• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

Accumulation of nitrate in edible crops is undesirable due to potential risks to human health. Since nitrate has a role in the osmotic regulation of plants, salt accumulation in soil is expected to stimulate nitrate accumulation in plants. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in soils of different salinities, 9.69 and $4.49dS\;m^{-1}$, in a greenhouse, and the effect of soil salinity on nitrate accumulation in lettuce was investigated. Content of nitrate in the lettuce increased significantly as soil salinity increased under low light intensity and ample supply of nitrate in root media. Soluble sugar and oxalate contents in lettuce were also significantly higher in the soil of higher salinity. Phosphate, Cl, and $SO_4$ contents in lettuce were not significantly different in soils of different salinities. Among the cations, K content in lettuce was significantly higher in the soil of higher salinity, but Na, Ca, and Mg comtents were not much influenced. Comparing to the lettuce grown in low salinity soil, although the growth of lettuce was decreased by 9% in the soil of higher salinity, nitrate accumulation in the lettuce was increased by 18.6%. These results indicate that higher nitrate content in lettuce of higher salinity soil is a positive accumulation to adapt to the water stress condition. The nitrate accumulation of vegetables grown in plastic film houses is known to be due to the heavy fertilization and low light intensity, but salt accumulation in the soil, which can lower soil water potential, is expected to stimulate the nitrate accumulation further.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1789-1795
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• 2007

Railroad, the structure maintenance and restoration project was increased and widely performed in concrete pavement road and airport, building at downtown area, bridge abutment, and other concrete structures. Especially, the ground reinforcement technique by quick-reaction expansible resins is the most effective countermeasures against differential settlement and undesired deformation of structure. In this paper, the unconfined compressive strength and some environmental related tests were conducted to evaluate compressive strength and environmental effect of quick-reaction expansive resins and soil mixtures. Also, three case histories of concrete structure and railroad restoration project are presented. Based on the laboratory test, the quick-reaction expansible resins and soil mixture represent the sufficient compressive strength and the leachate material is satisfied the environmental regulation limits. As a result of this study, the structure restoration technology using quick-reaction expansible resins is very effective for restoration of differential settlement and deformation, and it is environmentally sustainable technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.253-259
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• 2005

Mine is quickly decline, Nowadays, many of abandoned and closed mines. AMD is abandoned surface water by accumulated yellowboy and caused environmental pollution by amount of heavy metals. The aim of this study waste lime was mixed with the sediment to produce an aggregate far the purpose of neutralizing the acidity and stabilization the heavy metal in the aggregate structure .to pozzolan effect. The result of Waste lime and sediment mixed(5%, 10%, 20%)ration by curing days(3, 7, 38days), After 28 curing days as 5% mixed waste lime leaching solution concentration of all heavy metals is satisfied with regulation limit. Also, the result of fractionate heavy metals to stabilization as 28 curing days very decrease exchangeable and reducible type, and then increase carbonate type. With the above results, waste lime the most effective for the sediment treatment and useful for the recycling waste resource.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2013

The typical natural landscapes and temporal- spatial regulation of Land use change and their ecological effects at Hailun County were conducted and analyzed, based on the translated data from remote sensing images in 1986, 1996 and 2000 using GIS and landscape ecological theory. The results indicated the area of arable land, paddy field and city land increased 7,786.39 $hm^2$, 3391.18 $hm^2$ and 120.84 $hm^2$ while the area of forestry, grassland and marsh decreased 3,184.88 $hm^2$, 1,625.8 $hm^2$ and 3,994.85 $hm^2$ respectively during 14 years. Dry land is a main landscape in this area. These changes made the environmental quality worse gradually, such as land degradation, soil erosion and water and soil losses, and temperature getting warmer. This study is very important for the local ecological environment protect and agricultural sustainability and land resources sustainable using.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.3 s.54
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• pp.255-266
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• 2006

Soil organic matter (OM) is well documented for its capacity to retain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and thus is important in dictating the environmental partitioning of POPs between media such as air, water, and soil. Black carbon (BC) is a small component of OM and exhibitt a 10$\sim$100 times greater sorption capacity of POPs than humified OM. Furthermore, due to the inherent long environmental life time of BC, a result of its resistance to physical and biological degradation, POPs can continue to accumulate in BC over a long period of time. The unique properties of BC have been of particular interest over the last 30 years and have resulted in broad research being conducted into its effects of POP cycling in atmospheric, oceanographic and soil matrices. The results of such studies have proved valuable In providing new research initiatives into the role of BC in the cycling of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) as well as giving further insight into the long range atmospheric transport (LRAT) potential and subsequent risk assessment criteria for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this report, we introduce a novel study examining the relationships between BC and OM with respect to their POP sorption capacity and discuss the role of BC in influencing the environmental regulation of organic pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.348-355
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• 2017

