• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.715-730
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activities of eggplant (EP) powder with different drying methods and addition levels to pork sausages to improve product quality. Antioxidant activities of EP with different drying methods, particle sizes, and solvents of extraction were determined. Freeze dried (FD) EP extracted with 100% ethanol had higher 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities (DPPH-RSA) and total phenolic content (TPC) values than other drying methods. FD500 had the highest iron chelating ability (ICA) value. Oven-dried (OD) EP at 60℃ had the highest reducing power. Dried EP was added to sausages of six groups: control without EP, reference added with ascorbic acid, O1 and O2 added with 0.25% and 0.5% OD EP, respectively, and F1 and F2 added with 0.25% and 0.5% FD EP, respectively. Pork sausages added with O2 had the lowest TBARS and TPC values. These values increased during storage. Purge loss (%), lightness (L^*), and redness (a^*) values of F2 were lower than those of other groups, whereas sausages containing F2 had the highest yellowness (b^*). pH values of sausages added with EP were increased regardless of the level of EP added. Hardness values of F2 were higher. However, there were no significant differences in other textural characteristics. Sausages added with EP had higher moisture and protein contents (%), but lower fat contents (%). These results indicate that EP powder could be used to retard lipid oxidation and inhibit microbial counts during storage time.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2021

Chitosan has been considered an environmental-friendly polymer. However, its use in agriculture has not been extended yet due to its relatively low solubility in water. N-Methylene phosphonic chitosan (NMPC) is a water-soluble derivative prepared by adding a phosphonic group to chitosan. This study demonstrates that NMPC has a fungicidal effect on the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii (F. eumartii) judged by the inhibition of F. eumartti mycelial growth and spore germination. NMPC affected fungal membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death. Also, this chitosan-derivative exerted antifungal effects against two other phytopathogens, Botrytis cinerea, and Phytophthora infestans. NMPC did not affect tomato cell viability at the same doses applied to these phytopathogens to exert fungicide action. In addition to water solubility, the selective biological cytotoxicity of NMPC adds value in its application as an antimicrobial agent in agriculture.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2021

For stable cultivation in double cropping, it is important to use potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars with a short dormancy period of 50-70 days and plant seed tubers of appropriate type and size. An experiment was conducted during 2018-2019 to investigate the effects of seed tuber type and size on growth and yield performance in double cropping. Whole tubers of three sizes (10-20 g, 30-40 g, and 50-60 g) and conventional cut tubers weighing 30-40 g from three cultivars with different dormancy periods, namely 'Daeji' (40-60 days), 'Eunsun' (50-60 days), and 'Saebong' (50-80 days), were planted, and their field performance was compared. Regardless of the cultivar, the increase in the whole tuber weight up to 30-40 g led to fast emergence, thereby increasing ground cover rate, shoot growth rate, and tuber growth rate, which ultimately improved tuber yield by 33-54%. Comparing the whole and cut tubers, 'Daeji' and 'Eunsun' showed similar growth and yield performance; as such, the performance of whole tubers weighing 10-20 g was comparable to that of cut tubers weighing 30-40 g. However, 'Saebong', a cultivar with relatively long dormancy period, performed better with cut tuber than with whole tubers. Based on these results, we recommend the use of whole tubers weighing over 30 g for double cropping. Further studies to break tuber dormancy are warranted in cultivars with relatively long dormancy periods (50-80 days), such as 'Saebong'.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2022

Tomato has a limited shelf life and is highly perishable due to its high moisture content. As fruit leather, is a traditional food of Nepal, it can be beneficial to move towards value addition and diversification of the traditional product. The main aim was to analyze the nutritional values and phytochemicals of the tomato pulp and prepared leather, and sensory evaluation of prepared tomato leather. Five samples A, B, C, D and E were prepared with 80:20, 72.5:27.5, 95:5, 87.5:12.5 and 65:35 fruit pulp: sugar ratio respectively. Analysis of raw tomato pulp and all the five samples was performed. Sensory quality of the product sample A was found superior to that of other samples but chemical and phytochemical properties of product sample C was found superior than that of other prepared samples. Therefore, we had two best products, in terms of sensory properties and in terms of nutritional properties. The best product on the basis of nutrients (sample C) had acidity (%), TSS (°Bx), pH, total ash content (%), crude protein (%), crude fat (%), crude fiber (%), carbohydrate (%), vitamin C (mg/100 g), total energy (Kcal/100 g), TPC (mg GAE/g of dry extract), TFC (mg QE/g of dry extract), DPPH scavenging activity (% of inhibition) and lycopene content (mg/100 g) was found to be 3.70.1, 20 ± 0.02, 3 ± 0.1, 2.30 ± 0.05, 2.69 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.02, 5.46 ± 0.01, 69.68 ± 0.02, 25.17 ± 1.25, 297.31 ± 0.01, 85.35 ± 0.02, 65.39 ± 0.02, 59.23 ± 0.03 and 98.57 ± 0.02 respectively. A tasty and nutritious product of tomato, leather can be prepared which can be more appealing to the consumer.

