• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1993

The relationships between microbial activity and disturbance level of soil were investigated from 15 parks in Seoul and undisturbed area. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil and dehydrogenase activity(DHA) as an index of soil microbial activity were analysed. There were ranges of 3.84~7.37 in pH, 9.63~40.33% in moisture content, 3.41~21.49% in organic matter, 0.36~0.79g/g in water holding capacity and 0.03~0.53% in total nitrogen investigated sites. DHA values of soil were 8.64~$146.76{\mu}g/g$ in park soil and 545.14~$1, 198.80{\mu}g/g$ in undisurbed area. DHA of park soil with high traffic density and contamination source from human activities was much lower than that of undisturbed area. DHA was positively correlated with moisture content, organic matter, water holding capacity and total nitrogen.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.530-535
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure application on shoot growth, fruit qualities and soil chemical properties in peach orchard. SCB liquid manure was fertigated ten times from April to October in SCB plot, whereas chemical fertilizer was treated two times as basal and additional fertilizers in control plot. The shoot growth, leaf nitrogen and potassium content, soil exchangeable K, fruit weight and yield were higher in SCB plot than in control. Soluble solid content and acidity, soil organic matter, soil available phosphate and soil exchangeable Mg showed no significant difference between treatments, and the leaf calcium and magnesium content were lower in SCB plot than in control. In conclusion, fertigating SCB liquid manure in peach orchard has positive effects on fruit weight and yield, and it is suggested that periodical soil testing is needed because of the possibility of K accumulation in SCB liquid manure treated soil when the orchard is fertigated based on the soil nitrogen content.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.647-657
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• 2013

시설재배지 토양에 녹비작물의 재배가 Biomass-C와 토양 양분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 pot(${\phi}$10-cm)에 헤어리벳치, 호밀, 발랭이를 70일간 재배 후 식물체와 토양을 분리하여 분석한 결과가 다음과 같다. 녹비작물의 생육량은 호밀이 가장 많았으며, 질수흡수량은 헤어리벳치가 가장 높게 나타났다. 호밀 재배구가 토양의 인산함량은 가장 낮았으며, biomass C는 가장 높게 나타났다. 시험 후 토양의 질소함량과 식물체 질소 흡수량은 고도의 부의 상관을 보였다. T-N 함량은 헤어리벳치 시험구에서는 증가하였지만, 호밀과 바랭이 재배구에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 요약해볼 때 시설재배지에서 가장 중요한 것이 토양의 염류집적(EC) 인데 시험 후 토양에서 대조구에 비해서 콩과인 헤어리벳치는 EC가 약간 증가했고 다른 무기성분은 큰 변화가 없으며, 화본과인 호밀은 EC와 다른 무기성분도 약간 감소하는 경향으로 시설연작재배지에서는 화본과 작물이 염류집적 경감을 위해서 유리하다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.533-541
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to grasp what characterizes the vegetation base of the natural forest as a latent vegetation in the middle region of Korea and thus to offer basic data when improving the vegetation base in the middle region being built or to be built in the future. The findings of this soil section survey show the following: The soil is brown to red color soil group on the whole. In addition, the soil's physical features like soil hardness are rated as high level, which results from the fact that the forest soil exits in its natural form under less influence of stamping. The pH of soil shows a weak acidity, like Korean normal soil. Specific electrical conductance is also rated as middle to high level in accordance with the standards of landscape architecture. The Salix koreensis community and the Pinus rigida community are different from other communities in terms of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable $K^+$ content. Specifically, the two communities are opposed to each other in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphate, while being similar to each other in terms of available phosphate and exchangeable $K^+$ content. This seems to result from the fact that they are located near each other. In addition, the two communities are characterized by the fact that they are distributed at the altitude mean relatively lowest and in the valley. To sum up, the forest soil around Goesan Gun is of middle level on the whole according to the landscape standards, when judging it in terms of vegetation base. Accordingly, it seems that the construction of the vegetation base around Goesan Gun will not require large investment expenses for soil improvement. Also, it seems that the spatial scope of research is needed to expand the basic data on the construction of the vegetation base for the whole middle region of Korea.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2011

