• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

The study investigates the effect of trade openness on the economic growth of agricultural countries. The information of export, import, gross domestic product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and population of 72 agrarian nations generated by the World Bank from 2011 until 2020 is used for data examination. Then, before panel data analysis, a preferred model is chosen from among common-effects, fixed-effects, and random effects. The best model turns out to be a fixed-effect model. The result reports that from 2011 to 2020; 16 out of 72 nations have succeeded in experiencing positive economic growth, the value of GFCF was US$ 2,859.04 billion, and later grew by 19 percent to US$ 3,393.73 billion, the population tends to increase continuously year by year, and 2 out of 72 countries experienced export plus import exceed their GDP. Moreover, trade openness is positively associated with economic growth, with a coefficient of 3.81. Besides that, an increase in GFCF may boost economic growth by approximately 3.32 percent. On the contrary, one percent additional population significantly delivers around 25.46 percent negative economic growth. To sum up, the higher intensity of products or services sold and bought abroad may enhance the economic performance.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.26-42
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• 2003

On-line clothes sale are on the increase, and the returns(for replacements or refunds) of the clothes are also increasing. Many studies on off-line consumers' complaints were made before, but few studies on the returns of clothes sold on-line have been made. From this viewpoint, this study was conducted to know what effect returns of clothes sold on-line have on their brands. Therefore, this study was first focused on the factors affecting complaint acts(return intention or return acts) such as lack of information and recognition of product, delivery errors and product defects concerning on-line sales, and second investigated the changes of buyers' attitude toward the brand following the their acts of returning the buyers, and third looked into the changes of on-line buyers' attitude toward the brand. The study is carried out by subdividing the objects of the study into return action(replacement, refundment) and purchasers who experienced return intention. Such experience is demonstratively analyzed to find how it has affected the attitude toward the brand. The study comes up with the following outcomes. First, the effect factor causing complaint action(return action, return intention) on-line is shown as the lack of the information and recognition of the product. Second, it is revealed that the effect factor causing complaint(return action, return intention) does not lie in an error in delivery or a defect of a product. Third, the positive response of a brand to a return action does not raise the repurchasing intention and positive attitude of purchasers who experienced returning a product, but lowers their private complaint action intention. Fourth, the repurchase intention of purchasers who experienced return intention for the brand is lowered, but their negative attitude and private complaint action intention is not raised.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.16-27
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• 1973

An investigation was carried out on a basis of the examination with a view to detecting the degree of microbial contamination for the 82 samples collected from the locally-sold liquid preparations. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. Total viable Bacteria(TVB) per ml. in test sample shows min. 0 and Max. $8.0{\times}10^5$. Among the test samples, 2 items of Herb medicines have shown the highest bacterial contamination degree. 2. The number of unsuitable products are 9(11.0%) of the 82 items tested. Comparing with the study of 1971 (18 or 23.4% of 77 items), this fact suggests that the more than 50% decreasing tendency has come from the technical preventive efforts on bacterial contamination. 3. E. coli, Staph. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could not be detected with the test sample. 4. The number of confirmable mycotic contamination in the test samples has been revealed as 17 items (20.7%). 5. Chiefly, the causative organisms of the contamination are proved to be bacilli and fungi broadly distributed in nature. 6. Generally, the neutrality of the pH had greatly increased the number of products unsuitable on the specification of TVB. pH >7.0 No. of unsuitable items 0/4 (0.0%) pH 6.0-7.0 No. of unsuitable items 4/9 (44.4%) pH 4.0-6.0 No. of unsuitable items 5/45(11.1%) pH <4.0 No. of unsuitable items 0/24(0.0%) 7. The viability of general bacteria has shown a rather decreasing tendency in time.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.154-168
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• 2012

This study examined size combination suitability of the underwear sets in home shopping and discussed the degree of consumer satisfaction as well as purchase criteria and evaluation after purchase of women's underwear. The survey was conducted from 1st to 15th September 2010 on a total of 300 women aged between 20 to 50, living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do region who had bought women's underwear through home shopping. The completed data, 245 out of 300, was used for the final analysis. The analysis conducted in the study with SPSS statistics package includes frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, chi-square analysis, $t$-test, ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test. Evaluation items on purchase criteria and evaluation after purchase were processed with factor analysis. The results of the present study showed that product differentiation strategies are required based on age in order to improve consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention in home shopping underwear. Moreover, most of underwear products sold in sets in home shopping are provided based on the brassiere size. As a result, women who do not fit into the home shopping underwear size combination may be less satisfied. When consumers choose their own brassier and briefs size or combinations of various brassier and briefs sizes, it would increase consumer satisfaction.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify development strategies of high value-added cultural products in order to help promote Jeonnam cultural tourism festivals. In order to achieve this purpose, we carried out a market survey of cultural products sold in cultural tourism festivals held successfully within the Jeonnam area.The subjects of this study were local festivals which were labeled as cultural tourism festivals by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism from 2000 to 2008. The results of this study were as follows: Firstly, a store survey was conducted to analyze the categories of products on offer. As a result, the most frequent product was accessories (46.2%), followed by clothing and miscellaneous goods (25.2%), ceramic products (14.8%), interior decoration products (9.1%), and stationery (4.6%). Secondly, in the design motif used for cultural products, most products did not contain festival or local images. Cultural products with festival images made up 47.2% of the range, while only 2.3% of products on offer contained local imagery. The remaining 50.3% of cultural products for sale did not use festival or local images. Finally, in terms of materials used, most products used metal (36.7%), followed by textiles (32.9%), ceramic (13.8%), wood (6.2%), plastic (6.2%), paper (3.6%), and leather (0.2%). For price range, 52.4% of product were equal to or below 10,000 won, followed by 33.1% between 10,000-30,000 won. The results of this study showed that the cultural products of Jeonnam festivals lacked symbolism of the region or festival itself. Furthermore, items and the price ranges were not diverse enough. A possible solution would be to address this short coming, but more importantly, design a marketing and commercial strategy tailored towards the promotion of cultural products which contain both regional and festival imageries.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1985

