• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 1997

This study was designed to obtain the mean values of thirteen soil physico-chemical properties for different paddy soil management groups, and to serve the basic information for improving the soil using amendments. Computerized data on the results of detailed soil survey were used in this study. The clay contents in the B horizon of paddy soil management groups were 28.3% in the well adapted type, 11.8% in the sandy textured type, and 26.8% in the newly reclaimed type. Soil pH of B horizon in the paddy soil management groups except poorly drained type and acid sulfate type were higher than those of A horizon. In the river side paddy soils of well adapted type, the clay contents of A and B horizons were 16.8%, 23.1%, respectively, and soil organic matter contents of those horizons were 42g/kg, 18g/kg, respectively. And also available phosphate content of well adapted type was higher than the other types. Frequency of distribution of soil organic matter content levels in the B horizons of sandy textured type and newly reclaimed type were higher in the organic matter content range of below 10g/kg. And those of well adapted, poorly drained, and saline type were higher in the organic matter content range of 10~20g/kg. Correlation coefficients between 13 variables in the B horizon of well adapted type were all highly significant at 1% or 5% level, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1997

To grasp the physico-chemical properties on the management groups of upland soil, the data obtained from the detailed soil survey which conducted from 1964 to 1979 by Agricultural sciences Institute, were analyzed and classified. The clay content in A horizon soil was low in sandy textured and well adapted types and high in heavy clayey type, and that in B horizon was lowest in volcanic ash type and highest in heavy clayey type. High organic matter content was found in the volcanic ash and plateau type. The correlations among soil physico-chemical properties were significant. Especially canon exchange capacity of B horizon soil was highly correlated with the content of available water, clay, silt and organic matter positively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.871-879
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• 2022

An increasing global population requires a greater food supply, and accordingly there is demand for enhanced production of rice, as a major crop plant that covers half of the world's population. Rice production in arid area is extremely difficult due to poor soil fertility, salinity, deficit of irrigation water, and weather conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether various fertilization recipes could provide a countermeasure to allow rice production while also providing soil amendment such as soil pH adjustment. The study was conducted at an experimental field of the United Arab-Emirates (UAE) from January to April, 2022. Rice seedlings (cv. Asemi, alkaline-resistant) were transplanted in plastic containers, and different types of water and nutrient managements were employed as follows: water management (flooding and aerobic for NPKs treatment group) and nutrient management (NPKs, slow release fertilizers [SRFs] and SRFs + NPK-1 treatment groups with flooding). Water and nutrient management did not show any effect on soil pH adjustment. Rice growth was significantly enhanced in the flooding compared to the aerobic condition, whereas the effect of nutrient management clearly differed among the treatment groups, with SRFs + NPK-1 showing the best results followed by SRFs and NPKs. Most of the fertilization groups markedly accumulated soluble sugars in the shoots and grains of rice plants, but concomitantly a decrease in the roots. Overall, the level of starch showed a tendency of relatively slight perturbation by fertilization. Taken together, the results indicate that soil physical structure should be preferentially amended to find the key for suitable rice production.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1992

Soil Classification of 70 golf courses in Korea was identified according to the detailed soil map from Rural Development Administration. Golf courses (GL) soils were included 6 great soil groups(by the old system) and 8 great groups (by the new system) and 17 soil series. Most abundant great soil groups by old system were Red yellow soils(50% of GL) and Lithosols (44%) and by new systems, Dystrochrepts(74%), Eutrochrepts(8.6%) and Hapludults(7.1%) were main great soil groups. Major soil series were indentified as Osan(27.1% G.F), Samgag(18.6%), Yesan(11.4%), Songsan(8.6%) and Daegu(7.1%). Characteristics of great soil groups and soil series were summaried or tabled for golf course management.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.413-433
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• 2010

South Dakota is an important agricultural state in the United States with annual cash receipts from agricultural products exceeding $9 billion dollars. This production is possible because of large areas of productive soils. This publication describes the general characteristics and qualities of the major soil groups recognized in South Dakota. The soil forming factors are briefly described, soil classification is introduced, and the genesis of typical Udalf and Ustoll soils are discussed. Soil management issues impacting the use of SD soils are considered. Long-term (>70 yrs) cultivation has significantly reduced surface soil organic carbon levels (>30% reduction) when compared to non-cultivated soil. Soil test phosphorus levels significantly increased in cultivated fields due to commercial P fertilization. The major long-term production problems for SD soils are conservation of soil moisture, organic matter and nitrogen losses, fertility management, and wind and water erosion control.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2010

The investigation was initiated with data from 27 abandoned mines along with 12 locations in Kyongbuk abandoned mines. The analyses for soil pollution by heavy metal pollutants were conducted by using correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The correlation analysis indicated that Ni and pH were highly correlated compared to those of other heavy metal ions. The principal component analyses showed that the heavy metal ions might be classified into two catagories, such as antropogenic and lithogenic components. The cluster analysis was also clearly divided by two groups. The respective two groups might be Pb-Zn-Cd-Cu and As-Hg-Ni.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.886-895
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• 2009