Long-term continuous application of livestock by-products to agricultural land may adversely affect the soil characteristics and the crop yield. Five year term study from 2007 was carried out to assess the effects of repeated application of low-concentration swine slurry on soil chemical properties including phosphate and heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three application rates of low-concentration swine slurry (Slurry composting and biofiltration, SCB): 50%, 100%, and 200% of recommended nitrogen fertilization. For swine slurry treatment of 50% nitrogen, deficient nitrogen was supplemented with urea fertilizer. The soil phosphorus and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Repeated application of the swine slurry alone for five years resulted in relatively high soil exchangeable potassium and sodium compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of tomato and cucumber did not show significant difference among treatments. Yields of the crops for the swine slurry were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results imply that continuous application of the swine slurry may not influence levels of soil phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils but could accumulate potassium and sodium in the soil.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2018

Background: Deforestation and degradation are currently affecting the ecosystem services of forests. Among the ecosystem services affected by deforestation and degradation are the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stored in forest soils which have greater impacts in global climate change. This study aimed at examining the amount of SOC and TN in the forest fragments which were separated from the continuous tracts of forests of Jibat and Chillimo through fragmentation processes over four decades. Methods: We have sampled soils from 15 forest fragments of Chillimo and Jibat in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The soil samples obtained in two separate soil depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) were bulked, dried, and sieved for analysis. Results: Our results have shown that the two sites (Jibat and Chillimo forest fragments) differed in their SOC and TN contents. While the values for Jibat were found to be 29.89 Mg/ha of SOC and 2.84 Mg/ha for TN, it was 14. 06 Mg/ha of SOC and 1.40 Mg/ha for TN for Chillimo. When all forest fragment soil samples were bulked together, Jibat site had twice the value of SOC and TN than Chillimo. When disaggregated on the basis of each fragments, there existed differences in SOC (1.86 Mg/ha and 42.15 Mg/ha) and TN (0.24 Mg/ha and 4.23 Mg/ha) values. Among the forest fragments, fragment four ($F_4$) had the highest Relative Soil Improvement Index (RSII) value of 3826.82% and fragment fifteen ($F_{15}$) had the lowest RSII value (726.87%) which indicated that the former had a better quality of soil properties than the latter. Conclusion: SOC and TN differed across sampled fragments and sites. Variations in soil properties are the reflections of inherent soil parent material, aboveground vegetation, human interferences, and other physical factors. Such differences could be very important for identifying intervention measures for restoration and enhancing ecosystem services of those fragments.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.527-533
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• 2006

The response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to dual inoculation with Rhizobium (R) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was studied on spore abundance and colonization of AM, nodulation, growth, yield attributes and yield. In all the parameters of the crop the performance of Rhizobium inoculant alone was superior to control. Dual inoculation with Rhizobium and AM in presence of P performed the best in recording number of spore $100g^{-1}$ rhizosphere soil and root colonization, number and dry weight of nodule, dry weights of shoot and root, number of pod $plant^{-1}$, number of seed $pod^{-1}$, seed and stover yields of chickpea. The maximum seed yield of 3.33 g $plant^{-1}$ was obtained by inoculating chickpea plants with Rhizobium and AM in association with P. From the view point of nodulation, growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea, dual inoculation with Rhizobium and AM along with P was considered to be the balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the highest output from cultivation of chickpea in Shallow Red Brown Terrace Soil of Bangladesh.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2010

