• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2009

There are remarkable differences in growth and morphological characters of roots between mountain and field cultivated Panax ginseng. Growth of root in mountain cultivated ginseng was much slower than that of field cultivated ginseng. However, the factor affecting the retarded growth in mountain ginseng was not known. Soil analysis revealed that phosphorus (P) content of mountain soil was exceptionally low at least ten-fold lower compared to that of field soil. Thus, we suggest that low availability of P in mountain soil may be one of the limiting factors for growth of ginseng in mountain soil environment. We had monitored the growth of ginseng plants after one and three years of phosphate fertilizer application. Three kinds of phosphate fertilizers: fused magnesium phosphate, fused superphosphate, and single superphosphate were applied to mountain soil. Application of phosphate fertilizers increased the fresh-, dry weight, and diameter of ginseng roots and resulted in increased P accumulation in roots. These results demonstrate that slow growth of ginseng in mountain soil environment might be attributed to the low P content in mountain soil. Thus, analysis of P amount in mountain soil will be a good indicator for the selection of suitable site the ginseng cultivation in forest.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.110-134
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• 1977

담수로 인하여 환원이 된 논토양에 출수전 45일경에 전분을 시용하여 토양환원을 촉진시킴과 동시에 유해물질의 발생을 조장시킨 경우 인산과 석회 그리고 가리와 석회를 시용하여 출수기의 근활력과 수확기의 작물학적 실용형질 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1971년부터 1973년까지 3개년간 실험한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 전분을 시용하여 환원을 촉진시킨 토양에서 출수기의 근활력이 감퇴되었다. 2. 출수기의 근활력은 인산이나 가리시용에 의해서 큰 영향을 받지 않았고 석회시용의 영향은 토양의 조건, 인산 및 가리시용량의 차이에 따라서 복잡한 양상을 보였다. 3. 전분시용에에 의하여 환원이 촉진된 토양에서 일수평균영화수 및 등숙비율이 감소되어 정조 및 현미수량이 낮은 경향이었다. 4. 인산비료시용의 단독효과는 모든 조사특성에서 인정되지 않았지만 환원이 촉진된 토양에서는 인산시료의 시용이 수량구성요소와 수량을 증가시키는 경향이었다. 5. 가리비료시용은 단독효과도 모둔 조사특성에서 미미하였지만 환원이 촉진된 토양에서는 가리비료의 시용이 등숙비율, 정현비율 및 현미수량을 증가시키는 경향이었다. 6. 인산과 합께 시용했을 때 석회의 단독효과는 50kg/10a 수준에서 일수평균영화수를 증가시켰고 등숙비율 및 현미수량을 증가시키는 경향을 나타냈다. 7. 가리와 함께 시용했을 때 석회의 단독효과는 50kg/10a 수준에서 정조 및 현미수량을 증가시켰는데 이는 등숙비율의 향상에 기인된 결과였다. 8. 토양조건에 따른 석회시용효과의 차이는 확실치 않았으나 인산 및 가리를 시용한 경우 석회시용의 효과가 더 큰 경향이었다. 9. 출수기의 단위생근중당 근의 산화력과 등숙비율, 근의 산화력과 현미수량간에 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 10. 결론적으로 담수고온에 의해서 환원이 촉진됨과 동시에 유해물질생성으로 인하여 수도 후기생육의 불량이 예상되는 논에서는 인산 및 가리비료와 석회를 충분히 시용하므로서 수도 후기생육의 개선을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

Among the major nutrients, phosphorus is by far the least mobile and available to plants in most soil conditions. A large portion of soluble inorganic phosphate applied to soil in the form of phosphate fertilizers is immobilized rapidly and becomes unavailable to plants. To improve the plant growth and yield and to minimize P loss from soils, the ability of a few soil microorganisms converting insoluble forms into soluble forms for phosphorus is an important trait in several plant growth-promoting microorganisms belonging to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas and the fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus in managing soil phosphorus. The principal mechanism of solubilization of mineral phosphate by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is the release of low molecular weight organic acids such as formic, acetic, propionic, lactic, glycolic, fumaric, and succinic acids and acidic phosphatases like phytase synthesized by soil microorganisms in soil. Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups from the organic acids can chelate the cations bound to phosphate, thereby converting it into soluble forms.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2015

Arsenic (As) contamination of agricultural soils resulting from mining activity has caused major concern due to the potential health risk. Therefore the current study was carried out to investigate the relationship between fractionation of As in soil and rice uptake and to provide a basic information for adequate management of As contaminated agricultural soil. Twenty agricultural soils and rice affected by the abandoned mining sites were collected. Soil chemical properties and As concentrations (total and sequential extracted) in soils were determined and As concentrations in polished rice were analyzed. The average concentration of As in non-specifically adsorbed (F1), specifically adsorbed (F2), amorphous hydrous oxides of Fe and Al (F3), crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al (F4) and residual phase (F5) were 0.08, 1.38, 10.34, 3.26 and $10.98mgkg^{-1}$, respectively. Both soil pH and available phosphorus were positively correlated with the concentrations of As in F1 and F2. These results indicate that increasing the soil pH and available phosphorus can significantly increase the easily mobile fractions of As (F1 and F2). The average concentration of As in polished rice was $0.09mgkg^{-1}$. The concentrations of As in F1 and F2 showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of As in polished rice. Therefore soil pH and available phosphorus affect the distribution of As fractionation in soils and thus affect As bioavailability.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1967

