• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1996

배발생 캘러스의 선발은 1.0mg/L 2,4-D를 첨가한 MS 기본배지에서 배양한 당근 유식물의 배축절편으로부터 유도된 캘러스에서 이뤄졌다. 체세포배 발생을 유도하기 위해서 배발생 캘러스로부터 얻어진 세포괴는 2,4-D를 제거한 MS 배지에 옮겼다. 세포괴를 1.0mg/L 2,4-D 첨가배지에서 1주간 그리고 2,4-D 제거 배지에서 2주간 배양한 후에 2자엽배의 발생은 63%에 그쳤고 나머지는 1자엽 5%, 3자엽 21%, 4자엽 6%, 5자엽 5%, 6자엽 0.2% 및 나팔형 자엽 1%의 발생빈도를 나타냈다. 체세포배의 발아율은 다자엽 체세포배에서 보다 2자엽 배에서 높았다. 나팔형 자엽의 체세포배는 경엽부 발생없이 자엽과 뿌리가 다소 신장 확대되는데 그치는 등 정상적으로 발아되지 못했다. 해부학적인 관찰에서 체세포배의 뿌리와 환상 전형성층은 배축의 중간부위에서 분지되기 시작하고 자엽절을 거쳐서 자엽으로 이어지는데 배축에서 전형성층속은 자엽수와 같은 수였다. 1자엽 체세포배는 다자엽 체세포배의 각각의 자엽보다 크고 전형성층과 함께 말굽형 자엽을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 체세포배의 자엽구조는 전형성층 배열상태와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

Protoplasts isolated from inbred lines of Brassica oleracea L. var capitata (cabbage) and Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) were fused by PEG-mediated method, and somatic hybrid cells were differentiated into plants. for the identification of somatic hybrid plants, ploidy level, plant morphology, and cytological analysis were performed. All of the regenerated plants derived from fused protoplasts were shown to be 2X-4X, or higher ploidy level, presumably due to somatic hybridization or chromosome doubling. The morphology of leaves, petioles, and flowers showed an intermediate phenotype between Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Chromosome numbers in these somatic hybrids ranged mostly from 33 to 38. According to Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) pattern, signals from both fusion parents of B.campestris or B.oleracea were detected in different colors when chromosomes of putative somatic hybrids were observed.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2010

Endoreduplication is a developmental process that is unique to plants and occurs in all plants. The present study aimed to assess endoreduplication in various explant tissues and regenerated somatic embryos of Doritaenopsis. We further investigated the effects of light quality on endoreduplication and somatic embryo proliferation. To this end, we studied endoreduplication in leaves and root tips from regenerated plantlets and somatic embryos and in developing somatic embryos under 4 types of lighting conditions: red light, red + far-red light, red + blue light, and white light. We found that the degree of endoreduplication varied in different explants, and that the choice of explants used also influenced the ploidy levels of the newly regenerated somatic embryos. The DNA content of the leaf (2C-8C) was less than that of the root tip (2C-16C) and somatic embryo (2C-64C). In terms of light quality, the combination of red and far-red light produced the highest number of somatic embryos, while maintaining a low degree of endoreduplication. The data obtained indicate that this light combination stimulates somatic embryogenesis in Doritaenopsis and may exert some control on endoreduplication during cell division. These findings can be applied to achieve a reduction in somaclonal variations for the purpose of mass proliferation and genetic improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 1990

Pathogen infections or mastitis inflammations usually develop differently on each udder of lactating cow. Although healthy udders will be attacked by the mastitis pathogens or the pathogens from blood in a long term, they would not be always inflamed. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk, which is utilized as an index of mastitis diagnosis, and the relation among SCC and milk constituents will have to be examined on each udder individually. Twelve cows of a Holstein cow herd in Nasu Research Station, which were suffering clinical or non-clinical mastitis, were selected, and SCC and milk constituents on each udder milk were measured. The effects of mastitis infection on udder milk components were relatively small except lactose content on udder milks of non-clinical mastitis (SCC< $10.0{\times}10^5$ per ml milk). On udder milks of clinical mastitis, however, high negative correlations were recognized between SCC and milk components. On different sampling days, high contents of fat and protein corresponded to that of total solids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.580-585
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• 1998