경남지역 단감 재배 토양의 양분관리를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 창원 7, 마산 1, 진주 6, 사천 3, 김해 5, 밀양 2, 함안 2, 창녕 1, 하동 3, 산청 1 등 31개 지점을 선정하였고 4월부터 10월까지 2개월 단위로 4회 조사하였다. 표토와 심토의 pH 값은 4월에 비해6월 이후 유의적인 증가를 나타냈으며 적정수준인 6.0-6.5 보다 낮았다. 반면, 암모니아태 질소 함량과 질산태 질소 함량은 4월 보다 6월 이후 유의적인 감소를 나타냈다. 표토와 심토의 pH는 적정수준인 6.0-6.5 보다 부족한 비율이 각각 69.4%와 84.7%로 매우 높게 나타나 경남지역 단감 재배 토양의 pH 교정을 위해 토양개량제 공급이 시급한 것으로 판단되었다. 토양 유기물 함량도 적정수준인 25-35 g $kg^{-1}$ 분포비율은 표토 13.7%, 심토 4.0%로 매우 낮았으며 부족한 비율이 각각 63.7% 및 84.7%로 매우 높아 적절한 유기물 공급이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 유효인산 함량은 적정수준인 200-300 mg $kg^{-1}$보다 초과된 비율은 표토 70.2%, 심토 46.8% 였으며 토양 유기물 함량 (r=0.339, $p{\leq}0.001$)과 고도의 유의적인 정의상관을 보여 가축분 퇴비 과다 시용에 대한 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2010

Contamination of groundwater from point and non-point sources is one of major problems of water resource manangement in Jeju island. This study characterized groundwater and soil contamination in Hallim area which is one of the areas of significantly contaminated soil and groundwater in Jeju Island. The amount of loaded contaminant (ALC) of Jeju area was estimated as 13,212 ton N/yr and 3,210 ton P/yr, The ALC of Hallim area was amounted to 2,895 ton N/yr and 1,102 ton P/yr, which accounted for 21.9% and 34.3% of the Jeju's ALC, respectively. The soil pH values (5.6-5.9) were not much different in land use areas. By contrat, average cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 14.1 $cmol^+/kg$ was high comparing to the nationwide range of 7.7-10.9 $cmol^+/kg$. Further, Sodium adsorption ratios (SARs) of horse ranch, pasture, and cultivating land for livestock were as high as 0.19, 0.17, and 0.16 respectively, comparing to the other landuse areas. Nitrate nitrogen at 22.2% of total groundwater wells exceeded 10 mg/L (the criteria of nitrate nitrogen for drinking water), averaginged 6.62 mg/L with maximum 28.95 mg/L. Groundwater types belonged to Mg-$HCO_3$, Na-$HCO_3$, Ca-$HCO_3$, and Na-Cl, among which Mg-$HCO_3$ type occupied more than 70% of the total samples, indicating the presence of anthropogenic sources. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen was negatively related to altitude and well depth, and positively related to the concentration of Ca, Mg, and $SO_4$ which might originate from chemical fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen isotopes was estimated as an average of 8.10$^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$, and the maximum value of 17.9$^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. According to the nitrogen isotope ratio, the most important nitrogen source was assessed as chemical fertilizer (52.6%) followed by sewage (26.3%) and livestock manures (21.1%).

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.123-123
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• 2022

In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application levels on yield and protein content of rice varieties, a field experiment was conducted at National Institute of Crop Science of Korea in 2020. Five levels(0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 kg·10a^-1) of nitrogen fertilizer were treated to six Korean rice varieties. The nitrogen uptake amount, soil nitrogen content before and after rice cultivation, milled rice yield, and protein content in head rice were analyzed. As the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer increased, the nitrogen uptake amount of plants increased significantly. However, changes in nitrogen content in the soil before and after rice cultivation were different for each cultivar. The amount of nitrogen change in the soil decreased as the amount of nitrogen application increased in the three cultivars of Haepum, Gopum, and Odae, and the other three cultivars showed the opposite trend. As a result of correlation analysis of nitrogen application amount, nitrogen uptake amount, milled rice yield, and protein content of head rice, the five varieties except for Haepum showed a high correlation between these factors. The amount of nitrogen application and nitrogen uptake of plant showed a positive correlation about the milled rice yield and protein content of head rice. In particular, the protein content in head rice appeared to be more affected by nitrogen uptake amount than nitrogen application amount. As a result of this study, the yield and protein content of rice had positive correlations with the level of nitrogen fertilizer, and had a high correlation with the nitrogen absorption of plants.