The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2005년도 국제학술심포지움 The 44th Annual Meeting of Korean Society for Life Science
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• pp.173-173
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• 2005

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1988

인산(燐酸) 축적지(畜積地) 전토양(田土壤)에서 토양(土壤) 인산(燐酸) 및 무기태(無機態) 인산(燐酸)의 형태별(形態別) 조성(造成)에 영향(影響)하는 몇가지 토양화학성(土壤化學性)과 토양(土壤)의 인산(燐酸) 함량(含量), 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)과의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같디. 1. 토양(土壤) 산도(酸度) 및 치환성(置換性) 석회함량(石灰含量)은 토양(土壤)의 여러가지 인산(燐酸)들과는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였는데 $1.25N-N-NH_4$ OAc-P, Saloid-P, Ca-P 및 Total-P와는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으나 pH와 $0.01M-CaCl_2-P$, Al-P 및 Fe-P 사이에는 유의성(有意性)있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 보이지 않았다. 2. 활성(活性) 알루미늄은 유효인산(有效燐酸), 수용성인산(水溶性燐酸) 및 무기태(無機態) 인산(燐酸) 함량(含量)과 고도(高度)의 부(負) 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었으나 Al-P와 Fe-P와는 유의성(有意性)이 없었고, 활성(活性) 철(鐵)은 Fe-P 및 Total-P와만 1%에서 정(正)의 상관(相關) 관계(關係)를 나타내었다. 3. 토양(土壤) 산도(酸度)와 활성(活性) 알루미늄 및 치환성(置換性) 석회(石灰) 함량(含量)과의 관계(關係)에서, 활성(活性) 알루미늄은 고도(高度) 유의성(有意性)을 보이는 부(負)의 Log함수관계(函數關係)를($r=-0.836^{***}$), 치환성(置換性) 석회(石灰)와는 정(正)의 직선(直線) 상관관계(相關關係)($r=0.769^{***}$)를 보였다. 4. 토양(土壤)의 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)은 토양(土壤) 유효인산(有效燐酸), 수용성(水溶性) 인산(燐酸) 및 $0.01M-CaCl_2-P$와는 0.1%에서 고도(高度) 유의성(有意性)을 보이는 부(負) 상관관계(相關關係)를, 활성(活性) 알루미늄과는 정(正)의 수직상관관계(直線相關關係)를 나타내었으며, Ca-P와만 유의성(有意性)을 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2017

Environmental toxicity due to cadmium (Cd) pollution in croplands causes critical problems worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in Asia, including South Korea, and numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between Cd and antioxidants to alleviate Cd uptake from the soil into plants. However, information about the relationship between phosphorus (P) and antioxidants in rice seedlings is still limited with regard to Cd phytotoxicity. We therefore investigated the physiological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv 'Dongjin') seedlings to Cd toxicity and the effect of P application on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant changes. The exposure of rice seedlings to $30{\mu}M$ Cd inhibited plant growth; increased the contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and induced Cd uptake by the roots and leaves. Application of P to Cd-exposed seedlings decreased Cd-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of ascorbate (AsA) production and ROS-scavenging, and decreased Cd transfer from the roots to the leaves. These results suggest that P application alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition and oxidative damage by restricting Cd translocation from the roots to the leaves and maintaining sufficient levels of AsA.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.219-234
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• 1974

인산고정능(燐酸固定能)이 대단(大端)히 큰 것으로 알려진 제주도(濟州道) 화산회토양(火山灰土壞)에서 시용인산(施用燐酸)의 동태(勳態)를 파악(把握)코저 재배년수(栽培年數)가 다른 감귤원(柑橘園)에서 채취(探取)한 토양(土壤)에 대(對)하여 인산(燐酸)의 분별정량(分別定量)을 행(行)하고 각(各) 토양인산(土壤燐酸)의 축적형태(蓄積形態), 그의 토심(土深)에 따른 변화(變化) 및 이들에 영향(影響)을 미치는 토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)과의 관계(關係)를 비교검토(比較檢討)함과 아울러 인산흡착실험(燐酸吸着實驗)을 행(行)하여 인산흡착(燐酸吸着)에 대(對)한 등온흡착식(等溫吸着式) 및 인산시용량(燐酸施用量) 결정기준(決定基準)인 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係數)에 대(對)한 검사(檢討)를 하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 무기인산(無機燐酸)의 분별정량(分別定量)을 Chang & Jackson 법(法)에 의(依)하여 행(行)한 결과 형태별(形態別) 함량(含量)은 Water-soluble p

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제9권3_4호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1966

1. The effects of saline and alkaline salts on the content of phosphorus in the leaves of selected vegetable plants under soil and sand culture was investigated. 2. The reduction of growth was associated with increasing intensity of salts, although no significant differences was evident. 3. Phosphorus content in the leaves of two plants was depressed with increasing concentration of two typs of salts. 4. It was noticed that the phosphorus content increased with treated salts. That is, phosphorus content was higher in the leaves of treated salt plots than that of control plots and the difference was significant in the soil culture. 5. The values of the phosphorus content were higher in the leaves of two crops of NaCl plots than that of $Na_2CO_3$ plots and the difference was significant in Radish.