• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) pellets for the arsenic (As) stabilization and to suggest an evaluation method for arsenic stabilization efficiency in soil around abandoned coal mines. The soil samples were collected from the agricultural field around Ham-Tae, Dong-Won, Dong-Hae, and Ok-Dong coal mine. The As concentration in soil was exceeding the criteria of soil pollution level, except for Ham-Tae coal mine. The AMDS pellets are more appropriate to use by reducing dust occurrence during the transport and application process than AMDS powder. In addition, AMDS pellets were maintained the As stabilization efficiency. The application of AMDS pellets for the As stabilization in soil was assessed by column experiments. The AMDS pellets were more effective than limestone and steel slag, which used as the conventional additives for the stabilization process. The As extraction by $0.43M\;HNO_3$ or $1M\;NaH_2PO_4$ solution were appropriate evaluation methods for evaluation of As stabilization efficiency in the soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Increase of heavy metals in agricultural ecosystem has become a social issue nationwide as it is related to public health. This study was performed to find out the status and long-term trends with consecutive application with the commercial liquid pig manure in the agricultural fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: Heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc were analyzed in the 41 samples of paddy fields and 54 samples of upland fields consecutively applied with commercial liquid pig manure for 0 to 16 years. Heavy metal accumulation were not increased statistically at the both paddy and upland fields as the consecutive application year of commercial liquid pig manure were increased. However, some of surveyed upland soils exceeded the criteria of cadmium, copper, and zinc designated by the Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea. CONCLUSION: Therefore, analysis of heavy metals, specially copper and zinc, in agricultural fields is absolutely necessary before liquid pig manure application to the fields. In addition, heavy metal accumulation in agricultural fields following to the long-term application of liquid pig manure will be monitored periodically considering with bioavailability of copper and zinc to the crops as an essential nutrients.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2001

This study was performed to develop an information processing system for the sound conservation of soil and groundwater resources. The system contains numerical models and geographic information systems for underground flow and contamination. Multidimensional Finite Element Model for Subsurface Environment (MFEMSE) was invented to analyze underground flow and pollution problems of water and gas phases. Newly developed and conventional models (MODFLOW, MOC3D, MT3D, PMPATH, PEST, UCODE) were integrated with GIS (ArcView) for the construction of an integrated information management system of subsurface environment. This system was applied to the management of three mineral water companies located in clean high mountain basin. Desirable management criteria and operational strategies were suggested using this system. The system was constructed to be applied for the broad sense of decision supporting tools in related topics of this study, so that it can be used not only for the prevention regulations, but also for clean up projects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2004

The disposal of stormwater is one of the major problems in urban water management. One method of reducing peak runoff rates and other detrimental impacts of stormwater is detention storage. Detention ponds as a water quality control alternatives have been investigated by a number of researchers. Recognizing multiple roles such as flood peak attenuation, pollution removal and aesthetic enhancement, the design and management of detentions ponds deserve more research. The purpose of this research is to establish design criteria wet detention ponds to improve water quality. Water quality in detention pond discharge might be improve with physical, chemical and biological alterations. Physical alteration was focused in this study. There are several methods for estimating the suspended solid control capability of wet detention ponds. Existing models of suspended solids removal are based on sedimentation and gravity settling theory. The pollutant trap efficiency of pond is a function of several interrelating factors. Detention time is the most important factor, because it determine gravity settling quantities of pollutants. Desirable modification of physical factors for improvement of water quality in wet detention ponds are volume ratio, area ratio, length to width ratio, depth, out let location, bottom soil type. In order to apply design procedure in actual site, Namak new town development area was selected.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.27-39
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• 2012

This paper presented the strength and environmental characteristics of reclaimed-ground filled with controlled low-strength materials (CLSM) made of coal ash, small amounts of cement, and water in a reclamation site and evaluated the possibility of the use of coal ash on reclamation materials for beneficial use. Three-month period of SPT, CPT, environmental effects evaluation etc. were conducted. N values and cone resistances in ground filled with CLSM were greater than or similar to those in dredging sand. In case of land filled with coal ash except cement these values were lower than those in dredging sand. The results of soil and seawater pollution were lower than test criteria without high pH. Also the values of PH test were measured between pH 5.0~9.0, the criteria of industrial water in the Law for the Underground Water of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.145-159
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• 1997

