• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.807-812
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• 2016

Soil amendment, especially addition of clay minerals, has been widely conducted to improve the physical and chemical properties of cultivated soils. However, there are no systematic studies on the effects of the structural type of clay minerals added. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of structural type of clay minerals on physical properties of soils. Two experimental soils, layer-dominant and granule-dominant ones, were mixed with either a layer-type smectite or a granule-type zeolite at a level of 2.0 wt%. It was observed that water permeability of soils was decreased by smectite whereas not significantly changed by zeolite. This effect was much greater in layered clay-dominant soil than in granular clay-dominant soil. Our results clearly indicated that the relationship of structural type between a soil and an amendment plays a decisive role in the soil properties. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the structural types of both soil and amendment be taken into consideration for soil amendment by clay minerals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the trace elemental nutritive values of soil and forages collected from southwestern part of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Soil and forage samples were collected fortnightly for two seasons. The concentrations of some trace minerals varied greatly among seasons and sampling periods. Seasonal effects were found in all soil micro-minerals except zinc, while forage iron, zinc, and selenium were affected by seasonal changes. Sampling periods effects were observed in all soil minerals and in forage copper, iron, zinc, and manganese only. All soil mineral levels except cobalt and selenium were sufficiently high to meet the requirements of plants for normal growth during both seasons. In contrast, soil Co and Se levels were severely deficient during both seasons and considered inadequate for plant growth. Soil Fe, Zn, Co, and Se levels were higher, and Cu and Mn lower during winter than those during summer. Forage Zn levels during summer were at marginal deficient levels, and in contrast, all other forage micro-minerals were within the required range for ruminants during both seasons. Although forage mico-minerals were within the range required by the ruminants, they were not sufficiently high to prevent the predisposition to various diseases caused by nutrient deficiency. Consequently, grazing animals at this location need continued mineral supplementation of these elements with a mixtures of high bio-availability rather than of high micro-mineral contents to support optimum ruminant productivity.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 포집광물을 심층혼합처리용 Soil-cement로 활용하기 위하여 최적 Soil-cement의 배합비를 도출하였으며, 이산화탄소 포집광물이 혼합된 Soil-cement의 품질특성을 평가하였다. 이산화탄소 포집광물은 슬러리 형태로 발생되며, 함수량 평가결과, 약 50%로 나타났다. 따라서, Soil-cement의 배합시 단위수량에서 이산화탄소 포집광물의 함수량을 제외하였다. 이산화탄소 포집광물 활용 Soil-cement를 현장토에 대하여 현장배합을 실시한 결과 재령 28일 기준 3.0MPa 이상을 나타냄으로써 설계 허용지지력 기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 이산화탄소 포집광물의 유해성 검증을 실시한 결과 구리(Cu)의 경우 0.055mg/L 검출되었지만 허용기준치에 만족하였으며, 이 외의 유해 물질은 용출되지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Cesium (Cs) generated by nuclear accidents is one of the most hazardous radionuclides because of its gamma radiation and long half-life. Especially, when Cs is exposed on the soil environments, Cs is mainly adsorbed on the topsoil and is strongly combined with tiny soil particle including clay minerals. The adsorption of Cs onto soil can vary depending on various physicochemical properties of soil. In this study, the adsorption characteristics between soil and Cs were investigated according to various physicochemical properties of soil including organic matter contents, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil particle size, and the types of clay minerals. Soil organic matter inhibited the adsorption of Cs onto the soil because organic matter was blocking the soil surface. In addition, it was estimated that the CEC of the soil influenced the adsorption of Cs onto the soil. Moreover, more Cs was adsorbed as the soil particles size decreased. It was estimated that Cs was mostly adsorbed onto the topsoil, this is related to the clay mineral. Therefore, soil organic matter, CEC, soil particle size, and clay minerals are considered the key factors that can influence the adsorption characteristics between soil and Cs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.168-178
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• 1994

