• 건설안전기술
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• 통권47호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2008

In order to apply the Limit Equilibrium Method generally used for the slope stability analysis to the vertical excavation walls reinforced by soil-nailing, in this study, the Limit Equilibrium Method for the temporary shoring facilities reinforced by soil-nailing was proposed, which is based on the stability for the horizontal displacement. In this study, the relation of the internal friction angles of the ground and the vertical excavation depths was arranged, which is satisfying the stability on the horizontal displacement by using the verification of the Limit Equilibrium Method. And then, the rational reinforcing length of soil-nailing was proposed for the critical areas. In addition, the modified safety ratio satisfying the stability on the horizontal displacement was proposed, when the Limit Equilibrium Method was applied to the vertical excavation walls reinforced by soil-nailing.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2022

Loess soils are unsaturated and widely distributed in the northwest zone in China. Many steep slope of unsaturated are observed are observed to be naturally stable. However, a low factor of safety (FoS) for these slopes would be computed from the slope stability analysis following local code practices. It seems that the analyzed results following the local code practices do not agree with the real condition as observed in the field. It is commonly known that soil suction plays an important role in slope stability due to a higher shear strength of the unsaturated soil as compared with that of the saturated soil. In this paper, it is observed that the computed FoS can also be affected by unsaturated unit weight of the soil. However, the effect of unsaturated unit weight of the soil on the slope stability is commonly ignored in engineering practice. Therefore, both the effects of shear strength and unit weight of the unsaturated soil on the computed FoS of unsaturated soil slope are investigated in this study. It is observed that the unsaturated unit weight of soil on the computed FoS increases with increase in slope angle. It is also observed that the effects of the unsaturated shear strength and unsaturated unit weight on the computed FoS are more significant than the effect of 3D analyses compared to the 2D analyses on the FoS.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.66-71
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• 2010

This paper studies the effect of saturation of backfill on the seismic stability of reinforced soil walls (RSWs) using centrifuge shaking table tests. For comparison, degradation of static stability and seismic stability of a RSW under unsaturated condition was also investigated. Test results showed that the RSW under saturated condition had enough static stability. However, seismic stability of saturated RSW significantly decreased as compared with that under unsaturated condition. The saturated model RSW did not collapse, though it showed large deformation. It maintained sufficient stability after shakings although a clear slip surface appeared in the backfill. Finally, it is discussed how to evaluate residual stability of RSWs damaged by earthquakes with test results and the simple evaluation method proposed by authors.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석 및 전단강도 감소기법을 적용하여 가압식 그라우팅 쏘일네일로 보강된 사면의 시공 단계를 고려한 사면안정 해석을 수행하였으며 무보강 자연사면 및 중력식 그라우팅 쏘일네일로 보강된 사면의 안전율과 비교함으로써 가압식 그라우팅 쏘일네일의 사면 보강효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 가압식 그라우팅 쏘일네일로 보강된 사면의 안전율이 중력식 그라우팅 쏘일네일로 보강된 사면에 비해 50% 이상 크게 나타났으며, 쏘일네일의 길이가 증가할수록 가압에 따른 보강효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가압에 의해 사면 활동파괴영역이 확대됨에 따라 사면 전단저항 능력이 증가하는 것을 확인하였으며, 쏘일네일의 인발저항력이 사면보강에 가장 큰 영형을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2007년 가을학술발표회
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• pp.481-501
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• 2007

Excessive rainfalls due to climatic changes can trigger an increase in rainfall-induced slope failures that pose real threats to both lives and properties. Many high slopes in residual soils could stand at a steep angle, but failed during or after rainfall. Commonly, these slopes have a deep groundwater table and negative pore-water pressures in the unsaturated zone above the groundwater table contribute to the shear strength of soil and consequently to factor of safety of the slope. Stability assessment of slope under rainfall requires information on rate of rainwater infiltration in the unsaturated zone and the resulting changes in pore-water pressure and shear strength of soil. This paper describes the application of unsaturated soil mechanics principles and theories in the assessment of rainfall effect on stability of slope through proper characterization of soil properties, measurement of negative pore-water pressures, seepage and slope stability analyses involving unsaturated and saturated soils. Factors controlling the rate of changes in factor of safety during rainfall and a preventive method to minimize infiltration are highlighted in this paper.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2019

