• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2012

Aquaculture is challenged by a number of constraints with future efforts towards sustainable production. Global climate change has a potential damage to the sustainability by changing environmental surroundings unfavorably. The damaging parameters identified are water temperature, sea level, surface physical energy, precipitation, solar radiation, ocean acidification, and so on. Of them, temperature, mostly temperature elevation, occupies significant concern among marine ecologists and aquaculturists. Ocean acidification particularly draws shellfish aquaculturists' attention as it alters the marine chemistry, shifting the equilibrium towards more dissolved CO2 and hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and thus influencing signaling pathways on shell formation, immune system, and other biological processes. Temperature elevation by climate change is of double-sidedness: it can be an opportunistic parameter besides being a generally known damaging parameter in aquaculture. It can provide better environments for faster and longer growth for aquaculture species. It is also somehow advantageous for alleviation of aquaculture expansion pressure in a given location by opening a gate for new species and aquaculture zone expansion northward in the northern hemisphere, otherwise unavailable due to temperature limit. But in the science of climate change, the ways of influence on aquaculture are complex and ambiguous, and hence are still hard to identify and quantify. At the same time considerable parts of our knowledge on climate change effects on aquaculture are from the estimates from data of fisheries and agriculture. The consequences may be different from what they really are, particularly in the temperature region. In reality, bivalves and tunicates hung or caged in the longline system are often exposed to temperatures higher than those they encounter in nature, locally driving the farmed shellfish into an upper tolerable temperature extreme. We review recent climate change and following environment changes which can be factors or potential factors affecting shellfish aquaculture production in the temperate region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.969-980
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• 2008

This research was performed to simulate shellfish production systems and sales in Gamak Bay, South Korea. To study the way the shellfish system generates maxima, a numerical model was developed to simulate the model under a control and a number of different scenarios. The program calculates the EMERGY flows by multiplying the flows of energy and materials by the appropriate solar transformity. In this study, an energy systems model was built to simulate the variation of sustainability for oyster aquaculture. The results of the simulation based on 2005 data that as oyster production yield slightly increases, money and assets increase to a steady state. When the program is run control simulation, the system reaches carrying capacity after 8 years. The simulation of models with price of purchased inputs increased with 3.5% inflation rate per year showed maximum benefit of shellfish production occurs after 6 years but amounts are less than control simulation, and then decreases slightly in money and yield results. The results with 3.5% inflation and increase of oyster price annually showed steady and slightly increase of money and yield.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.841-856
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• 2008

This research outlines a new method for evaluation of shellfish production in Gamak Bay based on the concept of EMERGY. Better understanding of those environmental factors influencing oyster production and the management of oyster stocks requires the ability to assess the real value of environmental sources such as solar energy, river, tide, wave, wind, and other physical mechanisms. In this research, EMERGY flows from environment sources were 76% for shellfish aquaculture in Gamak Bay. EMERGY yield ratio, Environmental Loading Ratio, and Sustainability Index were 4.26, 0.31 and 13.89, respectively. Using the Emergy evaluation data, the predicted maximum shellfish aquaculture production in Gamak Bay and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration, U.S.) designated area in Gamak Bay were 10,845 ton/y and 7,548 ton/yr, respectively. Since the predicted shellfish production was approximately 1.3 times more than produced shellfish production in 2005, the carrying capacity of Gamak Bay is estimated to be 1.3 times more than the present oyster production.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1984

약 500nm 이하의 파장영역(청색광)이 차단된 태양광은 고추의 생장에 괄목할만한 효과를 보였다. 영양생장기의 여러가지 생장지표들은 전반적으로 생육상태가 향상 내지 촉진되고 있음을 보여주었다. 한편, chlorophyll a, ${\beta}-carotene$, 및 다섯가지 성분의 xanthophyll을 주성분으로 하는 것으로 밟혀진 고추의 광합성색소계의 수준은 광질처리구의 잎에서 백색광 대조구에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 특히 carotenoid들의 함량증가가 보다 현저하였다. 광질 처리효과로 생긴 왕성한 생장력은 숙과의 수량형성에도 반영되어 대조구대비 35%의 증수를 보였다. 또한 청색광을 차단한 광질처리가 식품으로서의 숙과의 품질들 저하시키는 일이 없음도 아울러 확인하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 광질을 선택한 논리적 근거와 실험결과들을 여러 가지 광생물학적 측면에서 토의하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2014

