• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-121
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine how solid the production foundation of rice in Chung-Nam Province is, and, if not, to probe alternative measures through the size of farms specializing in rice, of which direction would be a pivot of rice industry-oriented policy. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1. The amount of rice production in Chung-Nam Province is highest in Korea and the size of paddy field area is the second largest : This implying that the probability that rice production in Chung-Nam Province would be severely influenced by a global trend of market conditions. The number of farms specializing in rice becoming the core group of rice farming account for 7.7 percent of the total number of farm household in Korea. Average field area financial support which had been input to farm household by Government had a noticeable effect on the improvement of the policy of farm-size program. 2. Farm-size program in Chung-Nam Province established from 1980 to 2002 in creased the cultivation size of paddy field to 19,484 hectares, and this program enhanced the buying and selling of farmland and the number of farmland bargain reached 6,431 household and 16,517 hectares, respectively, in 1995-2002. Meanwhile, long-term letting and hiring of farmland appeared so active that the bargain acreage reached 6,970 hectares, and farm involved was 7,059 households, however, the farm-exchange-and-unity program did not satisfy our expectation, because the retirement farm operators reluctantly participated to sell their farms. Another reason that had delayed the bargain of farms rested on the general category of social complication attendant upon the exchange and unity operation for scattered farm. Such difficulties would work negative effects out to carry on the target of farm-size work in general. 3. The following measures were presented to propel the farm-size promotion program : a. Occupation shift project, followed by the social security program for retirement and elderly farm operators, should be promptly established and also a number of types of incentives for promoting the letting and hiring work and farm-exchange-and-unity program would also be set up. b. To establish the effective key system of rice production, all the farm operators should increase the unit area yield of rice and lower the production cost. To do so, a great deal of production teams of rice equipped with managerial techniques and capabilities need to be organized. And, also, there should be appropriate arrays of facilities including information system. This plan is desirable to be in line with a diversity of the structural implement of regional integration based on farm system building. c. To extend the size of farm and to improve farm management, we have to devise the enlargement of individual size of farm for maximized management and the utilization of farm-size grouping method. In conclusion, it can be said that the farm-size project in Chung-Nam Province which has continued since the 1980s was satisfactorily achieved. However, we still have a lot of problems to be solved to break down the barrier for attainment of the desirable farm-size operation work.. Farm-size project has fairly close relation with farm specialization in rice and, thus, the positive support for farm household including the integrated program for both retirement farmers and off-farm operators should be considered to pursue the progressive development of the farm-size program, which is key means to successful achievement of rice farming enforcement in Chung-Nam Province.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2011

The status and changes of water quality of national fishing harbors and designated ports in East Coast of Korea were analyzed to support establishment effective water environmental management. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentration was satisfied to designated water quality criteria in most areas, but TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) exceeded the criteria frequently. Also, peak concentration was summer in COD and SS (Suspended Solid), but winter in TP. Eutrophication index of Ganggu and Pohang (old) area were the highest. Pollution index by function of COD, TN, and TP of Ganggu, Pohang, Jumunjin, and Guryongpo was high with gradual increasing recently, on the contrary, that of Samcheok, Imwon, and Chuksan was decreased. Pollution index involving multi-indictors relation to organics and inorganics was necessary for water quality assessment. Designated water quality criteria needed to be improved because the criteria of Jukbyun and Chuksan was applied more strictly compared to the other regions although without difference of environmental characteristics. Furthermore, the criteria notified lately needed to be related to management pollutants from land-based sources. The continuous diagnosis and monitoring on sediment quality within the study area were necessary for prevention of water pollution and eco-friendly disposal of dredged sediment. Especially, monitoring of Designated Ports was implemented partially, however monitoring ratio of National Fishing Har-bors was 7% to whole part. Therefore, systematic and integrated environmental monitoring for ports and harbors with charge of national management was reestablished by strengthening and securing a legal basis.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2000

