• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2019

This study examines the restoration project of Sokkuram, and introduces its preliminary plans by the architect Pai Ki Hyung. The restoration project started in 1958 with an inquiry committee of the restoration project, and was completed in 1964. Despite having undergone extensive repair work under Japanese supervision from 1913 and 1923, the repair work caused water leakages inside Sokkuram, and regular cleaning work that began in 1933 caused a lot of damage to the sculpture. In result of the surveys, the top priority of this project was to protect the sculptures inside Sokkuram by improving the environment of the cave. At that time, the architect Mr. Pai participated as a head of the fourth field surveyors to plan the restoration project and to design the preliminary plans. He proposed the installation of a double dome structure to prevent further water leakages on the concrete addition that was built up around the grotto by the Japanese. However, in 1961, the Cultural Heritage Committee of Korea examined the plans of Mr. Pai and immediately rejected them. The factors of the rejection were the omitting of entrance design, system of new double dome structure that presses the existing structure, and these changes that had to be made outside of the drainage plans. The repair work of Sokkuram began in 1961, and the main construction was building double dome structure and entrance installation. In this we realize that Mr. Pai's double dome structure plans were very important key concept of this project. This study attempts to demonstrate the double dome installations that Mr. Pai initially proposed, which ultimately remains as emblematic factors of Sokkuram's legacy.

• 복식
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2000

Prime Minister Kim tart-song is said to have built this cave temple in the tenth year of the reign of King Kyongdok-wang(742-765) of Unified Shilla(751). The numerous stone Buddhist images in the grotto represent the best Buddhist figure of the Unified Shilla period and of all Korea. The Sokkuram Grotto is composed of the main hall, entrance to the main chamber and antechamber in space. The main hall beyond the small antechamber is round and the ceilling is domed. Within the rotunda sits a majestic Buddha(Amitabha), 3.48m in height and 2.6m in width, carved in granite and facing east. Surrounding the main Seated Buddha are eleven-headed Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva and the other three Buddhist images, Ten disciples, Buddhist figures in the ten Niches in relief. An eleven-headed Avalokltesvara Bodhisattva of boundless mercy is sculptured on the wall behind the main Seated Buddha. Further guarding the Buddha are ten standing Arhans of the Disciples of Buddha. Next, two Devas. one on each side, stand guard. Two Bodhisattvas are the saints who are next to the Seated Buddha in importance, also one on each side. And, There are ten niches around the dome. They contain seven seated Bodhisattvas and one Vimalakirti(the name of a famous lay disciple of the Buddha). Two niches are empty. Consequently, there are total thirty-eight Buddhist images in the Sokkuram cave temple. The Buddhist images have been reguarded as masterpieces of Buddhist art and Shilla culture of Unified Shilla in the eightth century. The Buddhist images are represented very dear, elegance and beauty of detail skill

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 1999

Sokkuram grotto, a UNESCO cultural heritage in Kyongju Korea, was originally covered with crushed rocks over its dome with ventilating holes. The grotto was perfectly preserved for more than 12 centuries until the upper structure was replaced with a concrete dome in the early 20th century to protect from total collapse. Since then, heavy dew formed on the granite surface to seriously damage the sculptures until it was further remodeled with air-conditioning facilities in the 60s. It is considered that the original upper porous structure had a dehumidifying capability. This research is made to unveil the dehumidifying mechanism of the rock layer during the rainy season in that area. A rock layer and a concrete layer are tested in a temperature/humidity-controlled room. No dew formation is observed for the two specimen for continued sunny days or continued rainy days. However, heavy dew formed on the concrete surface for a sunny day after long rainy days. It is thought that the sun evaporates water on the ground and dew is formed at the surface as the highly humid air touches the yet cold concrete. On the contrary, no dew formation is observed for the rock layer at any time. Even in the above worst situation, air flows downward through the cool rock layer and moisture is removed before reaching inside. Temperature measurement, flow visualization, observation of dew formation and measurement of air velocity are made to verify the mechanisms.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2003

오늘날 컴퓨터 그래픽이라는 학문이 각 분야에서 각광을 받으면서 Computer 활용의 디지털 영상매체를 이용하는 분야는 디자인 영역에서뿐만 아니라 여러 분야에서 보편화되어 있다. 그 중에서도 가상현실이라는 기술을 활용한 분야들은 활발히 연구 진행중이며 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 또한 여러 선진국들은 이러한 가상현실 기술을 문화재의 복원에 이용하여 자국의 문화와 역사를 세계에 알리는데 큰 성과를 얻고 있다. 특히 다양한 가상현실 시스템들 중 인공적인 환경을 가장 잘 표현 할 수 있는 시스템인 CAVE 환경을 서구에서는 다양하게 활용하고 있으나 우리 나라에서는 아직 보급단계라 할 수 있다. 특히 본 연구에서 다루고자 하는 디지털 문화재 복원 분야는 CAVE 환경에서 한번도 다루어지지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 CAVE 기반의 디지털 문화재 복원에 대한 실증연구를 통해 그 방향을 제시하여 CAVE 환경에서 의 문화재 디지털 복원이 가지는 가치와 이에 따른 가상현실 기술 활용에 대한 문화재 디지털 복원의 의의와 발전 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 CAVE에 대한 전반적인 고찰을 하고 CAVE를 이용한 국외 문화재 디지털 복원의 사례를 소개 한 후, 우리 나라 불국사와 석굴암의 디지탈 복원과정을 진행하고 한계점 및 미래방향을 언급한다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.585-590
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• 2005

It can be said that refrigeration and air-conditioning technology in Korea dates back to the ancient Shilla dynasty, all the way up to the Sokkuram(700s) and Seokbinggo(1700s). But modem refrigeration and air-conditioning technology was first developed in and introduced to Korea in the 1960s with the modernization of Korea. Today it is at a level which meets that of advanced countries in both the industrial and domestic fields. 62 million units of refrigeration and air-conditioning machinery and equipment were produced in 2003, worth a total of 7.7 trillion won(about 7.7 thousand million US$). As of 2003, there were about 700 companies that owned cold storage / freezing / refrigeration facilities, with cold storage capacity of about 2 million ton and capacity per company of about 3 thousand ton. This facilities most are continuously expanding and automatizing their facilities.