• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1624-1628
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• 2019

Banana planting altered microbial communities and induced the enrichment of Fusarium oxysporum in rhizosphere compared with that of forest soil. Diseased plant rhizosphere soil (WR) harbored increased pathogen abundance and showed distinct microbial structures from healthy plant rhizosphere soil (HR). The enriched taxon of Bordetella and key taxon of Chaetomium together with some other taxa showed negative associations with pathogen in HR, indicating their importance in pathogen inhibition. Furthermore, a more stable microbiota was observed in HR than in WR. Taken together, the lower pathogen abundance, specific beneficial microbial taxa and stable microbiota contributed to disease suppression.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1995

This study was on the characteristics and heating values analysis of municipal solid wastes according to the volume- rate garbage collection system in Busan. Each waste sample was analyzed to obtain physical composition, proximate analysis, heating value, chemical composition. And the heating value were compared with those of the past waste collection system. The average physical composition of A.P.T. area was food waste 54.0~65.7% , while that of common residence was food waste 57.9~61.2% . The density of solid waste were largely different for site and the highest densities of waste was $399.6kg/m^{3}$ from Market. The low heating value of waste from residence site was 996.9kca1/kg~1, 238.1 kcal/kg which was lower than 1, 000kcal/kg~1, 800kca1/kg of the past wastes. These difference was mainly due to the difference of moisture content and the amount of vegetables.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

Accelerated carbonation is a technique that can be used as a CCS technology for $CO_2$ sequestration of approximately 5~20% in a stable solid through the precipitation of carbonate. An alkaline inorganic waste material such as ash, slag, and cement paste are generated from incinerators, accelerated carbonation offers the advantage of lower transport and processing costs at the same generation location of waste and $CO_2$. In this study, we evaluated an amount of $CO_2$ sequestration in various types of inorganic alkaline waste processed by means of accelerated carbonation. A quantitative evaluation of $CO_2$ real sequestration based on a TG/DTA analysis, the maximum 118.88 $g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in paper sludge fly ash, the maximum 134.46 $g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, the maximum 9.72 $g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in industrial solid waste incinerator fly ash, and the maximum $18.19g/kg_{-waste}$ of $CO_2$ in waste cement paste.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

The indiscriminate growth in global population poses a threat to the world in handling and disposal of Municipal solid waste. Rapid urban growth increases the production, consumption and generation of Municipal solid waste which leads to a drastic change in the environment. The methane produced from the Municipal Solid waste accounts for up to 11% global anthropogenic emissions, which is a major cause for global warming. This study reports the methane emission estimation using IPCC default, TNO, LandGEM, EPER and close flux chamber from open dump yards at Perungudi and Kodungaiyur in Chennai, India. The result reveals that the methane emission using close flux chamber was in the range of 8.8 Gg/yr-11.3 Gg/yr and 6.1Gg/yr to 9.1 Gg/yr at Kodungaiyur and Perungudi dump yard respectively. The per capita waste generation was estimated based on waste generation and population. The waste generation potential was projected using linear regression model for the period 2017-2050. The trend of CH₄ emission in the actual field measurement were increased every year, similarly the emission trend also increased in IPCC default method (mass balance approach), EPER Germany (zero order decay model) where as TNO and Land GEM (first order decay model) were decreased. The present study reveals that Kodungaiyur dump yard is more vulnerable to methane emission compared to Perungudi dump yard and has more potential in waste to energy conversion mechanisms than compare to Perungudi dump yard.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2016

