• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1976

This paper is the third one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, the first one was presented in No 9. Gyeongsang College Report and the second one in Vol. 17, No.4 of the KSAE. In the first part of this study, the characteristics of traction forces between the nonoscillating earth working equipments and oscillating ones was compared. A model of the balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, which composed of a mechanism that may reduce the machine vibration, was designed following the dimensional analysis and similitude technique. The model test was carried out to clarify the balancing mechanism of the oscillating parts and other parts of the machine. In the light of the results from the model tests, a prototype machine was made for experimental purpose. Results from the field test by a reported in the near future. In the second report, the model tests were carried out under the same soil conditions, i.e, . oscillating frequency, running velocity, and oscillating amplitude, etc. It was clear that use of balanced type oscillating model could substantially reduce the vibration of the whole system of the machine, when compared with the nonoscillating type model. In this paper(the third report), results of investigation on the traction force, power requirement, and moment. etc, is presented. Analysis of variance technique was used for analyzing the effect of the frequency, amplitude, and running velocity on the draft force, torque, power requirements, and moments. The results obtained from the model tests are as follows, 1) By practicing a balanced-type oscillating mole-drainer, it was possible to reduce the traction resistance by 55.1-61. 2 percent of traction resistance, however, was 1.75 - 1.95 times greater than the value of resistance which was induced by use of a mole-drainer with single bullet. The resistance of rear shank against soil was considered as a main causing factor of the above results. 2) As the oscillation frequency was increased, the traction resistance was decreased. Considering on the effect of oscillation the greater the amplitude, and the slower the running velocity was, the greater the reduction ratio of traction resistance was. 3) The ratio of the traction resistance of oscillating mole-drainer to that of non-oscillating one could be represented as a function of dimensionless variable (V/$Af$). The results from the tests were well agreed with the reported results from the experim ents on oscillation plow or hoe. 4) By taking a lower value of (V/$Af$), reducing the traction resistance was possible. This fact meant, however, that the efficiency of mole drain practice would be lower. 5) It was experimentally confirmed under the same condition of soil that the variable (R/$rD1^3$) could be represented as a function of a variable($V^2/gD$) when a non\ulcornerocillating mole-drainer was used. 6) When a oscillating mole-drainer was used, the variable(R/$rD_1^{3}$) could be represented as a function of two variables ($v^2/gD_1$) and (V^2/gD_1$). 7) The torque was not affected by a change of frequency. However, a relation of proportionality existed between torque and amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter. When a balanced type oscillating mole-drainer with two bullets was used, torque was increased by 52.8-78. 4 percent and total power requirement was also increased. 8) Total power requirement was increased linearly in accordance with the increasing frequency, 41.96 percent of total power was used for oscillating action. The magnitude of total power requirement was 1. 8-9. 4 times greater than that of a non-oscillating mechanism. In the view point of power requirement, it was not advisable to increase the frequency, amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter at the same time. 9) Only the positive moment occured in the rear shank. Change of the diameter of a rear bullet, could not affect the balancing against the soil resistance. It was necessary for rear bullet to have a large resistance against soil only when the rear bullet was in backward motion. 10) Within an extent of the experimental base, optimum limits for several design factors were A=0.5cm, $f$=22.5Hz, V=O. 05m/sec, and $\lambda$=1.0 By adapting these values traction resistance was reduced by 40 percent and vibration acceleration wa s reduced by 60 percent. Even though the total , power requirements for operating a balanced type oscillation mechanism was greater ~than that of non-oscillating one, using a oscillating mechanism would be more effective. Because a balanced type oscillating mechanism is used, tractive resistance will be reduced and then the lighter . tractive equipment could be used.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

Uncertainty study of shear strength characteristics of the marine clays was carried out based ell In-situ tests and laboratory tests on tile south-east coastal region of the Korean peninsula. Theoretical analyses were studied using both tile spherical cavity expansion theory in finite soil mass and the strain path method to determine tile cone factor using the undrained shear strengths obtained by in-situ tests, and the empirical methods in accordance with the ultimate resistance theory were also discussed. Analysis show that the empirical methods suggest more reasonable value than that of theoretical methods in terms of comparing the cone factor estimated using linear regression and frequency distribution analyses. The cone factors obtained by the empirical methods are 18, 15, and 6 respectively, from the results of total cone resistance, effective cone resistance, and excess porewater cone resistance method, and the estimated were similar to those of previous researcher's.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.335-335
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• 2017

