• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the degradation characteristics of waste cigarette filters under 0, 5, 10, and 15cm in depth from soil surface by environmental conditions. Weather was the most important factor during degradation of waste cigarette filters in this study. Bulking of cellulose acetate filaments exposed on soil surface was observed after 2 months, but the form of filter was kept up after 12 months. The treated cigarette filters in soil landfill revealed a little different degradation pattern at each soil landfill depth, The sample in 5cm depth of soil was more degraded then other site. A fluffy appearance of cellulose acetate filaments in the control filter rods was also developed more strongly in soil landfill then on soil surface. From the observation of waste cigarette filters by scanning electron microscopy, much degradation of the fiber of waste cigarette filters could be ascertained in soil landfill. The weight of waste cigarette filters under 5cm from soil surface was reduced about 50%, and the tensile strength of the samples in soil surface and under 5cm from soil surface were reduced 66.0% and 92.4%, respectively. The microbial experiment date that the viable cell number in microbial population and cellulolytic microorganisms showed the maximum values under 5cm from soil surface, suggest that microorganisms in soil play an important roll in the degradation of acetate cigarette filters.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

연직배수재는 필터와 코어로 형성되며, 필터의 주요기능으로 첫째, 흙 입자의 유실을 방지할 수 있는 흙 보유성과 둘째, Clogging 또는 Blinding현상 발생 없이 간극수를 원활히 배출시키는 투수성을 갖추어야 한다. 상대적으로 투수성이 낮은 지반에서 미세입자로 인하여 필터의 투수성을 저하시키는 필터폐색(Clogging) 현상이 발생하는데 필터의 폐색현상(Clogging)이 점진적으로 증가하면, 간극수의 흐름을 저하시켜 결국 압밀지연을 초래한다. 지반-필터의 거동에 따른 설계(시방)기준은 토목섬유 필터의 간극크기와 흙의 입도의 상관관계에 의해 결정되어야 하나, 국내에서는 필터폐색(Clogging)현상과 지반-필터의 거동 분석 없이 필터재의 유효입경(AOS, Apparent Opening Size)만을 고려하여 필터의 설계(시방)기준을 일률적으로 적용하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 3가지 종류의 연직배수재 필터를 대상으로 필터의 거동 및 필터폐색(Clogging)현상을 평가하고자 실내시험을 수행하였고, 이를 토대로 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$지역에서 연직배수재 필터의 설계(시방)기준을 선정하여 적용하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.65-72
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• 1998

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

This work investigated biodegradability for the cellulose acetate, carbon dual, paper and web used to cigarette filter materials by soil test. Also, because of demanded a lot of the time and effort in case of soil test, the possibility of biodegradation by enzyme was studied. The evaluation of degradation for the filter materials by soil test was examined with the naked eye, electron microscopy and weight loss. The biodegradability according to the filter materials was represented in the order of paper > web > carbon dual > cellulose acetate without relating to the evaluation methods. Experiment of biodegradability by the cellulase(E C 3.2.1.4, Trichoderma viride) among the several biodegradability enzymes was demanded reaction time of the $5\~10$ hours and represented the same result with that of soil test.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2006

