• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to evaluate the future potential climate and vegetation canopy change impact on a dam watershed hydrology. A $6,661.5\;km^2$ dam watershed, the part of Han-river basin which has the watershed outlet at Chungju dam was selected. The SWAT model was calibrated and verified using 9 year and another 7 year daily dam inflow data. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency ranged from 0.43 to 0.91. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) Coupled Global Climate Model3 (CGCM3) data based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) SRES (Special Report Emission Scenarios) B1 scenario was adopted for future climate condition and the data were downscaled by artificial neural network method. The future vegetation canopy condition was predicted by using nonlinear regression between monthly LAI (Leaf Area Index) of each land cover from MODIS satellite image and monthly mean temperature was accomplished. The future watershed mean temperatures of 2100 increased by $2.0^{\circ}C$, and the precipitation increased by 20.4 % based on 2001 data. The vegetation canopy prediction results showed that the 2100 year LAI of deciduous, evergreen and mixed on April increased 57.1 %, 15.5 %, and 62.5% respectively. The 2100 evapotranspiration, dam inflow, soil moisture content and groundwater recharge increased 10.2 %, 38.1 %, 16.6 %, and 118.9 % respectively. The consideration of future vegetation canopy affected up to 3.0%, 1.3%, 4.2%, and 3.6% respectively for each component.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.66-66
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• 2020

최근 기후변화로 인한 전 세계적인 기온상승이 야기되고 있으며, 농업에 직접적인 영향을 주는 기상학적 및 수문학적 변화가 급격하게 진행되고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 최근 7년 동안 지역별로 극심한 가뭄이 매년 발생하고 있고, 가뭄의 발생 빈도와 강도가 증가하는 추세이다. 특히 밭의 경우 농업용 저수지 등 수리시설물로부터 관개용수를 공급받는 논 작물과 달리 자연 강우를 통해 필요한 용수량을 공급받는 천수답이 대부분이고 관개시설이 부족하기 때문에, 기후변화에 의한 가뭄의 취약성이 높다. 밭작물은 작물의 생육 시기와 기후 환경, 수자원 환경에 민감하고 토양수분을 흡수함으로써 생육하기 때문에 이러한 밭작물의 소비수량 및 관개용수량은 증발산량 뿐만 아니라 토양내 수분의 이동을 고려하여 수분 부족량을 산정해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 미래 기후변화에 의한 밭가뭄 평가를 위하여 밭 작물별 소비수량 및 관개용수량을 추정하기 위한 밭 토양수분 물수지 모형 (Soil Moisture Model)을 구성하였다. 또한 대표농도경로 (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP) 시나리오 기반의 제5차 결합기후모델상호비교사업 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, CMIP5)에서 제공하는 RCP 시나리오를 기반으로 한 전지구 기후모델 (General Circulation Model, GCM)의 기후예측결과를 적용함으로써 미래 밭 가뭄 평가를 수행하였다. 과거 기상자료 및 미래 대표농도경로 시나리오와 작물 기초자료를 수집하여 과거 및 미래 작물증발산량을 산정하였으며, 토양수분 물수지 모형에 적용하여 밭작물의 토양수분 변화를 모의하고 기후변화에 따른 작물별/생육시기별 소비수량 및 관개용수량을 추정하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.146-146
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• 2022