김해평야(金海平野)에 분포(分布)하는 특이산성토(特異酸性土)는 하해혼성충적층(河海混成沖積層)에서 발달(發達)되어 있으며 풍화환경(風化環境) 조건(條件)이 일반 토양(土壤)과 상이(相異)하다. 특히 이들 토양점토(土壤粘土) 광물(鑛物)은 강산성(强酸性) 조건(條件)에서 규산염광물(珪酸鹽鑛物)의 풍화속도(風化速度)를 촉진(促進)시키며, 건조(乾燥)와 습윤(濕潤)의 반부(反復)은 유황함유광물(硫黃含有鑛物)의 산화환원(酸化還元)으로 인한 토양(土壤)의 pH 변화(變化) 폭(幅)을 증가(增加)시키므로 광물(鑛物)의 풍화(風化)를 더욱 가속화(加速化)시킨다. 본(本) 보(報)에서는 이와같은 환경(環境) 조건(條件)에서 생성(生成)된 김해통(金海統), 봉림통(鳳林統), 해탁통(海拓統), 등구통(登龜統)에 대한 토양점토광물(土壤粘土鑛物)의 동정(同定) 및 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하므로써 생성과정(生成過程)을 구명(究明)코자 하였다. 점토(粘土)의 규반비(珪礬比)는 3.14~3.77 범위로 토양통간(土壤統間)에 뚜렷한 차이(差異)는 없었으며 illite나 vermiculite 등의 2 : 1 격자형(格子型) 점토광물(粘土鑛物)과 1 : 1 격자형(格子型) 점토광물(粘土鑛物)이 혼재(混在)하기 때문에 규반비(珪礬比)가 높았다. 점토(粘土)의 CEC는 22.1~29.2cmol/kg 범위(範圍)로 낮은 편이며, 이는 1 : 1 격자형(格子型) 점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 함량(含量)이 높고 강산성(强酸性) 조건(條件)에서 생성(生成)될 수 있는 2 : 1 격자형(格子型) 점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 층간(層間)에 CEC가 낮은 Al 및 Fe의 수산화물(水酸化物)의 침입(侵入) 정도(程度)가 크기 때문이다. Jaorosite[$KFe_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6$]는 B층(層) 혹은 C층(層)에 함유(含有)되어 있으며 X-선(線) 회절(回折) Peak 및 $Fe_2O_3$와 $K_2O$ 함량(含量)으로 보아 김해통(金海統)에서 가장 많이 혼재(混在)하고 있을 것으로 판단(判斷)된다. X-선(線) 회절분석(回折分析), DTA 분석(分析), TG 분석(分析) 결과(結果) 토양(土壤) 중 점토광물(粘土鑛物)은 kaolin광물(鑛物), vermiculite, illite 및 수산화물(水酸化物)이 층간(層間)에 침입(侵入)된 vermiculite(hydroxy interlayered vermiculite : HIV)가 주광물(主鑛物)이었으며, 특히 강산성(强酸性) 조건하(條件下)에서는 vermiculite로부터 HIV가 많이 생성(生成)되었다. 부산물(副産物)로는 토양(土壤)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있었으나 석영(石英) 및 장석(長石)과 Jarosite, pyrite, hematite 및 goethite 등(等)의 함철광물(含鐵鑛物)이 소량(少量) 존재(存在)하였다. 점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 층위별(層位別) 분포(分布)를 보면 전반적으로 kaolin 광물(鑛物)은 표층(表層)에서 많았고, 심층(心層)으로 갈수록 줄어드는 경향이었다. vermiculite와 illite의 함량(含量)은 층위간(層位間)에 뚜렷한 차이(差異)는 없으나, 김해통(金海統)과 해척통(海拓統)에서 수산화물(水酸化物)이 층간(層間)에 침입(侵入)된 vermiculite(HIV) 함량(含量)이 표층(表層)에 비하며 심층(心層)으로 갈수록 증가(增加)하는 경향이었다. 이러한 경향은 각해통(各海統)과 해척통(海拓統)에서 토양(土壤)의 pH가 심층(心層)에서 매우 낮아 2 : 1 격자형(格子型) 광물(鑛物)의 안정도(安定度)가 떨어져 Al 및 Fe의 수산화물(水酸化物)이 층간(層間)에 침입(侵入)된 vermiculite가 많이 생성(生成)된 결과(結果)로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2020

Objective: Minerals are one of the important nutrients for supporting the growth of sheep grazing in the highland, northwest of China. The experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship of both macro and micro minerals in sheep grazing in the highlands of six districts located in the Qilian Mountain of China. Methods: Samples of herbage (n = 240) and soil (n = 240) were collected at random in a "W" shape across the area designated for harvesting from 24 farms, where the sheep commonly graze in October (winter) for mineral analyses. In addition, serum samples were taken via jugular vein from 20 sheep per farm from 24 farms (n = 480 samples in total) for serum minerals analyses. Mean values of macro and micro minerals were statistically compared among districts and the correlations among soil-plant-animal were statistically analyzed and correlations were regressed, as well. Results: The results revealed that there were variations for both macro and micro minerals among districts. Statistical analysis of the correlation coefficients between herbage and sheep were significantly different for most of the minerals but not for P, Cu, and Se. Many correlation regression coefficients were found significantly different among minerals of herbage, soil, and sheep serum especially those of K, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn (between herbage and sheep serum), and Fe and Mn (between herbage and soil), Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn (between soil and sheep serum), respectively. The regression coefficient equations derived under this experiment for prediction of Ca (R² = 0.618), K (R² = 0.803), Mg (R² = 0.767), Na (R² = 0.670), Fe (R² = 0.865),Zn (R² = 0.950), Mn (R² = 0.936), and Se (R² = 0.630), resulted in significant R² values. Conclusion: It is inferred that the winter herbage minerals in all the districts were below the recommended levels for macro minerals which indicated there would be some mineral deficiencies in sheep grazing the herbage in these regions. Supplemental minerals may therefore play an important role in balancing the minerals available from the herbage in winter and would lead to increased productivity in sheep on the highland areas of China. These findings could be potentially applied to the other regions for improving the livestock productivity.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