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for every community; and, it is currently a major challenge in Nigeria. This paper provides an overview of the current MSW management trends in Nigeria and proposes new sustainable MSW management systems. Across Nigerian cities, MSW management is characterized by inefficient collection and transportation to disposal sites. Collection services do not reach some unplanned areas and slums due to poor street network. Even some planned areas are not reached by collection services. The informal sector contributes to waste collection, resource recovery and recycling; however, their activities are not recognized by the governments. Markets exist for recovered materials but more efforts need to be geared towards intensive recovery of materials and expansion of these markets. Despite the high proportion of putrescible matter in MSW, the only form of treatment commonly used currently is open burning for volume reduction. The high organic fraction presents a great opportunity for composting and anaerobic digestion. Ultimate disposal is currently done in open dumpsites. This needs to be upgraded to engineered landfills that are properly sited and adequately operated by well trained personnel. There is an emerging waste stream of concern, electronic-waste (e-waste), that requires urgent sustainable management as e-waste are currently co-disposed with other waste streams or burnt in the open posing detrimental health impacts.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 아스팔트고화체를 장기간 저장시 형태유지가 되지 않는 단점을 보완하기 위하여 폴리에틸렌을 고화보조제로 아스팔트에 첨가하여 전처리의 분쇄 공정 없이 입상수지를 직접 고화처리 함으로서 시멘트 고화체처럼 형태안정성을 지니는 아스팔트 고화체를 제조하는 방법을 개발하고 이 방법에 의해 제조된 고화체의 침출특성을 평가하여 실제 방사성 폐이온 교환수지 처리에 적용함을 그 목적으로 하였다. 실험결과 고화보조제인 폴리에틸렌은 아스팔트와 폐수지가 혼합된 고화체내에서 가교역활을 하며 PE 함유량이 10 wt% 이상일 때 장기간 노출실험에서도 고화체 형태를 그대로 유지하였다. 최적조업조건은 폐수지의 함유량이 무게비로 40wt% 이고 PE의 함유량이 10wt%이며 이때 고화체내부에 수지입자의 밀도도 균일하게 분포됨을 확인하였다. 실험은 폐이온교환수지에 아스팔트를 혼합하고 여기에 폴리에틸렌(PE) 필름을 고화보조제로 첨가함으로서 고화체의 균일성, 수분과 접촉시 고화체의 침출을 최저로 하는 안정된 고화체를 개발하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2100-2108
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 최근 한국동력자원연구소에서 개발한 로타리 킬른형의 도시 쓰 레기 소각로에 대하여 전열해석한 것으로 이 해석을 통하여 소각로에서의 쓰레기, 배 기가스 그리고 로벽에서의 온도 분포를 예측할 수 있다.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 최근 제안된 PCBs 함유 고상폐기물 공정시험방법을 토대로 PCBs 함유 변압기에서 90건의 시료를 채취 분석하였으며, 제시한 분석방법의 폐기물 시료에 적정성 여부를 검토하였다. 채취한 변압기 절연유에서의 PCBs 농도범위는 7.6~23.8 mg/L로 나타났으며, 규소강판은 $0.02\sim0.54\;{\mu}g/100cm^2$의 농도범위로 검출되었다. 또한, 구리선 등의 비정형 폐기물은 0.01~0.071 mg/kg의 농도범위로 검출 되었다. 본 연구 결과, 폐기물공정시험방법의 새로운 분석방법과 규제기준은 기존의 용출시험방법으로 고상폐기물을 관리하는 경우에 비해 PCBs 함유 폐기물의 관리가 보다 강화된 것으로 판단된다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2023

Municipal solid waste landfills are unpredictable bioreactors which in cases of mishandling and bad supervision presents numerous risks. The key to municipal waste landfills is to approach them from the point of prevention of the possible consequences, which means using methods of organized waste disposal, and also utilizing landfill gas, as an unavoidable consequence with disposal of municipal solid waste with a high share of biodegradable organic matter. This paper presents an overview about problems of solid municipal waste management, type and composition of waste, and an overview of waste management condition. Further, the problem of landfill and landfill gasses is described with the calculation models of landfill production, as well as the use of the SWM GHG Calculator and LandGEM software on a specific example of gas production for the central zone at Sarajevo landfill "Smiljevici". Main focus of this thesis is the analysis of potentials of greenhouse gas emission reduction measures from the waste management. Overview of the best available techniques in waste management is presented as well as the methodology used for calculations. Scenarios of greenhouse gas emission reduction in waste management were defined so that emissions were calculated using the appropriate model. In the final section of the paper, its description of the problem of collection and utilization the landfill gas at the sanitary landfill "Smiljevici", and implementation of the system for landfill gas collection and solution suggestion for the gasification and exploitation of gas. Energy, environmental and economic benefits can be accomplished by utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel in industry and energy and moreover by utilizing energy generation from landfill gas, which this thesis emphasizes.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2001

순천시 생활계폐기물의 배출특성을 제시하고 장래 폐기물대책을 수립하는 기본적인 자료로 정보를 제공하고자 폐기물별 자원화시설의 용량을 산정하고 재활용시설의 운영관리 및 제반폐기물정책 수립에 활용하도록 하기 위해서 조사분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 일반주택의 배출량원단위는 0.50kg/인${\cdot}$일로 배출량은 41.9톤/일, 공동주택의 배출량원단위는 0.45kg/인${\cdot}$일로 배출량은 55.5톤/일, 읍 면지역의 배출량원단위는 0.22kg/인${\cdot}$일로 배출량은 13.5톤/일로 나타나 주택지역의 생활계폐기물 배출량은 110.9톤/일이다. 재래시장의 배출량원단위는 1.85kg/상가 일로 배출량은 5,400kg/일이며, 소규모점포의 배출량원단위는 2.03kg/상가 일로 배출량은 25,101kg/일로 나타나 상가지역의 생활계폐기물 배출량은 30,501kg/일이다. 공장지역에서 배출되는 사업장생활계폐기물은 1일 평균 8.3톤, 학교와 병원 및 업무지역에서 배출되는 생활계폐기물의 1일 평균배출량은 각각 7.2kg과 3.0kg 및 6.6kg이다. 생활폐기물 중에서 음식물쓰레기는 평균 63.4톤/일 배출되었으며, 소각대상 가연성폐기물은 126.9톤/일 배출되었다. 음식물쓰레기처리시설의 내구년도를 약 5년(2006년도)으로 계획하면 처리대상량은 1일 42.4톤이 예상되며, 저부하 운전이나 고장보수로 인한 가동중지 등의 문제를 고려하여 처리능력을 25톤/일${\times}$2계열로 설치하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다. 소각처리시설의 내구년도를 약 10년(2011년도)으로 계획하면 처리대상량은 1일 150톤/일이 예상되며, 저부하 운전이나 고장보수로 인한 소각작업 중지 등의 문제를 고려하여 처리능력을 80톤/일${\times}$2계열로 설치하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.