• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated effect of particle size on arsenic solid-state speciation and bioaccessibility in soils highly contaminated with arsenic from smelting and mining. Soils were partitioned into six particle size fractions ($2000-500{\mu}m$, $500-250{\mu}m$, $250-150{\mu}m$, $150-75{\mu}m$, $75-38{\mu}m$, <$38{\mu}m$), and arsenic solid-state speciation and bioaccessibility were characterized in each particle size fraction. Arsenic solid-state speciation was characterized via sequential extraction and XRD analysis, and arsenic bioaccessibility was evaluated by SBRC (Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium) method. In smelter site soil, arsenic was mainly present as arsenic bound to amorphous iron oxides. Fine particle size fractions showed higher arsenic concentration, but lower arsenic bioaccessibility. On the other hand, arsenic in mine site soil showed highest concentration in largest particle size fraction ($2000-500{\mu}m$), while higher bioaccessibility was observed in smaller particle size fractions. Arsenic in mine site soil was mainly present as arsenolite ($As_2O_3$) phase, which seemed to affect the distribution of arsenic and arsenic bioaccessibility in different particle size fractions of the mine soil.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2003

Ecosystems in the Keweenaw Peninsula region of Lake Superior, USA, were disturbed by over 500 million tons of copper-rich mine tailings during the period 1850-1968. Metals leaching from these mine residues have had dramatic effects on the ecosystems. Vast acreages of exposed tailings that are over 100 years old remain unvegetated because of the combination of metal toxicity, absence of nutrients, and temperature and water stress. Therefore, it is important to characterize and fractionate solid copper phases for assessing labile forms of copper in soils and sediments contaminated by the mining wastes. X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that calcite, quartz, hematite, orthoclase, and sanidine minerals are present as major minerals, whereas cuprite,tenorite, malachite, and chalcopyrite might be present as copper minerals in the mining wastes. Sequential extraction technique revealed that carbonate and oxide fractions were the largest pools of copper (ca. 50-80%) in lakeshore and wetland stamp sands whereas the organic matter fraction was the largest reservoir (ca. 32%) in the lake sediments. The concentrations of iron and copper were inversely correlated in the oxide fraction suggesting that copper may occur as a surface coating on iron oxides. As particle size and water contents decrease, the percent of the copper bound to the labile carbonate fraction increases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.517-531
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• 2002

The speciation and solubility of Am, Np, Pu and U have been analyzed by means of the geochemical code MUGREM, under the chemical conditions of domestic deep groundwater, in order to support the preliminary safety assessment for a Korean HLW disposal concept. Under the conditions of groundwaters studied, the stable solid phase is AmOHC $O_3$(s) or Am(OH)$_3$(s), soddyite((U $O_2$)$_2$ $SiO_2$.2$H_2O$) or N $a_2$ $U_2$ $O_{7}$ (c), Np(OH)$_4$(am), and Pu(OH)$_4$(am) for Am, U, Np, and Pu, respectively. The dominating aqueous species are as follows: the complexes of Am(III), Am(OH)$_2$$^{+}$ and Am(C $O_3$)$_2$$^{[-10]}$ , the complexes of U(VI), U $O_2$(OH)$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and U $O_2$(C $O_3$)$_3$$^{4-}$, the complexes of Np(IV), Np(OH)$_4$(aq) and Np(OH)$_3$C $O_3$, and the complexes of Pu(IV), Pu(OH)$_4$(aq) and Pu(OH)$_3$C $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ . The calculated solubilities exist between 1.9E-10 and 1.3E-9 mol/L for Am, between 5.6E-6 and 1.2E-4 mol/L for U, between 3.1E-9 and 1.3E-8 mol/L for Np, and between 6.6E-10 and 2.4E-10 mol/L for Pu, depending on groundwater conditions. The present solubilities of each actinide agree well with the results of other studies obtained under similar conditions.s.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Arsenic which is found in several different chemical forms and oxidation states and causes acute and chronic adverse health effects is a toxic trace element widely distributed in soils and aquifers from both geologic and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic which has a mysterious ability to change color, behavior, reactivity, and toxicity has diverse chemical behavior in the natural environment. Arsenic which has stronger ability to readily change oxidation state than nitrogen and phosphorus due to a consequence of the electronic configuration of its valence orbitals with partially filled states capable of both electron donation and acceptance although the electronegativity of arsenic is greater than that of nitrogen and similar to that of phosphorus. Arsenate (V) is the thermodynamically stable form of As under aerobic condition and interacts strongly with solid matrix. However, it has been known that adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite (III) which is more soluble and mobile than As(V) in soils are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment. That is, the movement of As in soils and aquifers is highly dependent on the adsorption-desorption reactions in the solid phase. This article, however, focuses primarily on understanding the fate and speciation of As in soils and what fate arsenic will have after it is incorporated into soils.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.20-34
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• 2006

이 연구는 부산시 회동저수지의 집수분지 내 7번국도 도로변 퇴적물(70개 시료 미량원소(아연, 구리, 납, 크롬, 니켈 및 카드뮴) 함량에 미치는 인위적인 오염 및 연속추출방법을 이용하여 미량원소의 잠재적인 이동도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이번 연구에서는 특히 아연, 구리 및 납의 함량이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이들 원소가 인위적인 오염에 의해 영향을 받고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 오염되지 않은 회동저수지 집수유역 내 하천퇴적물의 미량원소 평균함량과 비교하면, 집수유역 내 국도 도로변 퇴적물은 구리가 7배, 아연이 4배, 납과 크롬이 3배, 비소와 니켈이 2배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연속추출방법에 의한 존재형태 연구결과는 각각 전체 함량의 29.3%와 25.8%가 이온교환형으로 존재하는 카드뮴과 니켈을 제외하면 대부분의 미량원소는 이온교환형태로 존재하는 양이 크게 않음을 지시 하였다. 아연(51%)과 납(45.2%)과 같은 금속은 주로 비정질산화광물과 수반된 형태이었으며, 따라서 pH가 감소하거나 산화환원전위의 변화에 의해 잠재적으로 용해될 수 있다. 구리는 주로 유기물형태로 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, 카드뮴은 양이온교환형태가 가장 우세하였고 크롬과 니켈은 잔류형태가 우세하였다. 양이온교환형태와 탄산염광물과 수반된 형태의 금속함량 비율을 고려하면, 금속의 상대적인 이동도는 Cd>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cu의 순서로 감소한다. 총 함량자료로 볼 때 아연 함량이 높아 가장 해로운 원소일 것으로 보일지라도, 금속의 존재형태에 관한 자료는 도로 유출수에 가장 유해한 미량원소는 카드뮴, 니켈 및 납일 것으로 예측되었다. 산화환원전위 및 pH가 변화한다면 탄산염광물, 비정질산화광물 혹은 유기물 등의 형태로 수반된 금속은 재이동할 수 있을 것이며, 용해된 금속이온은 회동저수지 집수분지 내 수계로 유입될 수 있으므로 환경적인 현황에 대한 정밀한 모니터링이 매우 중요한 것으로 보인다.