Recently NERICA (New Rice for Africa) was developed by a crossing of African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) in West Africa, and is considered to be drought resistant, but drought resistance of NERICA and differences between Asian rice are not clarified enough. In this research, NERICA (four cultivars and two lines), Asian rice (three cultivars and sativa parent of NERICA) and African rice (glaberrima parent of NERICA) were cultivated in the field in Shizuoka University under drought and traits of each cultivar and line relevant to drought resistance, stomatal conductance by porometer, soil water content of individual depths by TDR method, SPAD values by SPAD meter and leaf thickness by micrometer, were measured and compared with dry matter production and yield. Effects of compost were also compared among sativa parent, one NERICA cultivar and two NERICA lines. Glaberrima parent showed highest top dry weight. One NERICA line, one drought resistant Asian rice cultivar and sativa parent, showed higher top dry weight and yield (ear weight) than other Asian rice cultivars and NERICA cultivars and line tested. Compost tended to increase top dry weight and yield in one of NERICA line and sativa parent. But in one NERICA cultivar and line, top dry weight and yield were not increased. In one of Asian rice, one of NERICA line and sativa parent that showed high top dry weight and yield, stomatal conductance was high. On the contrary the glaberrima parent and in other NERICA cultivars and line it was low. In sativa parent compost increased stomatal conductance but in NERICA cultivar and lines it was not. Among cultivars and lines that showed high top dry weight and yield sativa parent and one of NERICA line SPAD value and leaf thickness were high but in one of Asian rice and glaberrima parent they were low. Cultivar and line differences in yield and top dry weight among Asian rice and NERICA were significantly correlated with those in stomatal conductance ($r=0.778^{**}$ and $r=0.654^*$, respectively) and those in leaf thickness ($r=0.600^*$ and $r=0.640^*$, respectively). In Asian rice cultivars average soil water content was significantly correlated with yield ($r=0.886^*$) but in NERICA cultivars and lines it was not significant correlated (r= -0.256). Cultivar and line differences in leaf thickness were significantly correlated with SPAD value ($r=0.773^{**}$). In Asian rice cultivars it was significantly correlated ($r=0.962^{**}$), but in NERICA cultivars and lines it was not significantly correlated (r=0.559). Asian rice cultivars tended to consume soil water to increase yield but in NERICA cultivars and lines the tendency was not clear. Correlation between SPAD value and leaf thickness was different between Asian rice and NERICA cultivars and lines, and in Asian rice cultivars it was significantly correlated but in NERICA cultivars and lines it was not significant. Importance of maintaining high stomatal conductance by high leaf thickness was clarified.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.80-93
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• 2000

This study measured the shearing resistance of the roots of the Pinus Koraiensis by the tensile strength gained through their individual tensile test for the Root Reinforcement Model. On the basis of the shearing resistance value calculated through such a process the factor of safety(Fs) was comparatively presented by using the simplified Janbu Method in PCSTABL5M, the slop-analyzing software which had been developed in Purdue University of the U.S.A according to the shape of a slope and the type of soil. The results to have measured a stress and the factor of safety(Fs) by experiment are as follows. 1) The mean root diameter of the Pinus Koraiensis used for this experiment was 2.483mm and the mean tensile stress was calculated as 422.846(kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). In the strain ratio of material and the elastic modulus was measured 7.8%, 9,291.92(kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). 2) The shearing strength including the resistance of soil and root is expressed as Rt=C+Cr+$\sigma$.tan . ΔCr(kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of the shearing resistance calculated by estimating the areal ratio of roots at 10 is 0.253(kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). 3) As the result of making an analysis of the natural slope stability by the soil parameter, the factor of safety(Fs) was calculated at 1.795 in CL, and the stability analysis of the root reinforcement slope, Fs was calculated at 1.952. However, since a precise analysis of the controlled factors of the slope analyses are demanded for more accurate dynamic analyses, the future demands a study on this.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

When some enormous earthquake hazards broke out in the neighboring Japan and Taiwan, many Korean earthquake engineers thought that seismic guidelines must be adjusted safely and economically to consider the moderate earthquake characteristics. In the present aseismic guideline for liquefaction potential assessment, a simplified method using SPT-N value and a detail method based on the dynamic lab-tests were introduced. However, it is said that these methods based on the equivalent stress concept to simplify an irregular earthquake are not reliable to simulate the kaleidoscopical characteristics of earthquake loading correctly. Especially, even though various data from the dynamic lab-test can be obtained, only two data, a maximum cyclic load and a number of cycle at an initial liquefaction are used to determine the soil resistance strength in the detailed method. In this study, a new assessment of liquefaction potential is proposed and verified. In the proposed assessment, various data from dynamic lab-tests are used to determine the unique soil resistance characteristic and a site specific analysis is introduced to analyze the irregular earthquake time history itself. Also, it is found that the proposed assessment is reasonable because it is devised to reflect the changeable soil behavior under dynamic loadings resulted from the generation and development of excess pore water pressure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2023