A flash flood is one of the most hazardous natural events caused by heavy rainfall in a short period of time in mountainous areas with steep slopes. Early warning of flash flood is vital to minimize damage, but challenges remain in the enhancing accuracy and reliability of flash flood forecasts. The forecasters can easily determine whether flash flood is occurred using the flash flood guidance (FFG) comparing to rainfall volume of the same duration. In terms of this, the hydrological model that can consider the basin characteristics in real time can increase the accuracy of flash flood forecasting. Also, the predicted radar rainfall has a strength for short-lead time can be useful for flash flood forecasting. Therefore, using both hydrological models and radar rainfall forecasts can improve the accuracy of flash flood forecasts. In this study, FFG was applied to simulate some flash flood events in the Taehwa river basin by using of SURR model to consider soil moisture, and applied to the flash flood forecasting using predicted radar rainfall. The hydrometeorological data are gathered from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, radar rainfall is forecasted up to 6-hours has been used to forecast flash flood during heavy rain in August 2021, Wulsan area. The accuracy of the predicted rainfall is evaluated and the correlation between observed and predicted rainfall is analyzed for quantitative evaluation. The results show that with a short lead time (1-3hr) the result of forecast flash flood events was very close to collected information, but with a larger lead time big difference was observed. The results obtained from this study are expected to use for set up the emergency planning to prevent the damage of flash flood.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2010

Generally, ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have a higher performance than conventional air-source systems. However, the major fault of GSHP systems is their expensive boring costs. Therefore, it is important issue that to reduce initial cost and ensure stability of system through accurate prediction of the heat extraction and injection rates of the ground heat exchanger. Conventional analysis methods employed by line source theory are used to predict heat transfer rate between ground heat exchanger and soil. Shape of ground heat exchanger was simplified by equivalent diameter model, but these methods do not accurately reflect the heat transfer characteristics according to the heat exchanger geometry. In this study, a numerical model that combines a user subroutine module that calculates circulation water conditions in the ground heat exchanger and FEFLOW program which can simulate heat/moisture transfer in the soil, is developed. Heat transfer performance was evaluated for 3 different types ground heat exchanger(U-tube, Double U-tube, Coaxial).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.536-543
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• 2016

접지 시스템은 전력설비의 안전적 운영을 위해 필수적이며, 주요 고려대상인 대지저항률은 토양 종류, 수분, 온도에 따라 변하기 때문에 접지 시스템 설계에서 가장 중요하다. 제주의 지질구조는 화산지역의 특성상 다층구조를 형성하고 있어 지질구조에 따른 접지 저항값은 동일한 접지시스템 구축 지역이라도 지층구조에 따라 접지저항값이 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제주의 대표적인 3종류의 토양에 접지를 설치하였을 때 접지저항 특성 변화를 분석하기 위해 3층 구조의 토양목업 시스템을 구성하였다. 구성된 토양 목업 시스템에서 웨너법을 사용하여 대지저항률을 측정하였으며, 대지모델을 수치적으로 분석할 수 있는 역산방법으로 Gauss-Newton 알고리즘을 사용하여 대지모델을 생성하였다. 기존 접지분야에서 사용되는 1차원 대지분석이 아닌 2차원 역산방법을 적용한 결과 실제 토양 목업에 구성한 3종류 층상 구조와 같은 3층 대지구조로 나타낼 수 있었다. 또한 일반적으로 접지에 사용되는 동봉, 동관, 탄소봉을 사용하여 접지의 변화특성을 분석한 결과 수분공급 상태에 따른 접지저항 변화폭은 동봉은 $2.9[{\Omega}]$, 동관은 $16.5[{\Omega}]$, 탄소봉의 경우 $20.1[{\Omega}]$으로 나타났으며, 수분의 영향으로 .탄소봉의 접지저항이 $141[{\Omega}]$으로 가장 낮게 나타남을 확인 하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2001

To produce expanded, minimally hard extrudates from blends of raw pork meat (20%), defatted soy flour (25%), and corn starch using a single-screw extruder, various combinations of feed moisture, process temperature, and screw speed were evaluated. First series of extrusion runs were conducted according to a central composite rotatable design/response surface methodology (RSM). Upon assessing the full model for each response, insignificant terms were eliminated to determine final response surface models. Screw speed within the range evaluated was found to have no significant effect on expansion ratio (ER) or shear force (SF) of extrudates. Since examinations of the response surfaces and their generated grids of predicted values indicated that maximum ER and minimum SF were likely to be attained with a moisture-temperature combination outside the RSM experimental range, the second series of extrusion runs were conducted with several selected combinations of moisture and temperature to determine a practical optimum extrusion condition. The combination of 22.78% feed moisture, 16$0^{\circ}C$ process temperature, and 170 rpm screw speed was chosen as such a condition, and used in the final extrusion. The final product required less force to break than did commercial pretzel sticks.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2022

