• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.210-214
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• 1985

Urokinase, a plasminogen activator, was conjugated with dextran by the cyanogen bromide activation-coupling method. The resulting water-soluble conjugate was purified by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The maximal activity was obtained when the ratio of urokinase/dextran was 1/20 for the coupling. The final preparation showed 5 CTA units/mg conjugate, 300 CTA units/mg protein, 8.4 % activity retention, and 47 % protein retention. The urokinase-dextran conjugate had good thermal, pH and storage stabilities. In addition, it showed greater resistance to the inhibitory effect of human plasma than native urokinase. Also in vitro biological half-life of urokinase increased 40 times by this conjugation. In view of activity, excellent stability and increased half-life, the conjugate can be a potential fibrinolytic agent in an injectable form.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.236.3-237
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• 2003

Fine particles of water-soluble pharmaceuticals were prepared using a new micronization method, Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization in a Bubble Dryer(CAN-BD). The process utilized mixtures of CO$_2$ in aqueous solution at supercritical conditions to form an emulsion. The aerosols were dried with pre-heated nitrogen, and the drying chamber was operated at near atmospheric pressure. The dry particles were collected on membrane filter at the bottom of the drying chamber. Several processing parameters such as flow rate, temperature, pressure, solid concentration and processing scale were accessed using NaCl, human serum albumin, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as model pharmaceuticals. (omitted)

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2000

전라북도 김제시 금산면 소재 옥성 동-아연 주변 농경지 토양중에 존재하는 중금속의 식물흡수도와 이동도를 예측하기 위해 연속추출법을 이용한 화학적 형태조사 및 폐광산 유출수가 주변 농업용수에 끼치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양중 각 중금속의 화학적 형태별 함량 분포는 Cd의 경우 organically bound > exchangeable > carbonate > residual > sulfide form, Zn 의 경우 residual > sulfide > exchangeable > organically bound > carbonate > water soluble form, Cu와 Pb의 경우 carbonate > residual > organically form > sulfide > exchangeable form, Cr은 residual > organically bound > sulfide > carbonate > exchangeable form, 그리고 Ni는 residual > exchangeable > sulfide > carbonate > organically bound form의 순서로 나타났다. 중금속의 화학적 형태별 함량 분석 결과 치환태 중금속의 함량은 각각 Cd 30.2%, Zn 11.3%, Cu 2.0%, Pb 4.6%, Cr 0.6%, Ni 3.9%로 나타나, 중금속의 이동성과 식물체의 가급성은 Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Zn > Cd의 순서로 나타났다. 폐광 갱내수중 중금속의 평균 함량은 Cd 0.01, Zn 27.35, Cu 4.86, Pb 1.04, Cr 0.03, Ni $0.08mg\;L^{-1}$, 폐광 유출수의 경우 Zn 16.67, Cu 0.59, Pb 049, Cr 0.05, Ni $0.06mg\;L^{-1}$, 주변 농업용수의 경우 Zn 1.26, Cu 0.05, Pb 0.05, Ni $0.02mg\;L^{-1}$로 나타났으며, Cd, Cr은 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1981

S. aureus를 TCA로 처리(處理)하여 저분자물질(低分子物質)을 추출(抽出)한 후(後) STS법(法)에 준(準)하여 지질핵산(脂質核酸), 단백질(蛋白質) 및 잔사(殘渣)로 분획(分劃)하였다. 이와 아울러 초음파처리(超音波處理)로 균체(菌體)를 파쇄(破碎)한 후(後) 원심(遠心)침전을 SDS 및 Formamide를 사용(使用)하여 축차적(縮次的)으로 가용성(可溶性) 획분(劃分)을 추출(抽出)하고 얻어진 각(各) 획분(劃分)의 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)하였다. 그 결과(結果), 초음파(超音波)로 파쇄(破碎)한 균(菌)의 원심상징액(遠心上澄液)에서 균체(菌體) DNA의 91.3%가 검출(檢出)되었고 원심침전(遠心沈澱)으로부터는 SDS 처리(處理)에 의(依)하여 높은 비활성(比活性)(13.67unit/mg Protein)의 Malate dehydrogenase가 유지되었다. 한편, SDS 처리균(處理菌)의 원심침전물(遠心沈澱物)을 다시 열(熱) Formamide $150^{\circ}C$로 추출(抽出)하고 가용성획분(可溶性劃分) 및 잔사(殘渣)를 각각(各各) 산(酸) 가수분해(加水分解)한 후(後) Paper chromatsgraph하여 잔사(殘渣)로부터 Glucosamine을 확인(確認)하였다. 그러나 가용성획분(可溶性劃分)은 Ninhydrin반응(反應)에는 음성(陰性)이었고 환원당반응(還元糖反應)은 음성(陰性)이었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 부터 초음파(超音波)로 파쇄(破碎)한 균체(菌體)의 원심상징액(遠心上澄液)은 주(主)로 원형질획분(原形質劃分)이며 SDS 및 Formamide에 의(依)하여 용출(溶出)되어 나온것은 각각(各各) 원형질막(原形質膜) 및 세포벽(細胞壁)의 Polysaccharide 획분(劃分)으로, Formamide 불용성분(不溶性分)은 Peptidsglycan 획분(劃分)으로 판정(判定)되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 1999