• 식물병연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2022

The incidence of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and biological and molecular characterization of the Palestinian isolates of ToBRFV are described in this study. Symptomatic leaf samples obtained from Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomatoes) and Nicotiana tabacum L. (cultivated tobacco) plants were tested for tobamoviruses infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tomato leaf samples collected from Tulkarm and Qalqilia are infected with ToBRFV-PAL with an infection rate of 76% and 72.5%, respectively. Leaf samples collected from Jenin and Nablus were found to be mixed infected with ToBRFV-PAL and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (100%). Sequence analysis of the ToBRFV-PAL genome showed that the net average nucleotide divergence between ToBRFV/F48-PAL strain and the Israeli and Turkish strains was 0.0026398±0.0006638 (±standard error of mean), while it was 0.0033066±0.0007433 between ToBRFV/F42-PAL and these two isolates. In the phylogenetic tree constructed with the complete genomic sequence, all the ToBRFV isolates were clustered together and formed a sister branch with the TMV. The sequenced Palestinian isolates of ToBRFV-PAL shared the highest nucleotide identity with the Israeli ToBRFV isolate suggesting that the virus was introduced to Palestine from Israel. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the biological and molecular characteristics of ToBRFV which would help in the management of the disease.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

여름철 토마토 시설 재비시 CO₂ 시용에 의한 고온적응성 향상을 구명하고 그 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. CO₂ 처리 농도를 달리한 온실들(무처리, 500ppm, 1,000ppm)의 기온환경은 유사하였으며, 최고기온은 약 44℃ 수준이었다. CO₂ 농도에 따른 VPD와 엽기온차에 의한 CWSI(Crop water stress index)변화를 보면 1000ppm처리가 무처리, 500ppm처리보다 수분장해를 받지 않았으며, 수분장해 정도는 1000ppm<500ppm<무처리 순으로 무처리가 수분장해 수준이 가장 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.5-5
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• 2023

감자(Solanum tuberosum L.)는 식물학적 분류상으로 가지과에 속하는 작물로, 재배기간이 짧고 단위면적당 생산량이 많아 세계적으로 벼, 밀, 옥수수에 이어 네 번째로 재배되고 있다. 감자의 원산지는 남아메리카 안데스 산맥의 고원지대로 유럽을 거쳐 여러 나라들로 퍼져나갔으며, 1824년경 우리나라로 감자가 들어왔다는 기록이 남아있다. 국내 감자 재배작형 비율을 살펴보면, 봄재배가 63%, 여름재배 16%, 가을감자 14%, 그리고 겨울시설재배가 7% 정도를 차지하고 있으며 소비자들에게 연중 햇감자를 공급하고 있다. 1960년대부터 국내에서 감자 교배육종을 시작하면서 육종기반을 구축하였으며 현재까지 40여 품종을 육성하였다. 과거에는 부족한 주식을 대체하기 위한 구황작물로 감자를 주로 소비하였기 때문에, 식용감자 품종 위주로 선발하기 위하여 조숙성과 수량성에 중점을 두어 '조풍', '추백' 등의 품종을 육성하여 보급하였다. 최근 국민 소득의 향상과 식습관 변화 등으로 식품 소비구조가 다양화되면서 감자를 식용뿐만 아니라 감자칩, 프렌치프라이 등 가공제품이나 더 나아가 화장품 원료로 이용되면서 육종 방향과 목표를 다양하게 설정하여 품종을 육성하고 있다. 그 결과로, 전분함량이 높고 칩가공성이 우수한 '다미', '골든볼', '은선' 등 칩가공용 품종, 감자모양이 길고 건물함량이 높아 가공적성이 우수하고 프렌치 프라이로 적합한 '골든에그'와 '얼리프라이', 기형, 열개 등 생리장해 발생이 적고 일반 부식용인 '수선', '추원' 등 다양한 용도를 가진 품종을 육성하여 보급하고 있다. 이와 같이 현재까지 육성된 감자 용도별 주요 품종들의 현황과 육종 방향에 대해서 소개하고자한다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.112-112
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• 2022