Cheju Island is the most attractive resort area in Korea for its exotic landscape, natural beauty, and traditional culture which is quite different from that of the mainland. Until now, most of the recreational facilities and accomodations have been constructed along the coastal areas. Recently, mid-mountain area has been under very heavy development pressure because it is suitable for new sites for tourism facilities and the land price in the coastal area is very high. The mid-mountain area is the land located 200-600m above the sea level. It is a major source of water supply for the island and has exotic scenic beauty, which cannot be found in mainland but it is the area very vulnerable to water pollution Therefore, it is very important to manage this area based on the concept of environmentally sound and sustainable development in order to meet ever increasing demand for the land development The purposes of this project are: 1) to establish Geographic Information System for the whole island, 2)to formulate environmentally sound landuse plat However, There has been accuracy of the original map, defining criteria of analysis, updating of the data were identified for future tasks to be studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.519-519
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• 2003

We performed a hydrochemical study on a total of 89 bedrock groundwaters collected from preexisting wells (30 to 300 m deep) in the Boeun area. Hydrochemical data showed significant variations in the area, due to varying degrees of anthropogenic pollution. The waters were mostly enriched in Ca and HCO$_3$ but locally contained significant concentrations of anthropogenic constituents in the general order of Cl >NO$_3$>SO$_4$. In particular, about 11% of the examined wells exceeded the drinking water standard with respect to nitrate. We consider that aquifers in the area are locally highly susceptible to the contamination related to agricultural activities. Diagrams showing the relationships between the summation of cations (∑cations) and the concentration of several anions with different origin (natural versus anthropogenic) were used to estimate the relative role of anthropogenic contamination. A good correlation was observed for the relationship between ∑cations and bicarbonate, indicating that water-rock interaction (namely, hydrolysis of silicate minerals) is most important to control the water quality. Thus, we made an assumption that the equivalent of dissolved cations for a water should be equal to the alkalinity, if the chemistry were controlled solely by a set of natural weathering reactions. If we excluded the equivalent quantities of cations and bicarbonate (natural origin) from the acquired data for each sample, the remainder therefore could be considered to reflect the degree of anthropogenic contamination. Finally, we performed a multiple regression approach for hydrochemical data using the ∑cations as a dependent variable and the concentration data of each anion (natural or anthropogenic) as an independent variable. Using this approach, we could estimate the relative roles of anthropogenic and natural processes. Rather than the conventional evaluation scheme based on water quality criteria, this approach will be more useful and reasonable for the evaluation of groundwater quality in a specific region and also can be used for planning appropriate protection and remedial actions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Most of the tailings have been left without any management in abandoned metalliferous mines and have become the main source of heavy metal contamination for agricultural soils and crops in the these areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was carried out to investigate the assessment of the heavy metal contamination in paddy soils located on downstream of the closed metalliferous mine. The average total concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) in paddy soils were 8.88, 56.7, 809, 754, and 37.9 mg/kg, respectively. Specially, the average concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were higher than those of warning criteria for soil contamination(4 mg/kg for Cd, 200 mg/kg for Pb, and 300 mg/kg for Zn) in agricultural soil established by Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea. The proportions of 0.1 M HCl extractable Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As concentration to total concentration of these heavy metals in paddy soils were 27.7, 21.3, 35.1, 13.8 and 10.5%, respectively. The pollution index of these five metals in paddy soils ranged from 0.42 to 11.92. Also, the enrichment factor (EFc) of heavy metals in paddy soils were in the order as Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>As, and the enrichment factor in paddy soil varied considerably among the sampling sites. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of heavy metals in soils were in the order as Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>As, specially, the average geoaccumulation index of Cd, Pb, and Zn (Igeo 2.49~3.10) were relatively higher than that of other metals in paddy soils. CONCLUSION: Based on the pollution index, enrichment factor, and geoaccumulation index for heavy metal in paddy soils located on downstream of closed metalliferous mine, the main contaminants are mine waste materials and mine drainage including mine activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.1 s.76
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• pp.56-66
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• 1996

