• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to create soil contamination maps using QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) and suggest selection methods for soil pollution sources for preferential investigation in a soil contamination survey. Method: Data from soil contamination surveys over five years in Gyeonggi-do Province, South Korea (2013-2017) were used for making soil contamination maps and analyzing the density of survey points. By analyzing points exceeding the concern level of soil contamination, soil pollutant sources for priority management were identified and selection methods for preferred survey points were suggested through a study of the model area. Results: A soil contamination survey was conducted at 1,478 points over five years, with the largest number of surveys conducted in industrial complex and factory areas. Soil contamination maps for copper, zinc, nickel, lead, arsenic, fluoride, and total petroleum hydrocarbons were made, and most of the survey points were found to be below concern level 1 for soil contamination. The density of the survey points is similar to that of densely populated areas and factory areas. The analysis results of points exceeding the criteria showed that soil pollutant sources for priority management were areas where ore and scrap metals were used and stored, traffic-related facilities areas, industrial complex and factory areas, and areas associated with waste and recycling. According to the study of the model area, the preferred survey points were traffic-related facilities with 15 years or more since their construction and factories with a score of 10 or more for soil contamination risk. Conclusion: Soil contamination surveys should use GIS for even regional distribution of survey points and for the effective selection of preferred survey points. This study may be used as guidelines to select points for a soil contamination survey.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

Laboratory analytical results of 22 sets of hydrophobic adsorbent coils containing surface soil-vapor and two soil samples collected by conventional intrusive method from each boring location at two active dry cleaning facilities in the State of Illinois, U.S.A, were presented to evaluate the performance of soil-vapor survey. The most critical factor to determine the effectiveness of soil-vapor survey is the distance from the soil-vapor sampling device to the actual contamination, which is a function of soil porosity, permeability, primary lithology, and other geological and hydrogeological site-specific parameters. Also this factor can be affected by the history of contaminant-generating operations. The laboratory analytical results in this study showed longer dry cleaning operation history (i.e., 50 years) and presence of fine sand at the beneath Site B allow the contaminants to migrate farther and deeper over a fixed time compared to Site A(i.e., 35 years and silty clay) so that the soil-vapor survey is not likely the most effective environmental site investigation method alone for Site B. However, for Site A, the soil-vapor survey successfully screened the site to identify the location reporting the highest soil concentration of chlorinated solvents.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

This study suggested the new site classification system according to land use, type of contamination and contaminants. Because the present site classification system can not cover all the areas, we changed the concept of land use to more detail one and enlarged the concept of other areas to cover all the areas not defined as certain land use. In case of the present industrial area, it was merged as other areas to avoid the confusion with oil and toxic material storage tank farm area. Accident area was separated from other areas and defined as only accident area caused by the mobile storage facility. In addition to classify the sites according to the basic land use, we classify the sites again in lower level according to the type of contamination and contaminants. With this classification system, we proposed different soil sampling strategy with the consideration of the origin of contamination and the interactions between soil and contaminants. We removed the surface soil sample (0~15 cm depth) around above storage tank because it was not a effective sample to assess whether that area contaminated or not. We also proposed to take the deeper soil samples at minimum three sampling points to confirm the depth of contamination in exploratory soil survey. We also proposed to remove the one point of 15 m depth sampling because it is not effective to confirm contaminated soil depth and needs the exhausted labor and cost. Instead of doing this, we added the continuous sampling to uncontaminated subsoil. Soil sampling points and depth in detailed soil survey is determined based on the results of exploratory soil survey. Therefore, effectiveness and reinforcements of exploratory soil survey would play an important role in improving the reliability of detailed soil survey.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2023

수문순환의 이해와 효율적 수자원 관리의 측면에서 토양수분의 중요성이 조명되고 있으나, 국내에는 양질의 지점 토양수분 자료의 부재로 그 활용도가 매우 낮은 실정이다. 때문에 인공위성 기반의 토양수분을 적용할 때에도, 기준자료가 되는 지상 관측자료가 없어 객관적인 평가 및 교정이 어려운 실정이다. 코즈믹 레이 중성자 탐지센서(cosmic-ray neutron probe, CRNP)를 활용한 토양수분 관측소는 위성 자료의 검보정을 위한 기준 자료 생산에서 핵심적인 역할을 수행할 수 있다. CRNP는 비침습식으로 설치가 가능하여 토양층 교란과 식생 환경의 피해를 최소화할 수 있고, 공간 대표성을 가진 중간 규모의 관측 범위를 가지고 있다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 특징은 지형이 복잡하고 식생이 우거진 지형이 많은 우리나라에서의 활용이 용이하다는 장점으로 이어진다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국형 코즈믹 레이 토양수분 관측 시스템(Korean cOsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System, KOSMOS) 구축의 일환으로, CRNP를 활용한 토양수분 관측소의 국내 적용성을 평가하고자 수행되었다. CRNP 관측소는 전력 및 설치 부지 확보의 용이성과 추후 타 수문기상 인자와의 효율적 활용을 고려하여, 한강홍수통제소의 홍천군 군업리 관측소에 병행 설치되었다. CRNP 토양수분 자료의 평가를 위해 12개소의 지점 토양수분 센서를 추가로 설치하였으며, 시간 안정성 분석을 통해 공간적 대표성을 평가하였다. CRNP에서 생성되는 중성자는 평균 1,087 counts per hour 정도로 설마천 관측소에 비해 낮게 나타나 홍천 관측소의 환경이 더 습윤한 환경임을 알 수 있었다. 관측된 중성자 자료의 중성자 보정과 초기교정을 통해 토양수분을 산정하였으며, 산정된 토양수분 자료는 짧은 교정 기간에도 지점 자료와의 검증에서 r=0.82로 높은 상관성을 보여주었고, root mean square error=0.02 m³/m³의 높은 정확도를 보여주었다. 추후 계절성을 반영할 수 있도록 연간 자료가 축적된 후 재교정을 수행하면 보다 높은 정확도를 보여줄 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는 CRNP 토양수분 자료의 우수성을 검증한 선행연구들과 더불어, KOSMOS 구축 시 양질의 토양수분 자료를 생산할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.615-626
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• 2019

