• 제목/요약/키워드: Soil composition

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토양 성분 측정 센서 구성 및 UI 구현에 관한 연구 (Research on soil composition measurement sensor configuration and UI implementation)

  • 박예은;정진형;조재현;장영윤;이상식
    • 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.76-81
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    • 2024
  • 최근 농업 방식이 경험 기반의 농업에서 데이터 기반의 농업으로 변화하고 있다. 4차 산업혁명으로 인한 농업 생산의 변화는 크게 세 가지 영역으로 전개되고 있으며, 스마트 센싱과 모니터링 영역, 스마트 분석 및 기획 영역, 스마트 제어 영역이 있다. 노지 스마트 농업 실현을 위해서는 특히 토양의 물리적, 화학적 특성에 대한 정보가 필수적이며, 관행적인 이화학성 측정은 샘플을 채취한 후 실험실에서 분석하고 있어 비용, 노동력, 시간이 많이 소요되어 현장에서 신속하게 측정할 수 있는 측정 기술이 시급하다. 또한 측정자가 인력으로 휴대하며 이동할 수 있고 한국의 논, 밭, 시설하우스에 이용할 수 있는 형태의 토양분석 시스템이 필요하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 토양시료를 채취하여 정보 분석이 가능한 소프트웨어를 개발하여 상용화하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양 성분측정 센서를 경도 측정 및 전극 센서 등으로 구성되어 기본적인 토양 성분 측정을 진행하였으며, 추후 연구를 통해 CCD카메라, 초음파 센서, 샘플러를 이용한 토양 샘플링 등이 적용된 시스템을 개발할 예정이다. 따라서 로드셀을 이용한 경도 측정 표시, 전도도를 이용한 수분, PH, EC 측정 표시 등 실시간으로 토양의 상태를 측정하여 분석할 수 있는 센서 및 토양분석 UI를 구현하였다.

건축물 옥상녹화에 따른 식재기반구성의 적재하중에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Live Load According to Composition of the Planting Base of Green Roof)

  • 김성수;서경호;김효열;강병희
    • 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2004
  • We divided the planting bale into waterproof layer, drainage layer and soil layer so at to investigate changes of live load according to species of wood and composition of the base to make rooftops green. The results are follows, 1. As concerning construction and live load for green roof, sheet waterproofing is superior. 2. When materials of drainage are changed crushed gravel into artificial lightweight graval or ferrite, live load of planting bale is decreased about 22% and 25% in order. 3. When ingredients of soil are chased normal sand into volcanic sand, live load of base is decreased about 28%. Especially, when it is changed into ferrite, 54% of live load is decreased. 4. In this study, all live load we concerned excesses the standard about roof live load of office, school and house. Hence, structure has to be concerned thoroughly when making rooftops green. But, we judge that various methods for making rooftops green can be applied if we consider roof garden when we plan new buildings.

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고속도로 비탈면 식생 모니터링을 통한 녹화공법 평가기준 연구 (A Study on Evaluation Standard for Revegetation Method through Monitoring of Vegetation on the Slope of Expressway)

  • 김경훈;전기성;허영진;박종철;주백;강대인
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.57-73
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    • 2020
  • A study was conducted to present the criteria for evaluating the revegetation method of the slope of the expressway. The results of comparative analysis between 2019-2020 field survey and existing research data (2015-2016) are as follows. Soil is a very important factor at the beginning of revegetation work. However, after the plant has settled, the importance of the soil composition diminishes. Among the plants used, the number of plants sown at the beginning gradually decreases. And it changes as it competes with invading plants. Among the plants used for sowing, it was found to affect the vegetation composition in the order of exotic grass > native herb and wildflower > native tree. Plant coverage is continuously evaluated as an important factor regardless of the time. The vegetation structure on the slope will change continuously over time. New items need to be evaluated in situations where a lot of time has elapsed since the application of revegetation work. It is desirable to use the current evaluation standard only to perform the evaluation within 1 to 2 years. In the long run, it is necessary to establish a new evaluation standard that adjusts the weights of each item.

산국과 감국의 자생지 환경특성과 식생 비교 (Comparison of Vegetation and Habitat Condition of Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in Korea)

  • 송홍선;김성민;박용진
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.20-26
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    • 2012
  • This study compared the differences between the Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure in Korea. More D. boreale distributed than D. indicum to in the place where high elevation and on the surface of low degree slope. Both D. boreale and D. indicum growed well in south-east direction of the slope. The soil pH of D. boreale and D. indicum was 6.1 and 7.1, respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and organic matter content of the soil of D. boreale habitat was significantly lower than that of the D. indicum habitat. There were 102 and 88 taxa, in D. boreale and D. indicum habitat, respectively. Both species generally distributed along with herbs than along with trees. The important species found in D. boreale habitat were Artemisia princeps (57.1%) and Humulus japonicus (33.3%), and the D. indicum habitat were Miscanthus sinensis (42.9%) and Lonicera japonica (38.1%). The D. boreale group was classified into Artemisia princeps, Crepidiastrum denticulatum, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria lobata, Lespedeza bicolor, Lonicera japonica and Rubus crataegifolius community. The D. indicum group was classified into Artemisia capillaris, Peucedanum japonicum, Boehmeria pannosa, Pinus thunbergii, Lonicera japonica, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia community. There is a large difference bewteen D. boreale and D. indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure.