Ecological variations of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were determined from the soils collected from different sites of the polluted and unpolluted areas related to the soil pollutions. Average 24.5 spores $(per\;20g)^{-1}$ soil of AM fungal spore were counted from the 32 sites of soils collected from On-san (polluted), whereas average 4.1 spores $(per\;20g)^{-1}$ soil from the 18 sites of those from Mt. Kwanak (polluted); Average 23.6 spores $(per\;20g)^{-1}$ soil of AM fungal spore were also counted from the 30 sites of soils collected from Chung-mu (unpolluted), whereas average 15.8 spores $(per\;20g)^{-1}$ soil from the 14 sites of those from Mt. Chungwang (unpolluted).The spores of AM fungi were the species of Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora and Scutellospora. Among the above four genera, the species of Glomus were observed to be more abundant than the other genera in the soils collected from On-san, Chung-mu and Mt. Chungwang whereas the species of Gigaspora in those from Mt. Kwan-ak. The parameters of soils measured showed some variations between the polluted and unpolluted areas; 12.9 to 16.4% in the soil moisture, 5.6 to 8.3% in the organic matter and 4.3 to 5.7 at soil pH (polluted to unpolluted areas, respectively). The soils collected, thereby, appeared to be more strongly acidic and also lower in the contents of soil moisture or organic matter at the polluted area than unpolluted area. Based on the ecological criteria, the species richness or species diversity had significant differences (p<0.05) between polluted and unpolluted area. The spore density of genus Glomus or Gigaspora was significantly different (p<0.05) among the soils of three different plant vegetations (conifer plants, broad leaf plants, and grass plants). Also, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the species evenness or species diversity among the soils referring to three different plant vegetations. There was a direct relationship $(r^2=0.38)$ between soil moisture and organic matter measured from 94 soil samples. Since there was a direct relationship $(r^2=0.22)$ between organic matter and total spores, it seems to be likely to presume that mycorrhizal spores can be increased in proportion to enhanced organic matters in soils. The species richness or species diversity was inclined to increase in proportion to enhanced soil pH and total spores in soils.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2022

The LID technique began to be applied in Korea after 2009, and LID facilities are installed and operated for rainwater management in business districts such as the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and LH Corporation, public institutions, commercial land, housing, parks, and schools. However, looking at domestic cases, the application cases and operation periods are insufficient compared to those outside the country, so appropriate design standards and measures for operation and maintenance are insufficient. In particular, LID facilities constructed using LID techniques need to maintain the environment inside LID facilities because hydrological and environmental effects are expressed by material circulation and energy flow. The LID facility is designed with the treatment capacity planned for the water circulation target, and the proper maintenance, vegetation, and soil conditions are periodically identified, and the efficiency is maintained as much as possible. In other words, the soil created in LID is a very important design element because LID facilities are expected to have effects such as water pollution reduction, flood reduction, water resource acquisition, and temperature reduction while increasing water storage and penetration capacity through water circulation construction. In order to maintain and manage the functions of LID facilities accurately, the current state of the facilities and the cycle of replacement and maintenance should be accurately known through various quantitative data such as soil contamination, snow removal effects, and vegetation criteria. This study was conducted to investigate the current status of LID facilities installed in Korea from 2009 to 2020, and analyze soil changes through the continuity and current status of LID facilities applied over the past 10 years after collecting soil samples from the soil layer. Through analysis of Saturn, organic matter, hardness, water contents, pH, electrical conductivity, and salt, some vegetation-type LID facilities more than 5 to 7 years after construction showed results corresponding to the lower grade of landscape design. Facilities below the lower level can be recognized as a point of time when maintenance is necessary in a state that may cause problems in soil permeability and vegetation growth. Accordingly, it was found that LID facilities should be managed through soil replacement and replacement.