In Kyeongsang basin, there were very dynamic magmatic activities, resulting to form volcanic and plutonic rocks. A plutonic recycle appeared in this region. Presumption of the pressure for hornblende-bearing granitic rock among the plutonic rocks, can support important informations for the emplacement depth of Cretaceous Bulgugsa granites in Kyeongsang basin. $Al^T$(Al total) contents of hornblende is related to the pressure, oxygen fugacity, and compositions of other minerals having the solid solution. So we apply the $Al^T$ content of hornblende to several empirical and experimental geobarometer systems to presume the pressure and to determine the emplacement depth of Cretaceous Bulgugsa granites in Kyeongsang basin from the inferred pressure. With the result that we applied the $Al^T$ contents of hornblende to the various geobarometers, there was a positive relationship between the pressure and $Al^T$. The minimum pressure value ranges from 0.73 to 1.70kbar in Kyeongju and the maximum value from 2.02 to 3.16kbar in Kimhae. And then the tectonic setting in Kyeongsang basin has no relation to the emplacement depth of Cretaceous granites and means variations with the movement of vertical component in each area. As we suppose that the density of earth's crust is $2.8g/cm^3$, the average values of the emplacement depth ranges in each area range from 2.6 to 11.4km. These data confirm the previous idea about the emplacement depth of Cretaceous granites in Kyeongsang basin, and these geobarometers using the $Al^T$ contents of hornblende is available though they have much limits. Therefore Cretaceous Bulgugsa granites in Kyeongsang basin was the shallow depth intrusive rut and the exposed granites was the shallow depth crust.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-239
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• 2010

Bone loss may occur depending on the loading conditions. careful treatment planning and prosthetic procedures are very important factors for the proper distribution of stress. Evaluate the stress distributions according to numbers and location of implants in three-unit fixed partial dentures. A mandible missing the right second premolar, first molar and second molar was modeled. Using the CT data. we modeled a mandible with a width of 15mm, a height of 20mm and a length of 30mm, 2mm-thickness cortical bone covering cancellous bone mallow. An internal type implant and A solid type abutment was used. A model with 3 implants placed in a straight line, offset 1.5 mm buccally, offset 1.5 mm lingually and another model with 3 implants offset in the opposite way were prepared. And models with 2 implants were both end support models, a mesial cantilever model and a distal cantilever model. Three types of loading was applied; a case where 155 N was applied solely on the second premolar, a case where 206 N was applied solely on the second molar and a case where 155 N was applied on the first premolar and 206 N was applied on the first and second molar. For all the cases, inclined loads of 30 degrees were applied on the buccal cusps and vertical loads were applied on the central fossas of the teeth. Finite element analysis was carried out for each case to find out the stress distribution on bones and implants. This study has shown that prostheses with more implants caused lower stress on bones and implants, no matter what kind of load was applied. Furthermore, it was found out that inclined loads applied on implants had worse effects than vertical loads. Therefore, it is believed that these results should be considered when placing implants in the future.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.25-51
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the key factors affecting satisfaction of the visually impaired SNS users so that they may use SNS more effectively in the future. This study has used three factors such as the information factor, the relationship factor and the speed factor and the usability as independent variables. The social presence factor was used as a parameter and the SNS user satisfaction as a dependent variable. For the research, 195 visually impaired SNS users have participated in this survey. The major findings of this study are that the relationship factor has strong effects on the self-identification factor, the social presence factor and the SNS usage satisfaction among the factors affecting the visually impaired users to be satisfied with SNS. On the other hand, the information factor and usage factor have no effects on the self-identification factor and the social presence factor. However, they have effects on the SNS usage satisfaction. Additionally, the self-identification factor has no effect on the SNS usage satisfaction, but the social presence factor has effect. Based on the above study results, this paper proposed for the government to enhance the educational program on the use of SNS for the visually impaired and to increase its financial and political support on this subject. Additionally, technical supports on SNS service accessibility and usage by the government are vital for the visually impaired. Academically, this study provides a concrete groundwork for the research on the use of SNS by the visually impaired by providing a solid research direction for further study on this subject. Socially, this study helps the visually impaired use SNS more effectively by increasing the general public awareness of the importance of SNS usages by the visually impaired so that the information gap of the society may be diminished in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1978

The study describes on the identification and morphological characteristics of each species, ecological characteristics and propagation techniques, and developing utilization measures of the Parthenocissus plants for environment conservation and revegetation of the babe rock-slopes. The following species and varieties are disscussed in this study; Parthenocissus tricuspidata (S. et Z.) Planch. var. veitchii Rehd. var. lowii Rehd. var. pupurea Hort. Parthenocissus quiquefolia (L.) Planch. var. engelmanni Rehd. var. saint-pauli Rehd. var. hirsuta Planch. Parthenocissus henryana Diels et Gilg. Parthenocissus thomsoni Planch. Parthenocissus heptaphylla Small. Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.) K. Fritsch. Parthenocissus laetevirens Rehd. Parthenocissus himalayana Planch. These are, in general, all vigorous self-clinging climbers that will quickly cover a wall and bare rock surfaces with a dense network of branch growths and beautiful green leaves which change to shades of scarlet and crimson before they fall in Autumn. Parthenocissus tricuspidata out of 8 species in the genus Parthenocissus is the most useful plant for the environment conservation including the bare rock-slope revegetation and for the production of food and shelter for wildlifes. This native of Korea clings by means of small rootlike holdfasts (adhesive discs) and holds (tendrils) to stone work or any other solid support, tenaciously.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2005

