroke patients. Methods : 24 stroke survivors were allocated in this study, and randomly divided into experimental(n=12) and control group(n=12), independently. Experimental group was applied somatosensory training program plus conventional physical therapy, and control group was applied only conventional physical therapy. All subjects were administered for 30 minutes per day during 8 weeks(5 times a week). Results : Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were significant difference between pre and post intervention in experimental group, except of step length asymmetry ratio(SLAR) and single support time asymmetry ratio (SSAR)(p<.05). But control group had no statistical significance(p>.05). And also there was significant difference between experimental and control group(p<.05), except of cadence and SSAR(p>.05). Balance parameters were significant difference between pre and post intervention in experimental group(p<.05). But control group had no statistical significance(p>.05). And experimental timed up and go test was significantly decreased than control group(p<.05), but berg balance scale and functional reach test were not significant difference between experimental and control group(p>.05). Conclusion : This study was suggested that somatosensory training has effectiveness on the spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance in patients with stroke survivors. So this therapeutic intervention will be effectivelyapply to the stroke survivors in the clinical setting.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.269-277
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the recovery of sensation and the restoration of upper limb function according to transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary somatosensory cortex in patients with chronic stroke with sensory deficit. 20 patients with chronic stroke divided into 10 experimental groups and 10 control groups. Patients received transcranial direct current stimulations over the primary somatosensory cortex on the side of the stroke lesion, and The control group applied sham tDCS to the same location. Intervention was conducted 5 times a week, 20 minutes per session for a total of 2 weeks. Assessment was performed using the Erasmus MC modifications to the Nottingham Sensory Assessment(EmNSA), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination(SWME) for somatosensory, and Fugle-Meyer Assessment(FMA), Motor Activity Log(MAL), and accelerometer for upper extremity function. Assessment was conducted before and after the intervention. As a result of the study, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the overall tactile sense, proprioception, cortical sense, and perception sensitivity than the control group, and showed a statistically significant difference in the usage amount of the upper limb. Based on the results of this study, it is thought that the possibility of effective clinical application of transcranial direct current stimulation for recovery of somatosensory and upper extremity function is thought to be increased.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in somato-sensory and occupational performance of individually tailored sensory integration interventions for school-age children with somatodyspraxia. Methods : A single subject study with an AB design was conducted the total sessions were 11 sessions, consisting of 3 baseline sessions and 8 intervention sessions. To compare the effects before and after the intervention, the intervention was measured by dividing it into Performance Area (PA) and Performance Factor (PF), and after each intervention session, the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) was implemented. Results : The children participating in this study showed overall improvement in PA and PF after the intervention, and after each session, it was confirmed that the GAS increased when measuring the target activities (Supine Flexion Posture; SFP, Walking by Arms; WA, Stand on Balance Ball; SBB). Conclusion : This study provided evidence that sensory integration has a positive effect on performing target activities (SFP, WA, SBB) and improving relationships with peers in children with somatodyspraxia.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.2005-2011
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• 2020

Background: Motor imagery is the mental representation of an action without overt movement or muscle activation. However, few previous studies have demonstrated motor imagery training effects as an objective assessment tool in patients with early stroke. Objective: To investigate the effect of motor imagery training on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP) and upper limb function of stroke patients. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: Twenty-four patients with stroke were enrolled in this study. All subjects were assigned to the experimental or control group. All participants received traditional occupational therapy for 30 minutes, 5 times a week. The experimental group performed an additional task of motor imagery training (MIT) 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Both groups were assessed using the SSEP amplitude, Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA UE) and Wolf motor function test. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in SSEP amplitude and FMA UE than did the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the MIT effectively improve the SSEP and upper limb function of stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2004

Falls are common, costly, and a leading cause of death among older adults. The major predisposing factors of a fall may include age-related deterioration in the dynamic system composed of auditory, somatosensory, vestibular, visual, musculoskeletal, and neuromuscular subsystems. Older adults with a history of frequent falls demonstrated significant reductions in gait velocity, muscle force production, and balance performance. These altered neuromechanical characteristics may be further exaggerated when faced with conflicting multisensory conditions. Despite the important contribution of multisensory function on the sensorimotor system during postural and locomotor tasks, it remains unclear whether multisensory intervention will produce dynamic balance improvement during locomotion in older adults with a history of frequent falls. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address important factors associated with falls in elderly adults and provide theoretical rationale for a multisensory intervention program model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.645-651
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• 2019

This study examined the correlation between the forward head posture (FHP), temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), and temporomandibular joint quantitative somatosensory sensation. This study examined the correlation between the temporomandibular joint function and somatosensory sensation according to the change in FHP after the intervention on the head posture in 62 subjects (22.15 ± 2.56 years) Biofeedback training was administered to the FHP, which was performed 12 times for a total of four weeks. To assess the FHP, the craneovertebral angle (CVA) was examined. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function was measured by the Therapeutic Range of Motion Scale and the left and right lateral deviation, and the sensation of vibration threshold was measured to confirm the change in somatic sensation. Multiple regression analysis was performed to confirm the influence of each variable and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation. Changes in the temporal joint function (p<.001) and somatic sensation (p<.001) were correlated significantly with the changes in CVA. These results show that there is a significant correlation between the frontal head position, TMJ function, and somatosensory sensation. These results provide a new paradigm for the treatment of jaw joints for patients suffering from TMD and provide a basis for the future treatment of the temporomandibular joint.