수용성 규산나트륨 빌더를 개발하기 위하여 물유리와 수산화나륨을 적정비율로 혼합한 후 메탄올에 분산시켜 $SiO_2/Na_2O$의 몰 비율이 2.4∼2.8인 무정형 규산나트륨 고체분말을 제조하였다. 이때 규산나트륨의 $SiO_2/Na_2O$의 몰비, 용해도, thermogram, SEM, BET 등을 통하여 그 물리적 특성을 조사하였으며 빌더로서의 기본적인 특성을 규명하기 위해 $SiO_2/Na_2O$의 몰비가 1.0, 2.4, 2.8인 규산나트륨 빌더와 제올라이트를 사용하여 pH 유지능력, 온도에 따른 칼슘이온 결합능, 계면활성제 흡착능 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과 수용성 규산나트륨 화합물이 세제용빌더로서 가져야할 특성인 pH 유지능력 및 용해도에 있어서 제올라이트 보다 우수한 성능을 나타냈으나 칼슘이온 결합능 및 계면활성제 흡착능은 낮게 나타났으며, 규산나트륨의 $SiO_2/Na_2O$의 비율이 증가할수록 pH 유지능력과 이온교환능력은 감소하지만 계면활성제 흡착능력은 다소 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1067-1078
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• 2004

Atmospheric particulate matters were collected by 8-stage non viable cascade impactor from October 2002 to August at Jeju City. Eight water-soluble ionic components $(Na^+,\;NH_{4}_{+},\;K^+,\;Ca{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;CI^-,\;NO_{3}^-\;and\;SO_{4}^{2-})$ were analyzed by Ion Chromatography. The concentration of particulate matters and eight water-soluble ionic components were determined to investigate their size distributions. Particulate matters exhibited a tri-modal distribution with peak value around $0.9,\;4.0{\mu}m\;and\;9.5{\mu}m.$ In summer, the last peak value was lower than other season values likely due to particulate matter scavenged by rain water. Four ionic components $(Na^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;CI^-)$ exhibited a bi-modal distribution in the coarse mode whereas three ionic components $(NH_{4}^+,\;K^+\;and\;SO_{4}^{2-})$ in the fine mode, with maximum peak value around $0.9{\mu}m.\;NO_{3}^-$ was found in both the coarse and the fine mode. The enrichment factor (E.F.) of each ionic components was calculated. Based upon E.F., it is considered that $Na^+,\;CI^-,\;and\;K^+$ in coarse paricle mode were delivered form oceanic source, but other components might have other source origins.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2004

The highly water-soluble monomethoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) (mPEG) prod rugs of cyciosporin A(CsA) were synthesized. These prod rugs were prepared by initially preparing intermediate in the form of carbonate at the 3'-positions of CsA with chloromethyl chloroformate, in the pres-ence of a base to provide a 3'-carbonated CsA intermediate. Reaction of the CsA intermediate with mPEG derivative in the presence of a base provides the desired water-soluble prod rugs. As a model, we chose molecular weight 5 kDa mPEG in the reaction with CsA to give water soluble prodrugs. To prove that the prod rug is decomposed in the body to produce CsA, the enzymatic hydrolysis test was conducted using human liver homogenate at $37^{\circ}C$. The prodrug was decomposed in human liver homogenate to produce the active material, CsA, and the hydrolysis half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of the prodrug, KI-306 was 2.2 minutes at $37^{\circ}C$. However, a demon-stration of non-enzymatic conversion in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was provided by the fact that the half-life ($t_{1/2}$) is 21 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$. The hydrolysis test in rat whole blood was also conducted. The hydrolysis was seen with half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of about 9.9, 65.0, 14.2, 3.4, 2.1 9.5, and 1.6 minutes for KI-306, 309, 312, 313, 315, 316, and 317, respectively. This is the ideal for CsA prodrug. The pharmacokinetic study of the prodrug, KI-306, in comparison to the commer-cial product (Sandimmune Neoral Solution) was also carried out after single oral dose. Each rat received 7 mg／kg of CsA equivalent dose. Especially, the prodrug KI-306 exhibits higher AUC and $C_{max}$ than the conventional Neoral. The AUC and $C_{max}$ were increased nearly 1.5 fold. The kinetic value was also seen with $T_{max}$ of about 1.43 and 2.44 hours for KI-306 and Neoral, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.727-736
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• 2016