본 연구는 우리나라의 육계 유통현황을 조사하기 위하여 서울근교, 대전근교, 광주근교 및 부산근교에 소재하고 있는 도매상 16개소, 소매상 25개소 슈퍼마켓 12개소 및 자체직매점 3개소를 대상으로 설문서를 작성하여 방문조사하였고 그 결과를 육계의 유통규격 설정을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 육계의 유통 종류별 중량은 영계가 0.6-0.0kg, 삼계탕용 1.0-1.3kg, 세미브로는 1.3-1.7kg, 하이브로가 1.8-2.1kg 등으로 구분유통되고 있으나 유통과정중의 육계 종류별 명칭이 통일되어 있지 않았다. 2. 소비자 측면에서 본 육계의 종류별 기호성은 하이브로와 노계는 가정집에서 각각 47.5%, 60.0%를 소비하며, 세미브로는 음식점에서 67.7%, 가정집에서 16.7% 등으로 나타나 하이브로와 노계를 제외한 종류들은 음식점을 통한 소비성향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 도계품의 판매방법은 정확히 게량하여 판매하는 경우가 75.0%로 나타나 높은 편이지만 아직도 적당히 목칙으로 판매하는 경우가 18.8%나 되는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 도계품의 규격 설정화 문제에 대해 찬성하는 경우가 37.5% 그리고 점진적으로 규격화 하자는 의견이 50.0%로 나타났으며 부분육으로의 판매방법에 대해 서서히 하거나 적극적으로 추진하기를 원하는 경우가 66.7%를 차지하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

1995년(4월과 5월), 1997년(5월과 7월) 및 1999년(1월)에 경부 .호남 고속도로 및 중부 . 영동 고속도로의 20개 ,휴게소의 김밥, 햄버거, 호도과자 및 자장면에 대한 계절별 위생 실태와 조리 형태에 의한 미생물적 안전성 시험을 실시한 결과 식중독균은 검출되지 않았으나 대장균과 많은 수의 대장균군 세균이 검출되어, 고속도로 휴게소에서 판매되고 있는 식품의 위생 실태가 매우 불량함을 알수 있었다. '95년 김밥 시료에서는 전 제품에서 대장균군(8.8$\times$10 4~6.6$\times$10 5 cells/g)과 대장균이 검출되었고,'95년 햄버거 또한 전 제품에서 대장균군(1.8$\times$10 2~4.7$\times$10 4 cells/g)이 검출되었다. '97년 시료에서는 김밥은 22곳 제품 중 16곳 제품에서 대장균이 양성이었고, 대장균군은 21곳 제품에서 검출되었다. '97년 햄버거는 14곳 제품 중 7곳 제품에서 1.7$\times$10 2~1.9$\times$10 7 cells/g의 대장균군이, 2곳 제품에서 대장균이 양성으로 나타나서 김밥과 햄버거의 위생 상태는 매우 불량하였다. 호도과자는 조사 대상 6곳 제품 중 대장균군과 대장균이 모두 검출되지 않아 위생 상태가 양호하였다. 반면 자장면은 6곳 제품 중 3곳 제품에서 7.1$\times$10 2~2.0$\times$10 3 cells/g수준의 대장균군이 검출되고 대장균은 검출되지 않았다. '95년과 '97년 김밥 시험 결과와 '99년 결과를 비교할 때 기온이 높은 계절의 위생 관리에 더욱 주의해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 김밥과 기타 식품의 세균학적 품질을 비교한 결과, 김밥 >햄버거 >자장면 >호도과자의 순으로 나타나 김밥과 햄버거와 같은 복합재료를 사용하는 식품의 경우에 더 많은 오염이 일어날 수 있으므로 조리 .가공 및 유통 과정의 엄격한 미생물절-안전성 관리가 요구된다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2012

Ultrasonic meching technoloy has been developed over recent years for wire bonding.In this study, ultrasonic welding horn is analysed and designed with FEM, then manufactured based on it. The wire bonding mechine has been designed by conical horn model with very easy to come by and is readily accessible. The analysis is carried out by SoldEdge & Ansys software.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.564-568
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• 1993

시판 주방용세제와 비누 및 생활하수 관련 오염물질 등에 대해 화학적산소 요구량을 측정하여 수질오염부하량을 서로 비교하였으며, 이들 대상 시료의 최종적생분해도 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과와 우리나라 하천의 수질오염 및 하수처리 실태를 종합 검토하여, 합성세제가 수질오염에 미치는 영향을 비누 및 다른 오염물 등과 함께 비교 고찰하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between the removal of halitosis and use of oral hygiene devices. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 300 patients visiting to dental clinics in Gyeonggi-do from May to June, 2013. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, oral health related characteristics, satisfaction of oral hygiene devices were measured. Results : Halitosis accounted for 11.0% in dental clinic visit. In order to remove halitosis, dental floss is the most satisfactory and effective method of all auxiliary oral hygiene devices. Conclusions : A variety of auxiliary oral hygiene devices are being sold and used to remove halitosis. It is important to choose the most effective oral hygiene devices to remove halitosis.