In this study, we propose the application of doping process technology for atmospheric pressure plasma. The plasma treatment means the wafer is warmed via resistance heating from current paths. These paths are induced by the surface charge density in the presence of illuminating Argon atmospheric plasmas. Furthermore, it is investigated on the high-concentration doping to a selective partial region in P type solar cell wafer. It is identified that diffusion of impurities is related to the wafer temperature. For the fixed plasma treatment time, plasma currents were set with 40, 70, 120 mA. For the processing time, IR(Infra-Red) images are analyzed via a camera dependent on the temperature of the P type wafer. Phosphorus concentrations are also analyzed through SIMS profiles from doped wafer. According to the analysis for doping process, as applied plasma currents increase, so the doping depth becomes deeper. As the junction depth is deeper, so the surface resistance is to be lowered. In addition, the surface charge density has a tendency inversely proportional to the initial phosphorus concentration. Overall, when the plasma current increases, then it becomes higher temperatures in wafer. It is shown that the diffusion of the impurity is critically dependent on the temperature of wafers.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 다양한 방법들을 이용하여 태양전지 폐 모듈로부터 태양전지의 주요 구성요소인 실리콘과 강화유리를 회수하는 연구를 수행하였다. 강화유리는 유기용매를 사용하여 회수하였고, EVA수지는 열처리를 통하여 완전히 제거하였다. 실리콘은 계면 활성제를 첨가한 혼산용액을 이용하여 표면물질을 제거하고 회수하였다. 90%이상의 높은 실리콘 회수율을 얻었다. 본 연구에 의하여 얻어진 강화유리와 실리콘은 태양전지 모듈의 원료로 재활용되어 실리콘 공급부족 문제해결, 태양전지 제조원가 및 폐기물 처리비용 절감에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.50.2-51
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• 2021

Stars form exclusively in cold and dense molecular clouds. To fully understand star formation processes, it is hence a key to investigate how molecular clouds form out of the surrounding diffuse atomic gas. With an aim of shedding light in the process of the atomic-to-molecular transition in the interstellar medium, we analyze Arecibo HI emission and absorption spectral pairs along with TRAO/PMO 12CO(1-0) emission spectra toward 58 lines of sight probing in and around molecular clouds in the solar neighborhood, i.e., Perseus, Taurus, and California. 12CO(1-0) is detected from 19 out of 58 lines of sight, and we report the physical properties of HI (e.g., central velocity, spin temperature, and column density) in the vicinity of CO. Our preliminary results show that the velocity difference between the cold HI (Cold Neutral Medium or CNM) and CO (median ~ 0.7 km/s) is on average more than a factor of two smaller than the velocity difference between the warm HI (Warm Neutral Medium or WNM) and CO (median ~ 1.7 km/s). In addition, we find that the CNM tends to become colder (median spin temperature ~ 43 K) and abundant (median CNM fraction ~ 0.55) as it gets closer to CO. These results hints at the evolution of the CNM in the vicinity of CO, implying a close association between the CNM and molecular gas. Finally, in order to examine the role of HI in the formation of molecular gas, we compare the observed CNM properties to the theoretical model by Bialy & Sternberg (2016), where the HI column density for the HI-to-H2 transition point is predicted as a function of density, metallicity, and UV radiation field. Our comparison shows that while the model reproduces the observations reasonably well on average, the observed CNM components with high column densities are much denser than the model prediction. Several sources of this discrepancy, e.g., missing physical and chemical ingredients in the model such as the multi-phase ISM, non-equilibrium chemistry, and turbulence, will be discussed.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2023

태양, 파도, 바람 등 친환경 재생에너지원을 이용한 전력 생산 기술이 성숙함에 따라 재생에너지 전력의 경제성과 규모 측면에서 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 특히, 전기화학적인 방법으로 수소를 생산하는 기술은 이러한 재생에너지와 효율적으로 연계될 수 있는 방법 중 하나로 주목받고 있다. 수전해 기술은 작동 온도에 따라서 저온(100 ℃ 이하), 중온(300-700 ℃), 고온(700 ℃ 이상) 수전해로 나눌 수 있으며, 에너지 소비량 및 전압 효율 평가는 열역학 법칙에 따라 계산한다. 그러나 수전해 평가에서 열역학적 전압(thermodynamic voltage)과 열중성 전압(thermo-neutral voltage)의 개념이 혼용되어 사용되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 저온 PEM (proton exchange membrane) 수전해 기술을 바탕으로 작동 전압과 효율 평가에 대한 이해를 높이고, 열역학적 전압과 열중성 전압의 차이점을 명확히 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.388-396
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• 2023