토양수분과 유출은 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있으며, 특히 토양 내의 여러 요소들에 의해 토양의 수분보유능력과 배수의 특성이 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 2016년, 2017년 설마천 유역에서 총 40개의 사상을 분리하였다. 선정한 사상별로 constant-K 방법을 적용하여 직접유출과 기저유출을 분리하고 유출계수를 산정하였다. 산정된 유출계수는 선행토양함수와 지수함수 형태의 증가를 보였다. 또한 유출계수가 급증하기 시작하는 토양수분의 임계값을 선정하였으며, 이 값은 유출과 지하수면과의 큰 상관관계를 나타내었다. 선행토양함수뿐만 아니라 초기 토양수분, 토양 저류량, 강우량 등 여러 인자들도 유출 결과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 선행토양수분의 임계값에 따라 강우사상을 건조, 습윤 상태로 분리하여 시작 반응과 첨두 반응을 분석해 보았으며, 습윤 상태에서의 반응이 건조 상태에서 보다 빠르게 발생하였다. 건조 상태에 속하는 대부분의 사상에서는 토양수분이 정점에 도달한 후 지하수면과 유출량 순으로 정점에 도달하는 첨두 반응이 일어났으나 습윤 상태에서는 반대로 지하수면과 유출량이 토양수분보다 먼저 정점에 도달하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 유출에 기여하는 인자들 사이의 상호작용을 확인하고 토양의 다양한 조건과 유출 사이의 관계를 규명하는 데에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.180-183
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• 2003

Recently, the pollution of soil and groundwater becomes a serious social problem, and geophysical exploration methods have been introduced as a remedial investigation method of subsurface. Digital technologies such as personal computer have revolutionized our ability to acquire large volumes of data in a short term, and to produce more reliable results for subsurface image. Also, color graphics easily visualizes the survey results in a more understandable manner, and it is widely used for not only characterizing the contaminated subsurface but also monitoring contaminant and remedial process. In this paper, electrical resistivity survey were carried out In order to understand characteristics of waste landfills, and the applicability of geophysical prospecting to site assessment of waste landfill was also tested. According to the result, electrical resistivity survey were effective in estimating distribution of the leachate plume.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.382-386
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• 2001

Presently, typical maximum probe spacing of soil resistivity survey(Wenners 4 pin method) is 20 m in case of 154 K substation grounding design of KEPCO. This paper examined the effects of maximum probe spacing of wenner method on the equivalent soil modeling and the accuracy of grounding resistance measurement by comparing the calculated FOP(Fall-of-Potential) curves of various soil models with the measured one at 154kV H substation. The comparison results showed that the inaccurate estimation of deep soil resistivity, which is caused from the short probe spacing of soil resistivity survey, can produce large errors on measurement of grounding resistance. In this paper a quantitative analysis of FOP at H substation has been presented.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2001

This study was performed to survey the characteristics of surface water and soil in Wangdungjae wetland located at Chiri-Mountain. The results of survey summarized as follows; 1. The physico-chemical characteristics of surface water such as pH, temperature, and DO were in the range of 6.02-6.39, $13.5-24.3^{\circ}C$ and 3.81-9.97 mg/L, respectively. Also, the organic concentrations such as BOD and COD were in the range of 1.3-1.61 mg/L and 3.55-9.97 mg/L, respectively. The water quality of five different sampling sites showed the similar characteristics. 2. The physico- chemical characteristics of soil showed the different properties with the soil sampling depth. According to increasing sampling depth, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and electric conductivity (EC) increased but pH decreased. 3. The future survey and researches on surface water and soil environments are needed to preserve the Wangdungjae wetland at Chiri-mountain marsh.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.377-380
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• 2004

To identify the effect of landfill waste for groundwater and unsaturated air environment, soil gas survey and hydrogeochemical study were executed. The geology of the study area is granite and aquifer is mainly composed of sandy soil. The results of spatial distribution from soil gas showed the boundary of buried waste and processes and degree of waste decomposition. Groundwater contamination by leachate from landfill is controlled by groundwater flow attributed by the original topography and liner.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.429-432
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• 2005

Geophysical investigations, as a non-invasive method, were conducted at the former gas station site contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons. GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey was performed to locate buried objects such as USTs (Underground Storage Tanks) and fuel pipes which might serve as a origin of the site contamination. Additional GPR investigation and a resistivity survey were conducted to map water table and to characterize shallow geologic structures of the site. The results of the study have shown that seven USTs including one unknown UST and buried fuel pipes are present, and that the groundwater elevation varies with topography from approximately 1.5 to 3m below the surface and the water table is located in the residual soils above the bedrock in the site. The results also show that the geophysical methods can be a very useful tool for the characterization of the contaminated site.