• Title/Summary/Keyword: Soluble sugars

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Degradation of Crystalline Cellulose by the Brown-rot Basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris

  • Yoon Jeong-Jun;Kim Young-Kyoon
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.487-492
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    • 2005
  • This study demonstrated that the brown rot basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris was able to degrade crystalline cellulose (Avicel). This fungus could also produce the three major cellulases (exoglucanases, endoglucanases, and $\beta-glucosidase$) when the cells were grown on $2.0\%$ Avicel. Avicel degraded by F. palustris showed a decrease in relative crystallinity from $83\%\;to\;78.5\%$ after 14 days of incubation. The characterization study indicated that optimum pH was 4.5 and optimum temperature was $70^{\circ}C$ for exoglucanase (cellobiohydrolase) activity. Hydrolysis of Avicel by the crude enzyme from F. palustris yielded 1.6 mg/ml of glucose after 43 h, which corresponded to a cellulose conversion degree of $3.2\%$. Therefore, this study revealed for the first time that the brown rot basidiomycete F. palustris produces cellulases capable of yielding soluble sugars from crystalline cellulose.

Determination of Bovine Serum Albumin by Its Enhancement Effect of Nile Blue Fluorescence

  • Lee, Sang-Hak;Suh, Jung-Kee;Li, Ming
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.45-48
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    • 2003
  • A novel fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of microgram quantities of bovine serum albumin (BSA) based on its enhancement effect of Nile Blue fluorescence at 670 nm, caused by binding of Nile Blue to BSA to produce a stable water soluble complex. The binding constant of micromole Nile Blue-BSA complex was estimated by Scatchard plot method. Under the optimal conditions, the increased fluorescence intensity was linearly related to BSA concentration in the range of 0.5-12.0 ㎍/mL. The detection limit was 0.2 ㎍/mL, and the relative standard deviation of six replicate measurements was 1.4% for 10.0 ㎍/mL BSA. There was little interference from amino acids, sugars and most of metal ions.

A Study on the Micropores of BTCA Finished Cotton Fabrics (BTCA로 방추가공된 면직물의 미세기공구조 측정)

  • 최연주;유효선
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.1078-1084
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    • 2002
  • Cotton fabrics were treated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid(BTCA) to impart durable press performance, which is formaldehyde-free DP finishing reagent. The pore structures of BTCA treated cottons were compared using a reverse gel permeation chromatographic technique(reverse GPC). A series consisting 4 kinds of water soluble sugars was used to study the elution characteristics of columns prepared from cotton fibers. From these data, differences in pore size distribution in the control and BTCA treated cottons were distinguished. BTCA crosslinks cellulose molecules provided wrinkle resistance to the treated cotton fabrics through ester linkages. Although crosslinking of cotton with BTCA reduced accessible internal volume across the entire range of pore size, differences in line pores were larger than in small pores. BTCA treated cotton exhibited reductions over 40% in large pore sizes.

Utilization of Electron Beam-Radiated Cotton Waste for Agaric Mushroom Cultivation Bed (전자빔으로 처리한 폐면의 버섯배지효과)

  • Shon, Hyo-Jung;Chung, Sun-Young;Lee, Jong-Shin;Seo, Yung-Bum
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.71-75
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    • 2009
  • Cotton waste is usually used for cultivating agaric mushroom after outdoor fermentation for a few months. Electron beam was used to break down the polymer chaims of cotton waste for increasing low molecular weight soluble sugars, which may enhance the agaric mushroom cultivation. By increasing electron beam radiation, alpha cellulose content of the cotton waste was decreased while beta cellulose content and hot water solubles were increased. Electron beam radiation over 240 kGy on cotton waste caused significant increase of mushroom yield without lowering mushroom quality.