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a vital source of clean and sustainable hydrogen energy. Moreover, the large-scale H₂ production is currently necessary, while long-term stability and high PEC activity still remain important issues. In this study, a GaN-based photoelectrode was modified by an additional NH₃ treatment (900℃ for 10 min) and its PEC behavior was monitored. The bare GaN exhibited a highly crystalline wurtzite structure with the (002) plane and the optical bandgap was approximately 3.2 eV. In comparison, the NH₃-treated GaN film exhibited slightly reduced crystallinity and a small improvement in light absorption, resulting from the lattice stress or cracks induced by the excessive N supply. The minor surface nanotexturing created more surface area, providing electroactive reacting sites. From the surface XPS analysis, the formation of an N-Ga-O phase on the surface region of the GaN film was confirmed, which suppressed the charge recombination process and the positive shift of E_FB. Therefore, these effects boosted the PEC activity of the NH₃-treated GaN film, with J values of approximately 0.35 and 0.78 mA·cm^-2 at 0.0 and 1.23 V_RHE, respectively, and an onset potential (V_on) of -0.24 V_RHE. In addition, there was an approximate 50% improvement in the J value within the highly applied potential region with a positive shift of V_on. This result could be explained by the increased nanotexturing on the surface structure, the newly formed defect/trap states correlated to the positive V_on shift, and the formation of a GaO_xN_1-x phase, which partially blocked the charge recombination reaction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.104-108
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• 1989

미곡(米穀)의 안전건조(安全乾燥)와 건조시간(乾燥時間)을 단축(短縮)시킬 수 있는 건조기(乾燥機)를 개발(開發)하기 위하여 2.5ton 규모(規模)의 태양열집열송풍(太陽熱集熱送風), 곡물순환식(穀物循環式), 건조기(乾燥機)를 제작(製作)하여 상온송풍식(常溫送風式)과 비교(比較) 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 태양열집열송풍(太陽熱集熱送風), 곡물순환식(穀物循環式) 건조기(乾燥機)에 송풍(送風)되는 공기(空氣)의 온도(溫度)는 외기온도(外氣溫度) 및 상온송기식(常溫送氣式) 건조기(乾燥機)에 송풍(送風)되는 공기(空氣)의 온도(溫度) 보다 $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 2. 벼 건조기간중(乾燥期間中) 건조기내(乾燥機內)의 부위별(部位別) 수분함량(水分含量)은 상온송풍식(常溫送風式) 건조기내(乾燥機內)에서는 차(差)가 극심하였으나 태양열집열송풍(太陽熱集熱送風), 곡물순환식(穀物循環式) 건조기내(乾燥機內)에서는 차(差)가 거의 없었다. 3. 수분함량(水分含量) 24%의 벼를 15%까지 건조(乾燥)시키는데 상온송풍(常溫送風) 건조(乾燥)로는 14일(日) 정도(程度) 소요(所要)되었으나 태양열집열송풍(太陽熱集熱送風), 곡물순환식(穀物循環式) 건조기(乾燥機)로는 3일(日) 정도(程度) 소요(所要)되었다. 4. 상온송풍(常溫送風) 건조기(乾燥機)로 건조(乾燥)한 벼의 동할립율(胴割粒率)은 상부(上部), 중부(中部), 하부(下部)가 각각 6, 6 및 12%로 건조기내(乾燥機內)의 부위별(部位別)로 차(差)가 있었으나 태양열집열송풍(太陽熱集熱送風), 곡물순환식(穀物循環式) 건조기(乾燥機)로 건조(乾燥)한 벼는 모든 부위(部位)가 7%로 부위별(部位別)로 차(差)가 없었다. 5. 벼 건조기간(乾燥期間) 중(中) 에너지 (energy) 소요량(所要量)은 상온송풍식(常溫送風式) 건조기(乾燥機)는 108Kw/2.5ton인데 비(比)하여 태양열집열송풍(太陽熱集熱送風), 곡물순환식(穀物循環式) 건조기(乾燥機)는 28.8Kw/2.5ton이었다.