The study was conducted to determine if variation in protein yield can be explained by expressions of early lactation somatic cell score (SCS) and if prediction can be improved by including SCS among the predictors. A data set was prepared (n = 663,438) from Wisconsin Dairy Improvement Association (USA) records for protein yield with sample days near 20. Stepwise regression was used requiring F statistic (p < .01) for any variable to stay in the model. Separate analyses were run for 12 combinations of four seasons and first three parities. Selection of SCS variables was not consistent across seasons or lactations. Coefficients of detennination ($R^2$) ranged from 51 to 61% with higher values for earlier lactations. Including any expression of SCS in the prediction equations improved $R^2$ by < 1 %. SCS was associated with milk yield on the sample day, but the association was not strong enough to improve the prediction of future yield when other expressions of milk yield were in the model.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The oocyte quality is of great importance in infertility as it reflects the follicle developmental potential and further affects the embryo development, clinical pregnancy outcomes. The analysis of gene expression in somatic cells is an important study to better clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in embryo selection reflecting the appropriate communication between the oocyte and somatic cells. Specifically, somatic cell transcriptomic technology can help assess biomarkers of oocyte and embryo ability. The present article aims to overview the basic aspect of folliculogenesis and review studies involving changes in candidate gene expression of cumulus or granulosa cell related to clinical outcomes in human IVF.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) continues to be the deadliest of all lung cancer types. Its high mortality is largely attributed to the unchangeable development of resistance to standard chemo/radiotherapies, which have remained invariable for the past 30 years, underlining the need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies of SCLC genome revealed a large number of somatic alterations and identified remarkable heterogeneity of the frequent mutations except for the loss of both RB and P53 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Identifying the somatic alterations scattered throughout the SCLC genome will help to define the underlying mechanism of the disease and pave the way for the discovery of therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with genomic alterations. The new technique made it possible to determine the underlying mechanism for the discovery of therapeutic targets. To these ends, the techniques have been focused on understanding the molecular determinants of SCLC.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 춘계학술세미나 및 워크숍
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

Researches on manipulation pluripotent stem cells derived from blastocysts or promordial germ cells (PGCs) have a great advantages for developing innovative technologies in various fields of life science including medicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. Since the first isolation in the mouse embryos, stem cells or stem cell-like colonies have been continuously established in the mouse of different strains, cattle, pig, rabbit, and human. In the animal species, stem cell biology is important for developing transgenic technology including disease model animal and bioreactor production. ES cell can be isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts by either mechanical operation or immunosurgery. So, mass production of blastocyst is a prerequisite factor for successful undertaking ES cell manipulation. In the case of animal ES cell research, various protocol of gamete biotechnology can be applied for improving the efficiency of stem cell research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer technique can be applied to researches on animal ES cells, since it is powerful tool for producing clone embryos containing genes of interest. In this presentation, a brief review was made for explaining how somatic cell nuclear transfer technology could contribute to improving stem cell manipulation technology.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

By screening C. elegans mutants for severe defects in germline proliferation, we isolated a new loss-of-function allele of cdc-25.1, bn115. bn115 and another previously identified loss-of-function allele nr2036 do not exhibit noticeable cell division defects in the somatic tissues but have reduced numbers of germ cells and are sterile, indicating that cdc-25.1 functions predominantly in the germ line during postembryonic development, and that cdc-25.1 activity is probably not required in somatic lineages during larval development. We analyzed cell division of germ cells and somatic tissues in bn115 homozygotes with germline-specific anti-PGL-1 immunofluorescence and GFP transgenes that express in intestinal cells, in distal tip cells, and in gonadal sheath cells, respectively. We also analyzed the expression pattern of cdc-25.1 with conventional and quantitative RT-PCR. In the presence of three other family members of cdc-25.1 in C. elegans, defects are observed only in the germ line but not in the somatic tissues in cdc-25.1 single mutants, and cdc-25.1 is expressed predominantly, if not exclusively, in the germ line during postembryonic stages. Our findings indicate that the function of cdc-25.1 is unique in the germ line but likely redundant with other members in the soma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1665-1672
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• 2008

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is a useful method to preserve endangered species and to study the reprogramming event of a nuclear donor cell by the oocyte. Although several studies of iSCNT using murine cells and bovine oocytes have been reported, the development of murine-bovine iSCNT embryos beyond the 8-cell stage has not been successful. In this paper, we examined the developmental potential of embryos reconstructed with a murine embryonic fibroblast as the nuclear donor and a bovine oocyte as the cytoplasm recipient. The reconstructed embryos were cultured in CZB (murine medium) or CR1aa (bovine medium). In addition, for the development of a murine-bovine iSCNT blastocyst, the antioxidant ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol (${\beta}ME$) was supplemented to CR1aa medium. Furthermore, to verify the mouse genome activation in murine-bovine iSCNT embryos, RT-PCR analysis of murine Xist was performed. The development of the murine-bovine iSCNT embryos cultured in CR1aa was significantly higher than that in CZB (p<0.05). With respect to the effect of BME on the development of the murine-bovine iSCNT blastocyst, addition of BME produced a significant increase in blastocyst development (p<0.05). Karyotype analysis confirmed that the reconstructed embryos were derived from murine cells (40XX). The Xist gene was gradually increased from the 8-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. This is the first report of blastocyst development of iSCNT embryos derived from murine somatic cells and bovine oocytes. These results demonstrate that bovine cytoplasm can support the development of later stages of a preimplantation embryo from murine-bovine iSCNT.