Human activities have resulted in soil pollution problems to us. Human and ecological risk assessment have been suggested as an efficient environmental management strategy for protecting human and ecosystems from soil pollution. However, Korean environmental policy is currently focused on human protection, and fundamental researches for ecology protection are required for institutional frameworks. In this study, we developed a schematic frame of Korean soil ecological risk assessment, and suggested the basic information for its application. This study suggested a soil ecological risk assessment scheme consisting of 4 steps for derivation of Predicted-No-Effect-Concentration (PNEC): 1) ecotoxicity data collection and reliability determination, 2) data standardization, 3) evaluation of data completeness for PNEC calculation, and 4) determination of ecological-risk. The reliability determination of ecotoxicity data was performed using Reliability Index (RI), and the classification of domestic species, acute/chronic, toxicity endpoint, and soil properties was used for data cataloging. The PNEC calculation methodology was determined as low-reliability, middle-reliability, and high-reliability according to their quantitative and qualitative levels of ecotoxicity data. This study would be the introductory plan research for establishment of Korean soil ecological risk assessment, and it can be a fundamental framework to further develop guidelines of Korean environmental regulation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2004

Several tests were conducted to optimize design parameters of soil washing technique for arsenic contaminated tailings and soils. Arsenic contaminated tailings and soils have been sampled from the N nine, Kwangwondo and the K mine, Kyungsangbukdo, respectively. According to the result of sequential extraction procedure, total arsenic concentrations were 21,028 $\pm$ 190, 443$\pm$7, and 37$\pm$3 mg/kg, for mine tailings, dry field, and river sedimentary soil, respectively. The subtotal of weakly bonded and easily releasable arsenic concentrations which were 2,284$\pm$100 (10.9%), 151$\pm$5 (34.0%), 15$\pm$3 (39.5%)mg/kg for mine tailings, dry field, and river sedimentary soil, respectively. Kinetics of arsenic extraction using NaOH showed that arsenic was extracted more than 90% after 6 hours for all samples. The optimized concentration of NaOH were 200 mM for all samples while the optimized dilution ratio were different to have 1:10 (mine tailings) and 1:5 (dry field, river sedimentary soil), respectively. Results of sequential soil washing tests using NaOH showed that arsenic concentrations obtained by Korean Standard Test Procedure were decreased to meet the regulation for both river sedimentary soil and dry field while they were not decreased largely for mine tailings, even though NaOH had much higher efficiencies of arsenic extraction than other extractants.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1997

There are approximately 500 abandoned mining sites in Korea. Abandoned mines cause various environmental and safety problems such as landscape damage, soil, groundwater and stream pollution by heavy metal, acid mine drainage and soil erosion. According to the survey, there are significant numbers of mines causing environmental problems in Korea. For a environmentally sound management of abandoned mines, the Soil Pollution Control Act should include the regulation concerning soil pollution and recovery standards of the abandoned mines. Also, comprehensive survey about abandoned mines, setting-up of tile recovery priority, finance for clean-up are necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.325-337
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the soil environment of urban neighborhood parks and to use them as basic data for evaluating the ecological functions of urban parks such as groundwater regeneration, flood control, microclimate regulation, adsorption and purification. The landscape design criteria were generally evaluated as advanced, and further monitoring and studies are needed to evaluate the various ecological functions. It is also necessary to improve the phosphoric acid and nitrogen contents, which tended to be low. In addition, continuous monitoring is needed to assess the proper soil environment according to the biological species, and to evaluate the ecological functions. The results of this study can be used to evaluate the groundwater recharge of urban parks. In particular, when the land of the neighboring park is used for various purposes, the level of access of the user may be increased. Therefore, factors that may adversely affect the user's health, such as heavy metals and organic matters, should be selected and selected as management criteria. In addition, follow-up studies considering fertilization standards suitable for trees and growth of introduced vegetation, etc. are needed urgently to improve the soil environment.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

This study applied EK method to remediate contaminated soil by lead (Pb), tried increasing efficiency of remediation using adsorbent (apatite and zeolite) as enhanced EK remediation method to overcome the limit of traditional EK remediation method. Adsorption tests on Pb were practiced to extract EK, making different concentration of contaminated soil, voltage condition, operating time etc., transferring Pb-ion into the position of adsorbent, then tried immobilization. On this results, the efficiency of remediation is different on its test conditions. In addition, the efficiency of remediation was not only improved by adding electrode revεrsal and install position of adsorbent but also satisfied TCLP regulation of EPA in USA through the whole sample range. Finally, absorption and immobilization capacity of apatite and zeolite proved on its excellence and confirmed the possibility of application of apatite and zeolite as enhanced EK remediation method.