• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.645-655
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• 2018

The use of wood waste as substrate for plant growth exemplifies a strategy for turning waste into resources. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of wood-based growing media on plant cover in a slope area. Moreover, we tried to find out what physicochemical properties affect plant cover on a slope. For treatments, we tested natural soil, soil mixed with wood-based growing medium (1:1, w/w), and wood-based growing medium by itself. Physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated after four months from the date of treatment application to the experimental slope site. Soil coverage with seedlings of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya was measured for plant growth evaluation. Physicochemical properties were altered by mixing the natural soil with wood-based growing medium. Particularly, soil moisture and organic matter contents were significantly changed in soils treated with wood-based growing medium compared to soil alone. We confirmed that plant coverage rate was high when wood-based growing medium was mixed with the natural soil. There was a significant linear relationship between moisture content and CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) of all growth media tested and plant coverage. This result was expected, as moisture content tends to increase with organic matter content, such as in wood-based growing medium. In conclusion, the high moisture content of the wood-based growing medium was considered effective for plant growth in the experimental slope site, and this wood-based growing medium provides a means to improve the harmony between the slope and the surrounding environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental material and information for the plant maintenance after rooftop planting through physiochemical characteristics. The characteristics of artificial soils after rooftop planting from 1993 to 1999 was investigated. Fourteen investigation areas were selected from 4 cities(2 areas selected by each year). The analysis of the circumstances of the areas, the physical characteristics, and the chemical characteristics of the soil were conducted. The artificial soil pH ranged 5.26∼7.40 showing that after construction the soil pH tended to decrease. The soil bulk density of the site was lowest in 1999, 0.15g/㎤, and used to increase toward 1993. We found the fact that the soil bulk density increased gradually after rooftop application . The coefficients of permeability of the soils range from 0.016 to 0.052 cm/sec, which seemed to be in good permeability level. The artificial soils had relatively high water moisture capacity of 62.69∼71.36%. The soil organic matter content of the artificial soils ranged from 0.43 to 1.34%. The exchangeable caution concentration in the artificial soil ranged, Na, 2.36∼4.71mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}, Mg 0.88∼2.84mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX},K 2.97∼9.61 mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}, and Ca 9.39∼28.23 mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}. The amount of total N ranged from 0.003 to 0.286% in study sites. Soil chemical properties varied year to year and showed little tend. The research results showed that some characteristics of the artificial soil were changed after rooftop planting, i.e., soil pH and soil bulk density. Soil bulk density had a negative relationship with the coefficient of permeability, showing that the drainage condition might be limited after some period. This study suggests that a diversity of the research in the changes of the plant growth basis on the areas after construction.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2021

Red pepper seedlings were inoculated either alone or with a mixture of all five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). After 10 weeks of growth in the greenhouse, the seedlings were transplanted into fields and cultivated without chemical fertilizers and pesticides for 10 weeks. The results showed that plant growth was significantly increased under both greenhouse and field conditions, suggesting that AMF inoculation has a positive effect on the growth of Capsicum annuum and improves the physical properties of the soil by increasing the concentration of glomalin. The application of AMF can positively contribute to sustainable agriculture by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers while increasing crop growth.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2002

The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil properties and evaluation of plant utilization according to the application of compost used with phyllite. At this experiment, the plant cultivation test(lettuce and radish plant) was carried out to know about physico-chemical properties of compost, humus degradarion and stabilization degree, and some effects among rhe treatments were best at 20Mg/ha in PSPC 10(Phyllite, Saw dust, Pig manure Compost) plots and ar 10Mg/ha in PSPC 20 treatments, respectively. The EC value was high in the compost. Therefore the EC was appeared more than 2ds/m at the applied 40Mg/ha with compost. And in case of lettuce, Avail.-$P_2O_5$ and EC were more increased than in the radish plots, highly. In contrast, in case of radish, Toral-N, Total-C, and EC contents were decreased after plant cultivation. That is, it could know that radish was fond of absorprion of nitrogen. Also, BD values of soil physical properties were decreased according to increasing of phyllite addition ratio, however water holding capacity(WHC) was increased. The plant test had not been darnaged through the application of compost used with phyllite in soil and there had not been worse on changing of soil physico-chemical properties. Consequently, phyllite composts have been thought on agricultural utilized possibility.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.40-50
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the tree-ring growth characteristics of Zelkova serrata Makino after replanting, for the built-up planting founds for stability of landscaped trees in the reclaimed land from the sea. the factors, many affecting the growths of Zelkova serrata Makino, were the replanting stress and drought. The growth reduction due to replanting and drought occurred in the replanting year and the following year. The mean sensitivity(year-to-year variation) and the coefficient of variation(tree-to-tree variation in a certain year) in tree rings of Zelkova serrate Makino, were higher in the poor soil sites than in the favourable soil ones. And the poor soil sites were the filled ground of improve soil and the covered ground of improve soil and the top ground of big mounding than mounding ground sites, especially soil hardness, alkali soil, high $Na^+\;and\;K^+,\;low\;Ca^{++}\;and\;Mg^{++}$ and T-C were the most crucial. We suggest technique development of the built-up planting ground for stability in the reclaimed land from the sea. The built-up planting grounds in reclaimed land from the sea, should be considered for the use of fair soil with the physical and chemical soil properties, -high level foundation of planting ground, and the prevention of disturbed soil-.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