Extraction and Component Sugar Analysis of Polysaccharides from Buckwheat (메밀의 다당류 추출과 구성당 분석)

  • Lee, Jung-Sun;Ra, Kyung-Soo;Son, Heung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.860-865
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to extract and isolate the polysaccharides from buckwheat. Also the sugar composition of the polysaccharides was investigated. The soluble and indigestible polysaccharides were isolated from supernatant and residue after enzyme treatment of raw, roast and steam buckwheat. The yields of low molecular weight soluble polysaccharides(LMS-P: MW<10 Kda) and high molecular weight soluble polysaccharides(HMS-P: MW>10 Kda) were $74.9{\sim}84.2%$ and $5.5{\sim}9.4%$, respectively. The yields of indigestible polysaccharides were low molecular weight insoluble polysaccharides; $0.8{\sim}4.2%$, crude hemicellulose; $3.2{\sim}9.6%$, alcohol insoluble hemicellulose; $0.9{\sim}1.7%$, residue; $2.0{\sim}2.4%$, respectively. The free sugars were detected in the soluble polysaccharides and low molecular weight insoluble polysaccharides but were not detected in the crude hemicellulose, alcohol insoluble hemicellulose and residue. The protein of all fraction were detected and the content was $1.0{\sim}18.9%$. The main sugar of soluble polysaccharides was glucose and the indigestible polysaccharides were composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose and galactose.

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Comparison of Changes in Cell Wall Characteristics during Storage in 'Niitaka' and 'Pingguoli' Pear Fruits (동양배 '신고'와 '사과배' 과실의 저장 중 세포벽 특성의 변화 비교)

  • Kim, Jin-Gook;Piao, Yilong;Chun, Jong-Pil;Kataoka, Ikuo;Hwang, Yong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2009
  • The characteristics of fruit ripening and cell wall modifications of two oriental pear fruits were compared during storage. The loss of fresh weight was lower in 'Pingguoli' than 'Niitaka', probably due to the difference in wax accumulation and skin structure. 'Pingguoli' produced much higher amount of ethylene and showed climacteric ripening pattern, but this response was not found in 'Niitaka'. A significant difference in soluble pectin contents was found, thus, the amount of water soluble pectins were much higher in 'Niitaka' at harvest but this difference was not significant at later stage of storage. A severe loss of water soluble pectins in 'Niitaka' was confirmed whereas a similar tendency was not found in CDTA soluble ones. Even the amount of $Na_2CO_3$ soluble pectins was relatively low, 'Pingguoli' contained approximately 2 times higher than 'Niitaka' and both cultivars showed an increasing tendency in $Na_2CO_3$ soluble polymers at later stage of storage. No significant difference in alkali soluble polysaccharides (hemicelluloses fraction) was found between both cultivars. There was a significant change in gel filtration profiles regardless of cultivars, especially in water soluble pectins resulting from severe depolymerization probably due to degradation of higher molecular weight pectins and loss of their side chains. In gel filtration profiles of $Na_2CO_3$ soluble pectins, neutral sugars were evenly distributed regardless of molecular size of pectic polymers but the decrease of high molecular weight fraction was found. In comparison of alkali soluble polymers, a similar trend was found, that is, there was no difference in gel filtration profiles but 'Niitaka' seemed to have longer side chains in alkali soluble polysaccharides in both 4% and 24% of KOH soluble fractions.

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Marketing of cleaned fresh ginseng and pre-packaging fumigation of 2-phenylethyl alcohol on ginseng storability (세척인삼 유통 현황과 포장전 2-phenylethyl Alcohol 훈증이 저장성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sun-Ik;Sung, Bong-Jae;Kim, Hyeon-Ho;Hwang, Yong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.205-212
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    • 2011
  • The potential factors for quality loss of cleaned fresh ginseng and technology to be associated with the improvement of marketability through pre-packaging fumigation were examined. Major microorganisms isolated from fresh ginseng included Botrytis cinerea, and Erwinia sp. Others such as Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium spp., Pennicilium spp., Bacillus spp. were also found at relatively low frequency. The bacterial density of vacuum packaged fresh ginseng rapidly increased during simulated marketing. Little correlation between bacterial growth and package swelling was found. In order to improve packaging method of fresh ginseng, pre-packaging treatment of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PE, 100 uL/L, 4 hr) was examined. The fumigation treatment effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria density and also effective on keeping firmness of ginseng root, especially in cortical portion. The internal gas compositions of plastic container packaged for ginseng were approximately ranged between 6 to 8% $O_2$and 3 to 4% $CO_2$. The $O_2$ level of fumigation treatment was lower than control whereas $CO_2$ level was higher. The upsurge of ethylene evolution I day after simulated marketing was found only in fumigation treatment but it returned to ordinary level at day 2. The sucrose content of 2-PE treatment was significantly reduced at 5 days after simulated marketing but reducing sugars like glucose and fructose remained at higher level. The difference in sugar levels was reduced after 10 days of simulated marketing. The decay of fresh ginseng began at the lateral or fine root, which is weak to physical damage, in general. The epidermis was more damaged. Plastic container packaging with PE fumigation could be an alternative to vacuum packaging, which allows an aerobic environment and prevents anaerobic respiration. Further study of pre-package fumigation is required to improve technology of fresh ginseng marketing.