The guideline of selection of Integrated Management Practices (IMPs), such as wood, green roof, lawn, and porous pavement, for Low Impact Development (LID) design was proposed by ranking the reduction rate of surface runoff using LIDMOD1.0. Based on the guideline, LID was designed with several scenarios at two apartment complexes located at Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea, and the effect of LID on surface runoff was evaluated during last 10 years. The effect of runoff reduction of IMP by land use change was highly dependent on the kind of hydrologic soil group. The wood planting is the best IMPs for reduction of surfac runoff for all hydrologic soil groups. Lawn planting is an excellent IMP for hydrologic soil group A, but reduction rate is low where soil doesn't effectively drains precipitation. The green roof shows constant reduction rate of surface runoff because it is not influenced by hydrologic soil group. Compared to the rate of other IMPs, the green roof is less effect the surface runoff reduction for hydrologic soil group A and is more effect for hydrologic soil group C and D followed to planing wood. The porous pavement for the impervious area is IMPs which is last selected for LID design because of the lowest reduction rate for all hydrologic soil group. As a result of LID application at study areas, we could conclude that the first step of the strategy of LID design at apartment complex is precuring pervious land as many area as possible, second step is selecting the kind of plant as more interception and evapotranspiration as possible, last step is replacing impervious land with porous pavement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.86-101
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• 2004

This study was conducted to present the ecological management of Goduk Riverside Restoration Area in Hangang, Seoul by analyzing the change of the vegetation structure. The survey site was classified into three groups. These were the vegetation restoration area, the dry plant area, and the swampy plant area. There were 141 taxa including naturalized plants and 13 species recorded in 2001 and 258 taxa including naturalized plants and 42 species were recorded in 2003 by monitoring. Monitoring results showed that the alien plants such as Humulus japonicus expanded continuously except in the vegetation restoration area. It was found that the growing status of planted shrub plants were poor, and the naturalized plants status was thriving, and the soil environment was bad in the vegetation restoration area. The alien plants such as Humulus japonicus and Aster pilosus dominated continuously in the dry plant area. The swampy native herb plants number was decreased, but the Humulus japonicus community was expanded caused by the soil drying in the swampy plant area. Soil analysis showed that the soil acidity, the available phosphates and the concentration of calcium were highly effected by cultivation. We propose ecological management as follows based on the results of the change of vegetation and soil characteristics. The vegetation restoration area should be managed by visitor's characteristics. Replanting vegetations should be based on soil characteristics. The removal of naturalized plants and established monitoring with plots is also needed. In the dry plant area and the swampy plant area, naturalized plants need to be removed in order to facilitate bio-diversity and monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to propose vegetation management devices through analyzing the actual vegetation, flora, plant community structure and soil chemical concentrations in Weolmi urban nature park, Incheon. The actual vegetation of Weolmi Park in various areas is composed of urbanization area(2 types, 25.9%), landscape planting area(4 types, 16.1%), grass and marsh area(5 types, 7.6%) and mountain forest areal(14 types, 50.4%). The flora is composed of 295 taxa with 80 families, 253 species, 35 varieties and 7 formas, and among them there are 16 naturalized plant families, 39 species, 3 varieties. In reflection of size, the number of the species seems high but most of the them are under influence of human disturbance. Nine survey plots of plant community structure are classified into two groups. One is the semi-natural plant community(Prunus sargentii-Acer palmatum, Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Quercus serrata-Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Prunus sargentii, and Zelkova serrata-Prunus sargentii) that migrated finn the planting forest to the natural forest and the other is planting forest(Pinus koraienssis-Pinus thunbergii-Abies holophylla-Chamaectparis obtusa, Prunus sargentii, Pinus thunbergii-Alnus firma, Zelkova serrata). The average pH is 4.65 which means the soil acidity is quite high. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg and base saturation is very low. It seems that the environmental pollutants from Incheon Port and industrial plants near by survey site and long-distance transport of air pollutants from China made the soil condition worse. On the basis of the results above, six vegetation management devices are suggested: 1) removing the hazard plants(Pueraia thunbergiana and Humulus japonica), 2) natural landscape management of the middle and long term, 3) increasing species diversity, 4) Robinia pseudoacacia management, 5) keeping the naturalized plants from being distributed any further inside the mountain forest, 6) improving soil acidification.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2010

Due to diverse soil-forming environments and different purposes of the soil classification, numerous soil classification systems have been developed worldwide. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) and the Soil Taxonomy of the United States are well-known in Korea. However, the German Soil Systematics based on somewhat different principles from the two former systems is little-known. The objective of this paper is therefore to give a short overview of the principles of the German Soil Systematics. The German Soil Systematics consists of a six-level hierarchical structure which comprises soil divisions, soil classes, soil types, soil subtypes, soil varieties, and soil subvarieties. Soils in Germany are firstly classified into one of four soil divisions according to the soil moist regime: terrestrial soils, semi-terrestrial soils, semi-subhydric/subhydric soils, and peats. Terrestrial soils are subdivided into 13 soil classes based on the stage of soil formation and the horizon differentiation. Semi-terrestrial soils are differentiated into four classes regarding the source of soil moist: groundwater, freshwater, saltwater, and seaside. Semi-subhydric/subhydric soils are subdivided into two classes: semi-subhydric and subhydric soils. Peats are classified into two classes of natural and anthropogenic origins. Classes can be compared to orders of the U.S. Taxonomy. Classes are subdivided into 29 soil types with regard to soil forming-processes for terrestrial soils, into 17 types with regard to the soil formation for semi-terrestrial soils, into five types with regard to the content of organic matter for semi-subhydric/subhydric soils, and also into five types with regard to peat-forming processes for peats. The soil mapping units in Germany are types, which can be additionally subdivided into ca. 220 subtypes, several thousands of varieties and subvarieties using detailed nuances of morphologic features of soil profile. Soil types can be compared to great groups of the U.S. Taxonomy.