• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2002

Many methods have been developed for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Among those technologies, in-situ bioremediation is most likely to be cost-effective method for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. But the in-situ bioremediation can require more time to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and groundwater than other methods. Therefore we intended to save time of in-situ bioremediation using a biological additive to activate indigenous microbes in soil. The additive, 'Inipol EAP 22' stimulates the growth of specific flora, significantly accelerating the speed at which hydrocarbons are biodegraded. And it hans been tested in accordance with protocol approved by the USEPA and is registered on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule List. In the experiment, three soil samples contaminated with fuel oil were prepared in the same concentration. Inipol EAP 22 was not added to one sample and was added to the other two samples with 5% and 10% of hydrocarbon by weight respectively. And $CO_2$gas derived from bacterial respiration was analyzed in each samples for 15 days. As a result, 145% and 153% of $CO_2$ evolution (microbial respiration) against the sample without 'Inipol EAP 22' occurred in samples with 'Inipol EAP 22' addition of 5% and 10%, respectively

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 1984

To isolate antibiotic-producing microorganisms from Korean soils, microbes were isolated from the soil samples and screened for antibacterial activity. A strain which was isolated from the soil sample collected in Choong Chung Book Do had a high antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The examination of morphological and physiological characteristics of that strain according to the International Streptomyces Project methods showed that it was one of Streptomyces species. After the antibacterial constituent of the strain was produced in submerged culture method, it was isolated and purified by XAD-2 and CM-Sephadex column chromatography. And it was found to be one of quinone type antibiotics.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

In order to deal with the problem that phytoremediation takes long time in achieving the practical effect, the enhanced phytoremediation by Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was conducted. In addition, we examined the synergistic effect by adding PSM (phosphate -solubilizing microbes) and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to the arsenic contaminated soil in the vicinity of the abandoned mine. The removal efficiency of arsenic in the site with PSM application increased about 16% when compared to control site, which was due to increase of plant biomass. The EDTA has been successfully utilized in respect of enhanced mobility and solubility of arsenic in the soil. As a result, BF (bioaccumulation factor) significantly increased but the inhibition of plant growth resulted in 20% reduction of arsenic removal efficiency. The application of PSM and EDTA may enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation. However, the time and method of EDTA application should be further examined to reach the maximum removal efficiency.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2004

A solid of Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation(TAO) System was mixed with sawdust or a rice husks. After fermentation was finished, molding machine and a dryer were used, and pellet fertilizer was produced. The fertilizing experiment was carried out as five pieces by Bed soil, TAO solid(TAO-S), TAO pellet fertilizer(TAO-PF), Chemical fertilizer(NPK) and Control(no fertilizer). Growth rate of the Chinese cabbage by each treatment was examined. Analysis of microbe and soil characteristic before and after crop experiment were carried out. When the moisture contents of TAO-PF were $18\%$ and $25\%$, the occurrence rate of microbes for the storage time was increased to $80\%$ and $100\%$ respectively. However, in the $12\%$ of water content treatment was not increased microbes. The concentration of soil bacteria in TAO-PF and TAO-S for 15 day after treatment was $1.5\times10^7\~8.0\times10^7$ CFU/ml, and the concentration of bacteria for 50 day was increased to $6.3\times10^7$ and $8.3\times10^7$ CFU/ml. However, Fungus decreased. The concentration of Actinomycetes was increased in TAO solid, Bed soil and TAO-PF treatment. The TAO-S and TAO-PF treatment were normal to compare to the NPK treatment. In this experiment the height and width of the Chinese cabbage were 22.3 cm, 16.8 cm in Bed soil and 28.8 cm, 21.3 cm in TAO solid. The leaf number of TAO-S, TAO-PF and NPK treatment were similar to 39.8, 38.3, 40.3 sheet. As the result, the TAO-PF knew that use was possible with fertilizer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2022

In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121℃) significantly promoted growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80℃ worked better than 50℃ and 121℃ (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80℃ changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 100%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community was preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon's diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121℃, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80℃ and 121℃ heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recovered to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added heat-tolerant microbes (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provides novel insight into sustainable agriculture in a consecutively cultivated system.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2010