Based on the effective stress principle, a new formula for shear strength of unsaturated soil is derived under the general nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion to improve the classical strength criterion of unsaturated soil. Meanwhile, the simple irrigation model under steady seepage is adopted to obtain the distribution of the matrix suction or the degree of saturation (DOS) above the groundwater table in the slope. Then, combined with the improved strength criterion of unsaturated soil and the simple irrigation model under steady seepage, the limit equilibrium (LE) solutions for the unsaturated slope stability are established according to the global LE conditions of the entire sliding body with assumption of the stresses on the slip surface. Compared to the classical strength criterion of unsaturated soil, not only the cohesion soil but also the internal friction angle is affected by the matric suction or the DOS in the improved strength criterion. Moreover, the internal friction angle related to the matric suction has the nonlinear characteristics, particularly for a small of the matric suction. Thereafter, the feasibility of the present method is verified by comparison and analysis on some slope examples. Furthermore, stability charts are also drawn to quickly analyze the unsaturated slope stability.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.157-170
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 억지말뚝을 이용한 점성토지반 절토사면에 대한 새로운 설계법이 제안된다. 이 설계법에서는 사면의 기울기와 높이, 억지말뚝열의 수와 설치위치, 말뚝의 간격과 강성 등의 요소를 체계적으로 선택할 수 있게 되어 있다. 이 설계법은 줄말뚝을 포함한 사면의 안정해석법에 근거하여 확립될 수 있다 말뚝으로 사면을 안정시킬 수 있는 기본적인 개념은 줄말뚝이 산사태와 같은 측방변형지반속에 설치되어 있을 경우 말뚝사이의 지반이 지반아칭현상에 의하여 억지 될 수 있다는데 있다. 줄말뚝을 포함한 사면의 전체안정을 검토하기 위하여 말뚝안정해석과 사면안정해석이 동시에 실시되어야 한다. 제안된 설계법에 따라 설계된 점성토지반 절토사면에 계측기를 설치하여 말뚝 및 말뚝사이 지반의 거동을 면밀히 관찰하였다. 이를 통하여 점성토지반 절토사면에 설치된 억지말뚝의 사면안정효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.2794-2802
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• 2009

Soil Nailing 공법은 사면보강과 지반굴착시 많이 사용되고 있는 공법이다. 일반적인 Soil Nailing의 해석은 복잡한 컴퓨터해석을 필요로 하지만 본 연구에서는 한계평형 해석을 이용하여 단순사면에 Soil Nailing 보강검토시 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 설계도표를 제안하였다. 3가지 사면형태와 네일의 길이비, 입사각을 선택하여 한계평형해석에 근거한 Bishop법과 French Method를 적용하여 해석하였으며 신속한 설계가 요구되는 경우나 예비설계단계, 그리고 설계에 대한 최종 검토시 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 안정도표로 정리하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 도표를 Taylor의 도표와 비교한 결과 유사한 안전율을 계산할 수 있었으며 Soil Nailing 보강도표를 네일의 길이비와 입사각의 선택시 활용한다면 해석에 따른 시간을 많이 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

국내 풍화토사면의 경우 순수 균질 사면보다는 대부분 점토 및 세립분이 섞인 비균질 상태로 존재하며 이러한 함유비율은 풍화도 및 지역에 따라 다르다. 따라서 세립분함량 변화에 따른 불포화사면에의 분석을 위해, 화강풍화토(SW)에 일정비율의 세립분(CH)을 섞어 성형한 시료를 통해 GCTS pressure plates을 이용한 함수특성곡선 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 및 침투해석결과 강우지속시간에 따른 포화깊이의 증가율은 세립분이 증가할수록 또한 상대밀도가 증가할수록 작아졌다. 또한 침투해석과 포화 및 불포화강도정수를 이용한 사면 안정성 해석결과(SLOPE/W), 전반적으로 세립분함량 $10\sim15%$의 범위까지는 침투깊이 증가에 따른 흡수력 변화가 안전율에 지대한 영향을 미치는 반면 이를 초과하는 경우(>15%)에는 오히려 세립분함량 증가에 따른 강도정수의 변화가 크게 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

The estimation of key soil properties and subsequent quantitative assessment of the associated uncertainties has always been an important issue in geotechnical engineering. It is well recognized that soil properties vary spatially as a result of depositional and post-depositional processes. The stochastic nature of spatially varying soil properties can be treated as a random field. A practical statistical approach that can be used to systematically model various sources of uncertainty is presented in the context of reliability analysis of slope stability Newly developed expressions for probabilistic characterization of soil properties incorporate sampling and measurement errors, as well as spatial variability and its reduced variance due to spatial averaging. Reliability analyses of the probability of slope failure using the different statistical representations of soil properties show that the incorporation of spatial correlation and conditional simulation leads to significantly lower probability of failure than obtained using simple random variable approach.