Classification and analysis are improved factors for the realtime automation system. In the field of agriculture, the cultivation of different paddy crop depends on the atmosphere and the soil nature. We need to analyze the moisture level in the area to predict the type of paddy that can be cultivated. For this process, Ensemble Modulation Pattern system and Block Probability Neural Network based classification models are used to analyze the moisture and temperature of land area. The dataset consists of the collections of moisture and temperature at various data samples for a land. The Ensemble Modulation Pattern based feature analysis method, the extract of the moisture and temperature in various day patterns are analyzed and framed as the pattern for given dataset. Then from that, an improved neural network architecture based on the block probability analysis are used to classify the data pattern to predict the class of paddy crop according to the features of dataset. From that classification result, the measurement of data represents the type of paddy according to the weather condition and other features. This type of classification model assists where to plant the crop and also prevents the damage to crop due to the excess of water or excess of temperature. The result analysis presents the comparison result of proposed work with the other state-of-art methods of data classification.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.404-415
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• 2010

In this paper, using the TDR sensors, variation of soil water content changes were measured as TDR data. Then filtering technique was determined using Fourier transform. Determine the moisture content of soil and ground water level and tried to determine unsaturated zone. First, variation of water content changes were measured TDR data by indoor experiment. Then as a function of TDR data made for water content of soil. Next, through Acrylic indoor laboratory model experiments, changes in ground water levels and lateral penetration of the field conditions were reproduced in an indoor. Field applicability of the TDR sensor was demonstrated by analysis of this. TDR sensor was installed in the embankment, TDR data were measured by TDR sensor.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.245-248
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• 2002

The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) developed a unique procedure for estimating direct runoff from storm rainfall. But, It is very difficult to estimate accurately flood hydrograph by SCS method, because the initial ion of Ia(0.2Sa) itself has lots of systematic errors and there is no investigation on Ia in the Korean watershed. The maximum storage capacity of Umax is calibrated in the DAWAST model and is related to the present ability of rainfall to be infiltrated into the unsaturated soil. Effective rainfall for design and real-time flood hydrograph can be estimate more reasonably by introducing new Ia relationship made from the rainfall-runoff data observed in the Korean watersheds.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2009

본 연구는 지하수위의 시간적인 변화가 지표수 유출, 증발산, 토양 수분 등 다른 수문성분에 미치는 개별적 영향을 평가한 것이다. 이를 위하여 기 개발된 완전연동형 지표수-지하수 통합모형인 SWAT-MODFLOW 모형에서 토양층의 수분과 얕은 대수층의 지하수의 결합과정을 새롭게 개선하여 토양수분과 지하수간의 보다 현실적인 상호작용이 가능하도록 가변 토양층 구조 기법(The variable soil layer construction technique, VSLT)을 개발, SWAT-MODFLOW에 탑재시켰다. 이 기법에서는 모의된 지하수위가 토양 영역내로 상승하면, 토양층 아래의 지하수위를 얕은 대수층의 일부로 간주함으로써 해당하는 토양층들이 초기에 정의된 토양 영역에서 배제되어 MODFLOW모형의 지배를 받게 된다. 무심천 유역에 대한 시험 적용을 통해 본 연구에서 VSLT를 고려하여 개선한 SWAT-MODFLOW 모형은 토양층내 지하수위의 변동 영향을 보다 현실적으로 고려할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 지하수위 변동에 따른 지표면 유출, 토양수분, 증발산 등 수문성분의 공간분포에 미치는 영향의 정량적 평가에도 활용이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.