Forest soils are often nitrogen-limited, and nitrogen input to forest soils can cause substantial changes in the structure and functions of a soil ecosystem. To determine the effects of nitrogen input on methane oxidation and the microbial enzyme activities, manipulation experiments were conducted using nitrogen addition to soil samples from Mt. Jumbong. Our findings suggested that the addition of nitrogen to the soil system of Mt. Jumbong did not affect the microbial enzyme activities. Conversely, the addition of nitrogen affected the rate of methane oxidation. Inorganic nitrogen in soils can inhibit methane oxidation via several mechanisms, such as substrate competition, toxic effects, and competition with other microbes, but the inhibitory effects are not always the same. In this research, seasonal changes were found to produce different inhibitory factors, and these different responses may be caused from differences in the methantrophic bacteria community structure.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 1994

After two highly weathered soils were treated with glucose, ammonium nitrate, monobasic potassium phosphate and biocides, and incubated for 4 or 6 weeks, adsorption tests were carried out to determine their effect on P adsorption. Glucose addition generally decreased P adsorption. The addition stimulated microbial activity, which might contribure to the reduced adsorption, probably through chelation and anion competition. Consistent endency was not observed with N treatment. Addition of P initially decreased P adsorption, probably through blockage of adsorption sites. Biocides generally decreased adsorption, probably because the microbes that 몬 been killed. Soil 1 with naturally lower levels of C and higher levels of aluminium adsorbed more P than soil 2. These results suggest that in highly weathered soils, which are low in available P and high in exchangeable Al, cultivation techniques which increase soil organic matter will also result in higher levels of plant-available P.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This study presents a technical perspective to the fate characteristics of phenol and m-cresol, which represent some of the most common organic chemicals found in chemical spill accidents, and likely to persist in soil and groundwater due to their highly stable physicochemical properties. Some cases of domestic and foreign chemical accidents linked to phenol and m-cresol contamination were compiled. Due to their low organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (Koc), phenol and m-cresol tend to migrate into groundwater and remained as dissolved phase. On the other hands, phenol and m-cresol can be readily decomposed by microbes in soil and groundwater under appropriate conditions. Therefore, the fate characteristics of these chemicals are highly contingent on environmental conditions. Thus, if a great quantity of leakage is occurred by chemical accidents, the up-to-date and correct information about fate characteristics taking into account both the chemical and environmental conditions is greatly needed to minimized the potential hazards from these chemicals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2003

The effect of phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) on plant P uptake and growth in rock phosphate applied soil was tested under a greenhouse condition. Tobacco plants were grown in nonsterilized soil inoculated with Penicillium oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa with or without rock phosphate application as P fertilizer. Phosphorus concentration in tobacco plants was increased by the application of rock phosphate, while inoculation of soil with fungi further significantly increased P concentration in tobacco plants compared with the noninoculated treatments. Phosphorus uptake by tobacco plants was also increased by the application of rock phosphate and PSM inoculation, and the significant comparison has been made with single rock phosphate treatment. Growth of tobacco plant was also significantly increased in the treatments receiving rock phosphate, while the combined application of rock phosphate and PSM further increased plant growth. It was concluded that the positive effect of PSM inoculation on plant growth was closely related in plant P content and uptake. These results suggest that Penicillium oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa could solubilize insoluble soil phosphates and rock phosphate which can promote growth and P uptake of tobacco plants.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

Mineral nutrients and population dynamics of soil microbes in the root zones of zoysiagrass infected by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 and that of healthy plants were sampled from ten golf courses using a cup cutter(diameter $10\;cm\;{\times}\;8\;cm$ deep). Analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed significant differences in content of $NO_3$-N(P = 0.05), $NH_4$-N(P = 0.1), and K(P = 0.1) between infected and healthy samples. The content of $NO_3$-N in the soils of large patch was 9.49 mg/kg and that in soil of healthγ plants was 7.02 mg/kg. However, the content of $NH_4$-N in the soil of large patch was 12.02 mg/kg whereas 14.40 mg/kg for the soil under the healthy plants. The content of K in the soil of large patch was lower than that of soil of healthy plants. There was few numbers of Pseudomonas colonies In the soils of large patch compared to that of healthy plants. These results indicated that the content of $NO_3$-N, NH4-N, and K and the microbial population dynamics in root zones correlated to occurrence of large patch.