The periodic application effects of two different herbicides on soil physical properties were observed in a slightly hilly orchard of pear tree located on the southestern flank of the Palbong Mountain in Gongju Chungnam : (1) bare surface vegetation; (2) glyphosate-treated plot; (3) paraquat-treated plot. The slope of experimental plots ranged from 5.5%to 10.2%at an altitude of 125 mand 896 $m^2$ ($28m{\times}32m$) in area. The total respective rainfall events were 47, 52, 52 times during experimental period from 2006 to 2008, while approximately 65 percent of daily rainfall intensity from2006 to 2008 was less than 20 mm a day. The organic matter contents on the surface 15 cm soil ranging from1.23%to 1.84%in 2006 were changed into from1.35 %to 2.28%in 2008 in the order of control > glyphosate > paraquat > bare plot in 2008, indicating that the herbicide treatment influenced the accumulation organic matter in soil. The changes in soil particle contents showed that the loss of soil particles in top 5 cm soil depth was greater in a bare soil than in other treatments such as control, glyphosate, and paraquat-treated plot. The net changes in the bulk densities showed that there were little variations between May of 2006 and Nov. of 2008 even though there were some losses of the soil particles. The soil strength of the glyphosate-treated bare plots was much greater than those of other plots such as control, glyphosate, and paraquat plots. However the soil strengths in control plots were lower than those in the plots of glyphosate and paraquat treated ones.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

In-situ pilot experiment was carried out to establish a countermeasure on the soil loss from the hill side uplands that was rehabilitated by soil remediation method nearby abandoned mine sites for 2 years. It was considered that the affect of an inclination of cover surface, a stabilization treatment of cover layer by lime and steel refining slag (SRS) and a vegetation of soil surface as an effect factors in the experiment. It was constructed 4 lysimeters (plots, 22 m long, 4 m width) on the hilly side (37% inclination). One plot was control and two plots was treated by 1% lime and SRS. A remind one plot was modified a inclination to 27% to compare the affect of inclination on the amount of cover soil loss. It was attached a reservior tank and water level gauge in the end of lysimeters to measure the amount of the surface water flow and soil loss. It was also installed the automated sensors that could be collect the precipitation, soil moisture content, tension of cover layer in each plots. It was observed that the event of precipitation were caused the soil loss and it were related the physical and chemical properties of cover soil and inclination of surface layer of plots. During the experiment, it was exceeded the national regulation (50 t/ha/yr) in 37% inclination plots even though it was vegetated on the cover soil surface. However, in 27% inclination plot, it was shown that the amount of soil loss was maintained below the national regulation and, more ever, vegetation could reduce the the amount of soil loss. Therefore it was expected that such results could be applied to the future design of rehabilitation projects on the polluted farmland nearby abandoned mine sites.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.779-786
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• 2012

Many farmers have been seeking alternatives to chemical fertilizer for successful organic fruit production. This experiment was carried out to investigate the replaceability of chemical fertilizer by cover crop and slurry composting biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure (LM) application in pear orchard. Three treatments were contained in this experiment; cover crop only and cover crop + LM treatment, and control (chemical fertilizer application). Dry weight and mineral contents of gramineous cover crops were significantly increased in LM-combined treatments than that of leguminous species. Bulk density of soil was decreased in rye + LM and hairy vetch + LM treatments, compared with each cover crop treatment. Soil pH was lowest in fertilizer treatment and soil nitrate content became similar between treatments after rainy season. Available soil phosphate was lower in cover crop and cover crop + LM treatmemts than control, but exchangeable Mg was higher. The mineral content and net assimilation rate of leaves showed no difference between the treatments. As a result, it is suggested that the application of SCB liquid manure in pear orchard managed by cover crops is desirable to maintain the productivity by improving soil physical properties and potential nutrient recovery.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.27
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• pp.203-214
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• 2006

The work focuses on the chemical analysis of organic residues in archaeological soils. Particularly, the detection of manuring in archaeological soils can provide important information concerning early human behavior, diet, parasites, ecological adeptation. In this study, archaeological soils excavated at bunto-ri, Haenam and kumjang-ri, Kyungju were used to assess the possibility as indicators of ancient human activity in archaeological areas. The sampled soils were analyzed soil color, pH for their physical and chemical properties and GC/MSD to detect and quantify specific compound. The results showed that the sampled soils were normal pH(6.8~7.2) and soil color of light brown to yellowish brown. Also, the result from the GC/MS analysis indicated that their compounds were hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecane, docosanoic acid, methyl ester, teracosanoic acidand methyl este from bunto-ri site and 1-heptadecene, cyclotetracosane, tetracosane, cyclotetracosane,1-docosene, n-nonadecane, tetracosanoic acid methyl ester, cyclooctacosane, 1-nonadecene, eicosane, cyclotriacontane from kumjang-ri site. These compounds are not only normal soil materials but also animal lipid compounds. And the more scientific analysis of the soils will solve a curiosity for artificially incoming.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.455-462
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to compare soil physical and chemical properties and early growth of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings in harvested Larix kaempferi and Pinus rigida stands. Study stands were located in harvested L. kaempferi (Yeongju) and Pinus rigida (Wonju) plantations. Seedlings of L. kaempferi (1-1) and P. densiflora (1-0) were planted in April, 2008, Yeongju. Also, seedlings of L. kaempferi (1- 1) and P. densiflora (1-1) were planted with the density of 3,000 seedlings/ha in April, 2010, Wonju. We analyzed soil physical and chemical properties and the relative growth rate of seedlings using diameter at root collar and seedling height. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus concentrations in harvested P. rigida stand were significantly higher than those in harvested L. kaempferi stand. The relative growth rate of P. densiflora seedlings with former stands were not significantly different. The relative growth rate of diameter at root collar of L. kaempferi seedling in harvested P. rigida stands were significantly higher than that in harvested L. kaempferi stand. Higher concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in harvested P. rigida stand was probably positively affect to the early growth of seedlings.