공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염 (Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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Acid-Soil and Psyllid Tolerance of Interspecific Hybrids of Leucaena in Malaysia

  • Vadiveloo, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.434-440
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    • 1998
  • Seven hybrid lines of Leucaena leucocephala $\times$ L. diversifolia and two control lines of L. leucocephala were compared for their adaptation to acid-soils and tolerance to damage by the psyllid, Heteropsyla cubana, at four locations over two years in Peninsular Malaysia. Primary data on leaf composition and in vitro digestibility (nutrition variables) and secondary data on plant height, stem girth and psyllid damage (agronomy variables) were the measures of performance. Cluster solutions of the nine lines were different within locations, between locations and between years for nutrition and agronomy variables. Controls and hybrids did not cluster separately. Principal component scores of the nine lines gave rank orders which were different by location and by year. No performance trend could be detected between hybrids and controls. The conclusion is that nutritional and agronomic characteristics in Leucaena are independent, soil composition and weather did not consistently affect performance, and evidence is inconclusive as to the benefits of interspecific crossing with L. diversifolia.

Methodology to Simultaneously Optimize the Inlet Ozone Concentration to Oxidize NO and Relative Humidity Composition for the $NO_x$ Degradation using Soil Bio-filter

  • Cho, Ki-Chul;Hwang, Kyung-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제24권E2호
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2008
  • This work investigated the methodology to simultaneously optimize the ozone and relative humidity composition for the $NO_x$ degradation using soil biofilter. Experiments were made as a function of inlet ozone concentration ($0{\sim}1,770\;ppb$) and relative humidity ($38{\sim}81%$). Factorial design ($2^2+3$) and response surface methodology by central composite designs were used to examine the role of two factors and optimal response condition on $NO_x$ degradation. It was found that a second-order response surface model can properly interpret the experimental data with an $R^2$-value of 0.9730 and F-value of 71.83, based on which the maximum $NO_x$ degradation was predicted up to 92.8% within our experimental conditions.

전주 체련공원내 조경식물 식재구성과 토양절지동물상에 관한 연구 (A Study on Composition of Landscape Species and the Soil Microarthropods Athletic Training Park in Chonju)

  • 장석기;장규관;정진철;최성식
    • 한국토양동물학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.98-103
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    • 1997
  • This study was investigated, from October to November, 1995, how environmental factors affected both the diversity and the ecology of soil microarthropods according to the sampling sites at althletic training park located in Chonju, Chonbuk. The results obtained are as follow: At the sampling areas, the soil microarthropods were identified into 6 classes, 15 orders, 17,145 individuals. Arachnida showed the highest individual rate (74.10%) in soil mictoarthropods and Acari occupied the great majority (97.98%) in Archinida. Collembola showed the highest individual rate (82.01%) in Insecta. Species planted at althletic training park were 10 famillies 12 genera 20 species 2 varietas 1 forma. In environmental factors which have an effect on the distribution of the soil microarthropods, acarina showed positive correlation for rate of carbon/nitrogen, soil moisture, soil acidity, and lead(Pb) and also negative correlation for solidity and intensity of lightness. Collembola and other animals showed negative correlation for solidity.

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매토종자와 현존식생과의 관계 (The Relationship Between Soil Seed Bank and Actual Vegetation)

  • 이명훈;김용식;김도균;박석곤;신현탁
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.638-647
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    • 2010
  • 현존식생이 매토종자집단의 종조성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 소나무군락과 신갈나무군락의 식생구조를 분석하고, 표토를 채취하여 영남대학교 조경학과 유리온실로 옮긴 후 매토종자를 스티로폼 상자에 넣어 발아실험을 통해 매토종자 집단의 종조성과 개체수를 조사하였다. 표토를 채취한 두 군락의 자생지에서 층위별, 군락별 및 수종별로 매토종자집단의 종조성 및 개체수에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 매토종자에서 두 군락의 초본층에 출현한 식물종이 교목층과 아교목층, 관목층의 식물종보다 유의적으로 높게 출현하였다. 두 군락 간 매토종자의 종수와 개체수는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 또한, 현존식생과 매토종자에 공통으로 출현한 식물종수는 두 군락 간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 매토종자에서 발아한 두 군락의 목본종은 천이중간 또는 후기의 수종보다 선구종 또는 주연부 수종의 발아율이 높았다. 따라서, 군락의 초본층 식물종이 매토종자집단의 종조성에 가장 크게 영향을 미치고, 우리나라의 동일한 삼림대와 위도를 고려한 군락별 매토종자집단의 종조성에는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 보인다. 또한, 현존식생의 선구종 또는 주연부 수종이 매토종자로서 표토에 축적될 가능성이 높고, 이 수종이 매토종자집단의 종조성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

매몰된 가축 사체의 부패 촉진 및 토양 비옥화를 위한 Corynebacterium glutamicum과 Bacillus licheniformis 처리 효과 (Effect of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Bacillus licheniformis on livestock material burial treatment)

  • 신유정;허건영;김주형;김빛나;민지호;조호성
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2017
  • Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, particularly problematic in cattle, sheep, pigs and goats for economic reasons. Last FMD outbreak in February, 2017 caused tremendous social and economical impacts. The Korean FMD policy aims to vaccinate intact animals and euthanize and bury infected animals to prevent the disease spread. However, there was a problem that the buried livestock did not decompose after several years. Therefore, the study was purposed to investigate the effect of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Bacillus licheniformis on the degradation of buried cow carcasses and on the soil condition; such as temperature, decomposition course of carcasses, composition of amino acids in the soil around carcasses, and plant root elongation to measure soil conditions. As a result, the composition of amino acids in the soil treated with C. glutamicum and B. licheniformis was generally higher than those in the untreated soil. Plant roots in soil treated with C. glutamicum and B. licheniformis grew longer than in non-treated soil. The results suggested that the toxic effect on a grave land buried with FMD infected livestock is reduced when treated with C. glutamicum and B. licheniformis in regard of odor reduction, promoted decaying process, and soil fertilization.