Heterogeneously-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous phase trichloroethylene (TCE) over supported metal oxides has been conducted to establish an approach to eliminate ppm levels of organic compounds in water. A continuous flow reactor system was designed to effect predominant reaction parameters in determining catalytic activity of the catalysts for wet TCE decomposition as a model reaction. 5 wt.% $CoO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst exhibited a transient period in activity vs. on-stream time behavior, suggesting that the surface structure of the $CoO_x$ might be altered with on-stream hours; regardless, it is probable to be the most promising catalyst. Not only could the bare support be inactive for the wet decomposition reaction at $36^{\circ}C$, but no TCE removal also occurred by the process of adsorption on $TiO_2$ surface. The catalytic activity was independent of all particle sizes used, thereby representing no mass transfer limitation in intraparticle diffusion. Very low TCE conversion appeared for $TiO_2$-supported $NiO_x$ and $CrO_x$ catalysts. Wet oxidation performance of supported Cu and Fe catalysts, obtained through an incipient wetness and ion exchange technique, was dependent primarily on the kinds of the metal oxides, in addition to the acidic solid supports and the preparation routes. 5 wt.% $FeO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst gave no activity in the oxidation reaction at $36^{\circ}C$, while 1.2 wt.% Fe-MFI was active for the wet decomposition depending on time on-stream. The noticeable difference in activity of the both catalysts suggests that the Fe oxidation states involved to catalytic redox cycle during the course of reaction play a significant role in catalyzing the wet decomposition as well as in maintaining the time on-stream activity. Based on the results of different $CoO_x$ loadings and reaction temperatures for the decomposition reaction at $36^{\circ}C$ with $CoO_x/TiO_2$, the catalyst possessed an optimal $CoO_x$ amount at which higher reaction temperatures facilitated the catalytic TCE conversion. Small amounts of the active ingredient could be dissolved by acidic leaching but such a process gave no appreciable activity loss of the $CoO_x$ catalyst.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.197-222
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• 2009

The Reform Movement(戊戌變法) of 1898 was a boundary tablet of modern history of science and technology which inherited the past and ushered in the future. Kang Youwei(康有爲), as a leader, his scientific thoughts opened up the way of Chinese enlightenity campaign and pushed the development of Chinese modem science and had an important position in modem history of scientific thoughts. The dissertation analyses the source, establishment and content of Kang Youwei. Kang Youwei developed the useful and discarded the useless of the view of implement science held by the Westernized Party, undertook a deep and throughout thinking on the nature of science, had cognition of scientific methods and spirit, by which he criticized negative proneness of ancient Chinese views of science. He put forwards a series of practical suggestions on political reform that provided a solid guarantee and support in system for scientific development. Kang Youwei rooted in the soil of Chinese traditional academic culture, but also western learning in modern western civilization. Kang go through Westernization Movement since the in-depth study of Western natural and inevitable outcome of the social sciences, are giving to science and technology. Although he was originally of Western "science" has a lot of misunderstandings and prejudices, but these shallow hazy perceptual knowledge, his view of science which constitutes the basis of the formation. In the course of scientific inquiry, Kang has begun to explore the essence of scientific development. He has a gut feeling that behind the scientific discovery of the existence of a force, which is the scientific truth and is used to grasp the scientific method. After contact with the Western world, with the traditional "Heaven(天)", and modern Chinese intellectuals began to "axiom(公理)" to recover his traditional "Heaven" of the new understanding is reflected mainly in "Zhutianjiang(諸天講)". "Zhutianjiang" is the Kang Yuwei in the absorption of traditional astronomy knowledge base, will the traditional arithmetic, as well as Buddhism and the West since the twentieth century, new knowledge of astronomy combines written. Kang while recognizing that scientific instruments, is nothing more than an extension of the role of the human senses and make the "Dao(道)" is more clear, but the "artifacts(器物)" caused by the inherent limitations of the limited nature of human knowledge, which is "Heaven" boundless nature of the broad terms, refused to concede defeat to. In reality, the activities of political reform, he gradually recognize this real-world helpless, and he recognized that the real world to achieve common ground of social ideal is impossible, so he chose comfort in life that people really get a stage of "Tianyou(天遊)". This is the cause that his writing "Datongshu(大同書)", at the same time, followed by writing "Zhutianjiang" talk "Tianyou".