This study aims to confirm the possibility of using the invasive alien plants in Jeju as a functional biomaterial. To achieve this purpose, 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions were prepared for five invasive alien plants (Hypochaeris radicata, Rumex acetosella, Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Solanum viarum, Lactuca scariolar) and their antioxidant, antibacterial anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects were investigated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract from invasive alien plants was shown in the order of Rumex acetosella > Hypochaeris radicata > Humulus japonicus. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract against food poisoning bacteria (4 species) and oral cavity-induced microorganisms (6 species) was measured. As a result, the extract of Humulus japonicus showed high antibacterial effects against food poisoning bacteria (E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus) and oral microbes (L. casei, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis). In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract from invasive alien plants was investigated. As a result, the NO production inhibition activity was highest in the Rumex acetosella and the Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ethanol extract, and the NO production inhibition activity was concentration-dependent. In addition, the Rumex acetosella and the Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ethanol extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on cytokine (IL-6) production. These extracts also showed inhibitory activity of COX-2, an inflammatory protein. This suggests that NO production inhibition activity by the extract of invasive alien plants is the result of inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Currently, organic solvent fractions of crude extract are manufactured and the investigation of active ingredients is continuing along with evaluation of biological activity such as anti-inflammatory. These results are expected to be a major data for the study on the separation and utilization of active ingredients with antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects using foreign plant crude extract and solvent fractions, and are highly likely to be applied to the development of functional food and cosmetics materials.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

Background: Comparing with the several types of infrastructures, linear infrastructures are known to facilitate the spread of undesirable species in ecosystems. Recently, some new man-made habitats (e.g., gravel pads of the high-voltage towers, solid wastes and sewage habitats) were established along the Deltaic Mediterranean coast of Egypt as a result of the construction of the E-W coastal international highway. The current study evaluates the floristic composition associated with the pads of high-voltage towers that had been constructed for stabilizing the power line towers in the North Nile Delta. Plant cover was measured for 22 randomly stand. Results: Eighty-four species were recorded, of which 35 are perennials (41.6%), 2 biennials (2.3%) and 47 annuals (56.0%) belonging to 23 families. The largest families were Asteraceae (16 species), Poaceae (15 species), Chenopodiaceae (12 species), and Fabaceae (7 species). Ten aliens (10.7%) out of the 84 species were recorded. Therophytes have the highest percentage (58%), followed by hemicryptophytes (14%), chamaephytes (11%). Six vegetation groups were recognized in the study area after the application of two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Phragmites australis, and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum have the highest presence percentage. Both of Salsola cyclophylla and Solanum villosum were recorded for the first time in North Nile Delta. Natural habitat had the highest α-diversity, but the lowest β-diversity (4.9, 15.4), while gravel pads had the reverse (2.7, 30.8). Some species which are native to the desert habitats (e.g., Rumex pictus, Salsola kali, and Carthamus tenuis) were able to invade the North Nile Delta. Conclusions: Habitat of gravel pads is an expressing form about the intense of disturbance in Deltaic Mediterranean coast of Egypt. More of efforts should be carried out to avoid more human disturbances that creating as ruderal habitats which open the gate to invasive species in the flora of North Nile Delta.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2009

관비 용액의 인산 농도가 '축양' 가지의 인산 결핍 및 과잉증상 발현, 식물 생육 그리고 수확량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 정식 35일과 150일 후의 식물체 분석을 통해 최대 생장량과 수확량을 위한 식물체내 적정 인산 함량을 설정하였다. 가지에서 인산이 결핍되면 식물체의 하엽이 암록색으로 변하면서 점차 자주색을 띄었고, 열매는 비대되지 못하여 정상과 보다 작았다. 인산 과잉시 하엽 가장자리가 반점형태의 옅은 갈색을 띈 후 점차 하엽 안쪽으로 확산되었으며, 과일은 비대되지 못하거나 곡과가 발생되었다. 정식 35일 후의 지상부 건물중과 가장 최근에 완전히 전개된 잎의 인산 함량은 인산 시비농도에 대하여 각각 3차곡 선회귀적 ($y=10.43+14.47x-4.7642x^2+0.3977x^3$) 및 2차곡선회귀적 ($y=0.7887+0.2394x-0.0197x^2$) 반응을 보였다. 최대 생장량의 90% 생장량을 생장억제를 방지하기 위한 한계점으로 설정하면 가장 최근에 완전히 전개된 잎을 기준으로 0.98~1.35%의 범위에 포한되도록 시비농도를 조절해야 한다. 정식 150일 후 수량과 식물체내 인산 함량 변화도 인산 시비농도에 대하여 각각 3차곡선회귀적반응 ($y=1194.6+1502.2x-454.5x^2+35.64x^3$) 및 2차 곡선회귀적 ($y=1.0589+0.5207x-0.0573x^2$) 반응을 보였고 가장 최근에 완전히 전개된 잎을 기준으로 인산 함량이 1.53~2.25%의 범위에 포함되도록 시비농도 및 횟수를 조절하여야 수량 감소를 방지할 수 있다고 판단하였다.