• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.556-561
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• 1995

등숙기간중 벼의 탄소동화율과 기공전도도 그리고 수용성 탄수화물농도의 내생리듬을 알아보기 위하여 자연상태의 광주기 조건에서 재배된 벼를 일정한 환경조건으로 옮긴 다음 지엽을 대상으로 이들의 반응을 관찰하였다. 자연상태의 광조건에서 성장한 벼의 탄소동화율은 약 24시간을 1주기로 하여 일정한 진폭으로 변화되었으며, 정오에 최고에 달하고 한밤중에 최저에 이르나 72시간이 경화할 때 쯤 변화의 폭은 점차적으로 줄어 들어 120시에는 최고, 최저에 도달하는 시각이 바뀌어 정오에 최저에 달하고 한밤중에 최고에 이르는 현상을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 반응은 기공전도도에서도 찾아볼 수 있어 이들 관계는 매우 밀접함을 보였다. 반면, 개화 후 14일 동안 낮과 밤 모두 일정한 광조건에서 성장한 벼의 탄소동화도율과 기공전도도의 반응은 전자와 같이 주기적인 폭의 변화를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 잎내의 수용성 탄수화물 농도의 변화 또한 탄소동화율과 기공전도도의 변화에서 나타나는 현상과 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 이상에서 탄소동화율과 기공전도도 그리고 수용성 탄수화물의 내생림듬은 작물에 부분적으로 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사하며, 또한 이들은 광주기(photoperiod)에 의존적이기 때문에 광주기가 탄소동화작용 및 수용성 탄수화물 형성에 중요한 조절 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 1997

Dynamic parameters of biochemistry including the contents of soluble carbohydrate (SC) , crude fat (CF) , fatty arid (FA) and soluble protein (SP) in American send (Panax qufnquelolium L.) seed are reported in the present paper. When embryo ratio (ER) increased from 7.31 to 20.48%, the SC content decreased from 4.08 to 1.16%. After that, SC content changed little. The CF content decreased successively from 34.50 to 14.40% from the beginning to the end during the embryo afterripening. The changes of FA content did not correlate with that of ER and the changing range of SP content was not large during the seed stratification. All of these may provide some information for understanding the dormancy mechanisms of American seng seed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1044-1058
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize physiochemical and nutrient profiles of feedstock and co-products from canola bio-oil processing that were impacted by source origin. The feedstocks and co-products (mash, pellet) were randomly collected from five different bio-oil processing plants with five different batches of samples in each bio-processing plant in Canada (CA) and China (CH). Methods: The detailed chemical composition, energy profile, total digestible nutrient (TDN), protein and carbohydrate subfractions, and their degradation and digestion (CNCPS6.5) were determined. Results: The results showed that TDN_1x was similar in meals between CA and CH. CH meals and feedstock had higher, truly digestible crude protein (tdCP) and neutral detergent fiber (tdNDF) than CA while CA had higher truly digestible non-fiber carbohydrate (tdNFC). The metabolizable energy (ME_3x), net energy (NE_Lp3x, NE_m3x, and NE_g3x) were similar in meals between CA and CH. No differences were observed in energy profile of seeds between CA and CH. The protein and carbohydrate subfractions of seeds within CH were similar. The results also showed that pelleting of meals affected protein sub-fractionation of CA meals, except rapidly degradable fractions (PB1), rumen degradable (RDPB1) and undegrdable PB1 (RUPB1), and intestinal digestible PB1 (DIGPB1). Canola meals were different in the soluble (PA2) and slowly degradable fractions (PB2) between CA and CH. The carbohydrate fractions of intermediately degradable fraction (CB2), slowly degradable fraction (CB3), and undegradable fraction (CC) were different among CH meals. CH presented higher soluble carbohydrate (CA4) and lower CB2, and CC than CA meals. Conclusion: The results indicated that although the seeds were similar within and between CA and CH, either oil-extraction process or meal pelleting seemed to have generated significantly different aspects in physiochemical and nutrient profiles in the meals. Nutritionists and producers need to regularly check nutritional value of meal mash and pellets for precision feeding.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2001

To investigate the changes of carbohydrate metabolism in the senescing leaves of Zea mays during dark-induced senescence, the changes in the contents of reducing sugar, sucrose and starch as well as the activities of sucrose synthase, three isozymes of invertase, and ${\alpha}$-amylase were measured. In the senescing leaves, the content of reducing sugars temporarily increased at 4 d and rapidly decreased thereafter, whereas sucrose contents gradually decreased thereafter, whereas sucrose contents gradually decreased until 3 d of senscence and significantly decreased thereafter. The activities of intracellular invertases such as soluble acid and alkaline formed gradually enhanced until 4 d of leaf senescence and significantly declined thereafter. The extracellular invertase activity showed no significant changes during leaf senescence. The deactivation of sucrose synthase was observed within 3 d of leaf senscence. On the other hand, the starch contents gradually declined during 2 d of leaf senescence, and showed a temporary increase at 3 d, which is similar to the pattern of sucrose synthase activity., These results imply that sucrose in the senescing leaves. The major enzymes which correlated to the breakdown of sucrose during dark-induced senescence were soluble acid and alkaline invertases, not sucrose and ABA accelerated leaf senescence by inducing the accumulation of reducing sugar. These result, therefore, that leaf senescence may be mediated by the temporary quantitative changes of reducing sugar induced by the activation of intracellualr inveertases.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2000