$^{14}CO_2$ Fixation and Assimilate Transformation in Barley Leaves (보리 엽의 $^{14}CO_2$ 고정과 동화산물의 전환)

  • Paek, Kee-Yoeup;Lee, Sung-Sik
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 1988
  • Young barley plants (Hordeum vulgare) were exposed to $^{14}$ Co$_2$ for 10 and 30 minutes. Leaves were harvested and extracted for aqueous soluble metabolites which were fractionated into amino acids, sugars, sugar phosphates and organic acids. It was found that both 10 and 30 minute incubation periods had similar quantities of label but differed in the quality and quantity. It was also found that the neutral fraction (sugars, phosphate esters and organic acids) had 4.5 times more label than the amino acid fraction at 10 minutes and only about 1.7 times at 30 minutes. Label increased moderately from 10 minutes in the sugar fraction where there was a large increase in the amino acid fraction, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Photosynthetic rate was found to be quite different when the 10 minute incubation and the 30 minute incubation were compared (0.125 vs 0.034 and 0.042 $\mu$mole co$_2$/mg chlorophy 11/min respectively).

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Chemical Properties of Pine Sprout Tea and Identification of the Related Yeasts (송순차의 화학적 특성 및 품질관련 효모의 동정)

  • Kang, Jeong-Hwa;Yoo, Maeng-Ja;Chung, Hee-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.233-239
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    • 2000
  • In order to optimize the quality of pine sprout tea, its chemical properties were analyzed and the yeasts associated with the quality of pine sprout tea during the storage were isolated and identified. In proximate composition moisture content was 20.13%, but other components except sugar were relatively low. Sugars such as glucose(30.15%), fructose(19.57%), and sucrose(9.27%) were major sugars which contained up to 76.73%. Total vitamin C and soluble tannin contents were 11.31 mg% and 68.31 mg%, respectively. Thirteen kinds of free amino acids were detected, but they were contained only in trace. In fatty acid composition 64.69% of fatty aids composed mainly of saturated fatty acids and major fatty acids were oleic acid, palmitic acid, and tricosaenoic acid. Among 8 mineral elements detected, calcium content was highest with 79.00 mg% and followed by potassium(45.16 mg%) and magnesium(8.93 mg%). The sweetness of pine sprout tea was gradually decreased from $70^{\circ}\;Brix\;to\;63^{\circ}\;Brix$ and 3.2% of ethanol at the initial concentration was increased to 6.0% during the storage of 40 days. The yeasts associated with the quality and alcohol formation of pine sprout tea during the storage were identified by Biolog MicrostationlTM system, as Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Kluyveromyces lodderae, Kluyveromyces wickerhamii, and Pichia fluxuum.

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Evaluation of Quality of Red Pepper with variations in Drying Methods (건조방법에 따른 건고추의 품질평가)

  • 김재열;금동혁
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 1996
  • In order to produce the high-quality of dried red pepper with respect to a color and a taste we developed a automatic drier equipped with combined several heat energies(ADCHE). and compared the quality of ADCHE-treated red pepper with that of the pepper treated with conventional dryings such as natural, hot-air, and far-infrared ray dryings. The results obtained were as follows : (1) The contents of capsanthin varied significantly with drying methods within the range of 1.7 to 6. 4mg/g dry weight. The capsanthin level of red pepper treated with far-infrared ray drying was higher than that of the pepper treated with ADCHE showed the highest at 51.46mg/g dry weight of three drying methods. (2) As a result of determination of color intensity of-red-pepper using-a colorimeter, the red color intensity of the peppers was affected by drying methods irrespective of drying temperature, and especially a value of red pepper treated with ADCHE was appeared to be 19. 1, indicated that this pepper have the most bright color intensity. (3) The contents of soluble browing subatances increased with a increase in drying temperature, but L* value of red pepper treated with ADCHE was appeared to be 0.187, indicated that this red pepper have the most clear red color (4) The changes of capsanthin level of red pepper according to drying methodes did not show significantly, but generally a decreasing rate of capsanthin levels were lower in that order ADCHE

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