Soil biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs, odorous and NOx compounds from a low concentration, high volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study was performed to evaluate effect of removal of gaseous NOx using a soil and a yellow soil. Over $60\%\;and\;48\%$ of NOx from a soil and a yellow soil was removed at the inlet NO concentrations of $423\~451$ppb, respectively. The bio-filter using a soil media was capable of purifying NOx with a different natural processes. Although some of the processes are quite complex, they can broadly be summarized as adsorption into soil pore water, and biochemical transformations by soil bacteria. When the filteration bio-reactor was applied to a soil and a yellow soil, effective NOx removal was obtained for several times and months. These results show that a soil biofilter can be of use as an alternative advanced NOx treatment system.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.329-334
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 축산농가에서 환경오염의 저감방안을 강구하기 위하여 축산폐수의 혐기성 처리수와 생활잡배수를 혼합하여 합병정화조와 3단 soil filter를 연계하여 처리한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 합병정화조에서 처리함에 있어서 합병정화조내 충전된 여상과 체류시간의 증가로 인한 미생물의 축적에 의하여 NRT $4{\sim}12$일에서 CODcr 제거효율은 $63.4{\sim}84.0%$이며 NH4+-N와 PO43--P는 각각 $3.9{\sim}5.4%$와 $18.3{\sim}29.0%$로써 HRT가 증가함에 따라 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 3단 soil filter에 의하여 재처리함에 있어서 표면적 부하율의 점진적인 증가에도 불구하고 여과, 흡착, 이온교환 및 토양 미생물의 작용으로 인하여 표면적 부하율이 증가함에 따라 CODcr, NH4+-N 및 PO43--P의 제거효율은 90% 이상을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 미루어볼 때, 오염부하량 감소 및 농업용수로의 재이용 측면에서 축산폐수의 합병정화조와 Soil filter에 의한 연계처리를 할 경우에 '96년부터 적용된 축산폐수의 방류수 수질기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Best management practices are often implemented to control nonpoint source pollutants. Best management practices need to be simulated and analyzed for effective Best management practices implementations. Filter strip is one of effective Best management practices in agricultural areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was selected to explore the effectiveness of filter strip to control total phosphorous in Golji watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was calibrated for flow and total phosphorous by Sequential Uncertainty Fittin ver.2 algorithm provided in Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Calibration and Uncertainty Procedures. Three scenarios defined by filter strip width were applied. The filter strip width of 5 m was able to reduce the most amount of total phosphorous. In other words, the total phosphorous reduction by filter strip of 5 m was 28.0%, while the reduction was 17.5% by filter strip of 1 m. However, the reduction per unit filter strip width were 17.4%, 8.0%, and 4.5% for 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m of filter strips, respectively. CONCLUSION: Best management practices need to be simulated and analyzed so that the BMP scenario can be cost-effective. A large size of BMP might be able to control large amount of pollutants, however it would not be indicated as a cost-effective strategy.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.163-172
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• 1990

비점성토 지반으로부터 세립토가 과다하게 유실되는 것을 방지하기 위한 geotextile 필터의 유효구멍크기를 평가하는 기준은 흙/geotextile 시스템을 통과하는 물의 흐름형태에 따라 크게 달라진다. 일방향흐름을 받는 흙/geotextile 시스템에서는 장기간 물의 흐름에 의해 geotextile과 인접한 지반흙내에 자체적인 흙필터층(soil filter layer) 이 형성될 수 있으므로 geotetile은 보다 큰 흙입자의 유실을 억제시킴으로써 효율적인 필터기능을 수행할 수 있는 반면, 교번흐름을 받는 흙/geotextile 시스템에서는 완전한 흙필터층의 형성이 곤란하므로 보다 작은 흙입자의 유실까지 억제시켜야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 2가지 개념을 토대로 하여 흐름형태별로 이론적인 geotextile의 필터기준을 제안하였으며, 이 필터기준의 타당성을 평가하기 위해 실내 필터특성실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 높은 동수경사와 짧은 주기 및 낮은 수직하중 등에서 세립토의 유실이 크게 발생하였기 때문에, 이러한 설계인자들의 영향을 평가하여 수정된 geotextile의 필터기준을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1102-1107
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• 2005

In this study, a specification for the filter system of plastic board drain using in korea. When PBDs was installed in the soft ground, bridging, blocking, blinding and clogging phenomena could be appeared near the PBD. Especially, clogging phenomena near the filter of PBD is very important factor to determine the life span of the vertical drainage system. Therefore, in this study, we proposed the specification on the filter of PBD considering the size of soil particle. To verify the proposed specification, model tests were conducted by using filter seepage tester. From the model test, newly proposed specification which considered the size of soil particle maintained the ability of seepage of the filter system of PBD.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1990

국내에서 여과용도로 폭넓게 사용되고 있는 Geotextile인 단섬유부직포를 대상으로 교번류상태에서의 흙/Geoteztile 시스템에 대한 실내 여과특성실험을 수행하였다. 실험을 통하여 교번주기, 교번동수경사, 수직하중 및 지반흙의 입도와 밀도등 여러 영향인자들이 흙/Geotextile시스템의 여과구조,수직투수성 및 흙 보유성에 미치는 효과를 규명하였으며, 국내생산 단섬유부직포에 대한 교번류 작용시의 보유성 기준과 투수성 기준을 제시하였다.