Two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), Hwa-seongbyeo of Japonica type and Taebackbyeo of Indica/Japonica type, were cultivated with hydroponic culture to examine nitrogen effects on the growth responses, contents and utilizations of carbohydrates, and the ripening velocity of grains with three different N levels. Plant height and tiller number were clearly increased to 80 ppm N level compared to 40 ppm N level and then they were slightly decreased in N level of 120 ppm. Higher dry weights were appeared with 80 ppm N level than did with other N levels, showing statistically differences in both cultivars and N levels, while dry weight of roots was heavier with decreasing the N levels. Therefore, T/R ratios were not significantly different among N levels, although there was statistically differences between rice cultivars. After the flowering stage, higher water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and water-insoluble carbohydrate (WISC) were contained in stem compared with other parts, showing that WISC of sheath and stem, unlike WSC, was significantly different among N levels. Starch of grain, WISC, was remarkedly increased from 3.0% at just after the flowering to 52.0% and 75.0% at 15 and 30 day after the flowering, respectively, showing that lower N application had faster accumulation of starch in rice grains. N would affect the contents of carbohydrates of each tissue, and starch accumulation in rice grains.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1995

Soluble solids and total carbohydrates of Citrus miyakawa wase harvested middle of November 1993 Topyung-Dong, Seogwipo-si, and Cheju were 10.7 and 8.57%, and carbohydrate was consisted of about 1/2 sucrose, 1/4 glucose and 1/4 fructose, respectively. Acid content of citrus Juice was 1.04%, and citric acid was 74.27% of total organic acids. Fruit weight, peel thickness, soluble solids, pH, hardness and edible part ratio had a good correlation in linear function with increasing fruit size. Total carbohydrate, reducing sugar and vitamin C of citrus jam made on optimum conditions were 65.33%, 27.98%, and 51.40mg/100g , respectively. Microbial growth on the products were not recognized at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for a month. Compared with other related citrus jellying products, the test sample was excellent in appear ance, taste and total preference degree on sensory evaluation.

• 한국임산에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산림바이오에너지학회 1999년도 정기총회 및 학술연구발표회
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• pp.41-42
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• 1999

• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2001년도 제25회 정기총회 프로그램 제39회 학술발표회 및 특별강연 초록(한국초지학회)
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• pp.97-97
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• 2001

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2006

Germination characteristics and alterations in soluble sugar-starch transition and phytic acid during germination were studied in rice seeds under saline conditions. NaCl significantly reduced the speed of germination. Also, the radicle growth out of seeds was severely inhibited by the exposure to NaCl solution, thus, seeds were almost impossible to grow to seedlings. Soluble sugar was remarkably accumulated, whereas starch was decomposed stepwise during seed germination. The metabolism of soluble sugar and starch in germinating seeds showed a distinct difference. The level of phytic acid in seeds decreased in all NaCl treatments during germination, but the level was affected differently by NaCl concentration in the two varieties. Overall, our results suggest that salt stress retard the radicle growth of rice seeds, and affect the starch-to-sugar conversion and the decomposition of phytic acid differently in two varieties.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2001

Carbohydrate and soluble protein reserves and regrowth characteristics in response to cutting height were investigated over four regrowth cycles of turf-type perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L. cv. preludeII). When the plants were at the full-vegetative stage (twelve weeks-old), three sequential defoliations at 3, 6 and 9 cm above the root base were imposed at 2-week intervals. Shoot dry weight in all three treatments continuously decreased with progressing regrowth cycle and the decreasing rate was higher as cutting height was lowered. TNC (total non-structural carbohydrate) in stubble at the end of the fourth regrowth cycle in 3, 6 and 9 cm cutting height decreased by 98%, 82% and 27%, respectively, comparing the initial content. TNC in roots also largely decreased with similar pattern in response to cutting height, whereas the absolute amount was much less compared to stubble. Soluble protein in stubble in 3, 6 and 9 cm cutting height decreased by 98%, 82% and 57%, respectively, at the end of fourth regrowth. A significant correlations between TNC (r=0.906) or protein (r=0.879) at the fourth defoliation and dry weight of regrowing shoots at the end of fourth regrowth were observed. these results indicated that cutting height closely influences the levels of organic reserves available for new growth, and that the levels of reserves might provide a useful tool as a determinant for regrowth dynamics.