The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the $PM_{2.5}$ were determined at the highland site with 1,100 m above sea level on Jeju Island from June 2013 to November 2014. Yearly averaged mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was $11.97{\pm}8.63{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were highest during the spring, while they tended to be lowest during the summer. Eight water soluble ionic species attributed 45.5% to $PM_{2.5}$ mass. $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were major ions, which occupied to 27.9%, 3.7% and 12.3%, respectively. The greatest contributors to total mass concentration of water-soluble ions contained in $PM_{2.5}$ were sulfate, ammonium and nitrate. These three ions accounted for 96.6% in total ions mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$. We could infer that these three secondary ions exist mostly in the form of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $NH_4NO_3$. $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ had a good relationship and with r=0.9. The molar ratio of $Mg^{2+}/Ca^{2+}$ in this study was lower than the value observed in sea water and higher than that in soil dust, indicating that these two ions originated from other sources rather than ocean and soil dust in this study.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Objectives : Specifications by Processing Methods of Liriope platyphylla (LP) was not established in korea. We carried out method study for manufacture of LP. Above all, LP were purchased and were processed at four kinds. First group had hearts of swelling roots, not cut bodies(LP-A). Second group had not hearts of swelling roots, not cut bodies(LP-B). Third group had hearts of swelling roots, cut bodies(LP-C). Forth group had an aggregate of hearts of swelling roots(LP-D). Methods : We has gained losses on drying, contents of ethanol-soluble extracts, contents of water-soluble extracts and contents of spicatoside A. Results : 1. Losses on drying of all group were less than 18% that is a standard of chinese pharmacopoeia. 2. Contents of ethanol-soluble extracts at LP-C, LP-D were included more than contents of those in the other groups in significance levels. 3. Contents of water-soluble extracts at LP-A, LP-C were included more than contents of those in the other groups in significance levels. 4. Contents of spicatoside A in LP-B were included more than content of spicatoside A in the other groups in significance levels. Resultingly, standards of LP in korea were proposed compatible proposals suggested as below. 1. Losses on drying of LP were less than 15% that is less than that of chinese pharmacopoeia. 2. Form to boil in water must be cutting body with heart of swelling root. 3. Because there is no content of spicatoside A in heart of swelling root, it is not suited to purpose a index component. Conclusions : The subjects of loss on drying and form of LP to boil in water must be contained in korean pharmacopoeia. Moreover, because of much valuable LP in food and medicine, it is urgently required aspect of index component such as spicatoside B, spicatoside C, flavonoid, polysaccharide having medical actions and so on.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2007

E. coli에서 Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii 유래의 alginate lyase유전자(aly)를 발현시킬 때, 대부분의 단백질이 불용성 내포체 형태로 발현됨을 확인하였다. Alginate lyase를 가용성 활성형으로 생산하기 위해 aly와 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE 또는 aly와 GroEL/ES을 공발현하는 형질전환체를 얻었다. 공발현 결과, 단백질의 올바른 접힘을 도와주는 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone이 가용성 및 활성형의 alginate lyase 생산에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone의 발현에 유도제인 L-arabinose 최적 농도는 0.05 mg/ml이었으며, 이러한 공발현에 의해 약 34%의 alginate lyase가 가용성 분획에서 생산되었다. 또한 10%의 cetylpyridinium chloride를 첨가함으로써, 공발현 콜로니 주위에 투명환이 형성됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 활성형 alginate lyase 효소에 의해 alginate가 분해되었음을 시사하였다.