This study deals with the distribution of the clay minerals separated from clay fractions of ranch pastures in Korea and their chemical and mineralogical properties. Crystalline phases of the clay minerals were identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and FT-IR spectra, and their relative chemical compositions were also analyzed by X-ray flourescence spectrometry (XRF). Primary minerals consisted mainly of quartz and mica and chlorite and kaolinite along with a trace of swelling micas were identified as secondary clay minerals. However, the relative content of these clay minerals was different with the locations, which led to significant effects on physical and chemical properties of soils like inorganic elemental composition. In particular, $SiO_2$ content was higher in Gochang ranch pasture than in other ranch pasture. Infrared (IR) spectra did not indicate any significant differences in organic functional groups among the locations. This study clearly showed that ranch pastures had different relative content of clay minerals and chemical properties depending on the location and consequently that those properties are worthy to be taken into account for soil amendment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1985

현무암(玄武巖)을 모재(母材)로한 Aquic Hapludalf 파주통(坡州統) 토양점토(土壤粘土)의 점토광물(粘土鑛物) 동정(同定), 화학분석(化學分析)에 의한 $SiO_2/A{\ell}_2O_3$ 몰비(比)로서 2:1점토광물(粘土鑛物)과 1:1점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 구별(區別), 전가리함량(全加里含量)에 의한 비팽창성(非膨脹性) Illite의 확인(確認), 끝으로 검출(檢出) 확인(確認)된 주요(主要) 점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 함량(含量)을 정량(定量)했다. X선회절(線回折) 분석(分析) 결과(結果) 팽창성(膨脹性) 2:1 점토광물(粘土鑛物)(Montmorillonite와 Vermiculite), 운모(雲母)와 Micaceous광물(鑛物)(Illite), Kaolinite, Gibbsite가 검출(檢出)되었다. 이 토양점토(土壤粘土)의 $SiO_2/A{\ell}_2O_3$, 몰비(比)는 2.33~2.61이다. 이 값으로부터 Illite가 함유(含有)되어 있는것 같다. 팽창성(膨脹性) 2:1 점토광물(粘土鑛物), 운모(雲母)와 Micaceous광물(鑛物), Kaolinite의 평균함량(平均含量)은 각각 42%, 28%, 30%이다. 파주통(坡州統) 토양(土壤)의 B층(層)에서의 Argillic 층(層)의 존재(存在)와 Kaolinite, Gibbsite의 검출(檢出)은 이 토양(土壤)의 풍화(風化)가 현재(現在) 상당(相當)히 진전(進展)되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 검출(檢出)된 점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 생성이론(生成理論)과 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)해 본 결과(結果) 타당성(妥當性)이 있다고 본다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.803-813
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• 2017

This study discussed the possible optimization of enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation (EMCP) as a soil-improvement technique. Magnesium chloride was added to the injection solution to delay the reaction rate and to improve the homogenous distribution of precipitated minerals within soil sample. Soil specimens were prepared in 1-m PVC cylinders and treated with the obtained solutions composed of urease, urea, calcium, and magnesium chloride, and the mineral distribution within the sand specimens was examined. The effects of the precipitated minerals on the mechanical and hydraulic properties were evaluated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and permeability tests, respectively. The addition of magnesium was found to be effective in delaying the reaction rate by more than one hour. The uniform distribution of the precipitated minerals within a 1-m sand column was obtained when 0.1 mol/L and 0.4 mol/L of magnesium and calcium, respectively, were injected. The strength increased gradually as the mineral content was further increased. The permeability test results showed that the hydraulic conductivity was approximately constant in the presence of a 6% mineral mass. Thus, it was revealed that it is possible to control the strength of treated sand by adjusting the amount of precipitated minerals.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1979

A review was made on the effect of organic matter application on the chemical characteristics of soils such as pH, solubilities of minerals, and cation exchange capacity mainly at flooded rice soils. The review can be summarized as follows: 1. Application of organic material such as rice straw and compost in flooded rice soil leads to a temporary lowering of soil pH at the earlier stage of soil reduction, due to the production of various organic acids and carbonic acid. This temporary lowered pH is replaced with the production of alkaline substances such as ammonia as the reduction of soil proceeds. 2. Incorporation of organic materials intensifies the ferrous iron, dissolving various minerals, virtually to the increase in electrical conductivity of soils. 3. Organic materials also play an important role in dissolving soil minerals through the production of various chelating agents. 4. Application of soil organic matter significantly increases cation exchange capacity of soils. 5. Continuous application of rice straw or compost leads to the increase in soil organic matter content to some extent, up to the level of equilibrium. In soils low in organic matter the equilibrium level is attained with five years continuous application of compost. 6. The manner of chemical fertilizer application influences the accumulation of organic matter applied in soils. Low levels of fertilization lowers the accumulation while high levels of fertilization accerelates the accumulation.