To analyze the consolidation with horizontal sand drains, the plane strain consolidation model under multi-ramp loading is established, and its corresponding analytical solution is derived by using the separation of variables method. The proposed solution is verified by the field measurement data and finite element results. Then, the effects of the loading mode and stress distribution on consolidation and dissipation of pore pressure are investigated. At the same time, the influence of hydraulic conductivity and thickness of sand blankets on soil consolidation are also analyzed. The results show that the loading mode has a significant effect on both the soil consolidation rate and generation-dissipation process of pore water pressure. In contrast, the influence of stress distribution on pore pressure dissipation is obvious, while its influence on soil consolidation rate is negligible. To guarantee the fully drained condition of the sand blanket, the ratio of hydraulic conductivity of the sand blanket to that of clay layer k_d/k_v should range from 1.0×10⁴ to 1.0×10⁶ with soil width varying from 100 m to 1000 m. A larger soil width correspondingly needs a greater value of kd/kv to make sure that the pore water can flow through the sand blanket smoothly with little resistance. When the soil width is relatively small (e.g., less than 100 m), the effect of thickness of the sand blanket on soil consolidation is insignificant. And its influence appears obvious gradually with the increase of the soil width.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

진동타입기에 의해 시공되는 강널말뚝의 관입속도를 예측하고자 수정 Ramberg-Osgood 모델을 적용하여 진동타입기의 주기운동에 따른 지반의 동적 저항력을 모사하고자 하였다. 수정 Ramberg-Osgood 모델을 규정짓는 다양한 인자는 현장시험을 통해 구한 동적 지반저항력곡선의 양상을 반영하여 결정하였는데 이때 매개변수로는 표준관입시험값(N값)을 이용하였다. 관입속도는 해석결과가 현장시험결과에 비해 작게 계산되었으며 관입깊이에 따른 관입 소요시간은 해석결과가 현장시험결과에 비해 크게 계산되어 해석결과가 현장시험결과에 비해 보수적인 값을 보여주었다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2002년도 학술대회논문집
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• pp.313-318
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• 2002

Purpose of the grounding system design are establish a safe environment for personnel as well as the general public in the vicinity of the power system equipment, and establish a low resistance connection to earth such that protective devices detect and isolate faults quickly and potential rise of the grounding system does not exceed a value which could damage electrical equipment. This paper deals with the grounding system design for the electric facilities. In this paper, emphasize the necessity of the computer programs for the grounding system designs. Especially, earth soil models for the grounding system design are must used two-layered soil model.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2016

본 연구는 천연기념물로 지정된 소나무와 은행나무를 중심으로 수목활력도를 측정하고, 관리시설물에 따른 노거수의 수목활력도 차이를 규명하였다. 수목활력도 측정 결과 소나무의 전기저항 값은 평균 $14.9K{\Omega}$이고, $8.5{\sim}37.5K{\Omega}$사이에 분포하며, 은행나무의 전기저항 값은 평균 $13.5K{\Omega}$로, $6.4{\sim}40.5K{\Omega}$사이에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 관리시설물 현황조사 결과 소나무, 은행나무 모두 과반수 복토 및 석축이 이루어졌고, 특히 복토 여부에 따라 수목의 활력에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 소나무와 은행나무 모두 복토 된 수목의 형성층 전기저항 값이 복토되지 않은 수목보다 유의하게 높게 나타나 상대적인 생육상태가 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 복토를 제거하는 방향으로 관리가 필요하며 천연기념물로 지정된 노거수 외 지자체에서 관리하고 있는 보호수에 대한 관리방안 실태조사도 실시하여 전반적인 복토 제거 등 관리시설물 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2019

균질한 지반에서 말뚝의 지지력은 선단지지력과 주변마찰력의 합이며, 사질지반에서는 주변마찰력이 선단지지력보다 우세한 것으로 알려져 있다. 다수의 말뚝을 근접하여 설치하는 무리말뚝에서는 말뚝 하나하나의 지지력이 말뚝 상호간 간섭에 의해 달라질 수 있으므로, 말뚝의 근접도에 따라서 선단지지거동과 주변마찰거동의 변화를 정확하게 파악하여 말뚝을 설계해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주면마찰거동의 영향을 배제한 상태에서 무리말뚝의 선단지지거동을 측정하기 위해 크기가 일정한 원형 토조에서 여러 가지 직경과 깊이로 말뚝을 설치하고 상대밀도가 균일한 모래지반을 조성한 후 선단지지력을 측정하여 무리말뚝의 근접도에 따른 영향을 확인하였다. 연구결과 말뚝의 선단저항력은 비교적 뚜렷하게 극한값을 나타냈다. 말뚝의 극한선단지지력은 주면마찰력과 말뚝의 직경에 의한 영향을 적게 받으며, 말뚝관입길이가 깊어질수록 일정한 값에 수렴하였다. 또한, 무리말뚝에서 인접한 말뚝이 말뚝 직경만큼 서로 이격되어 있으면 인접말뚝의 영향이 거의 없었다.