• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.38-48
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• 1980

To evaluate Rhizobium meliloti BALSAC, a strain selected from Canada as an acid tolerant one, and ordinary lucerne inoculant in acid condition, lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Wairau) was inoculated and/or pelleted in the laboratory, and grown for two months in an acid soil (Lismore silt loam, pH 5.4) with three levels of lime in the, glasshouse. The results of controlled (noninoculated), nitrogen fertilized, laboratorial and commercial inoculated seeds were compared to give the following conclusions: 1. There was no significant difference in the top and root dry matter yields between two Rhizobium strains. However, Balsac inoculant showed higher single nodule dry matter weight and relatively higher number of larger nodules than the ordinary inoculant. 2. Lime application increased dry matter yields of plants and nodules, and the number of nodules per pot and the increase of nodules on the lateral roots in both inoculants. Lime application also caused an evenly distribution of nodules on the root by showing an increase of nodules mainly on the lateral roots. 3. Fertilizer nitrogen without inoculant slightly increased the nodulation percentage, the nodule dry matter weight per nodule and the relative proportion of larger nodules. 4. Commercially inoculated and pelleted seed showed less consistent results. 5. Relatively larger variations in measuring nodule characteristics was discussed and concluded that extreme cares should be given to reduce the variation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2003

For safe and easy disposal of prochloraz wastewaters after used as rice seed disinfectant in Korean farms, this experiment was carried out. By addition of several agricultural materials commonly utilizing in farmers, removal effect of prochloraz from waste solution was also investigated. When rice seeds after soaking in diluted prochloraz solution were rinsed with water several times, prochloraz was removed $9.2\sim10.6%$ at the first rinse and less than 3 % at the fourth rinse. A half life of prochloraz was $4\sim5$ days in aqueous system. Hydrolysis of prochloraz was more rapidly in alkali solution than neutral and acidic one at $25^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. By the irradiation under $5530J/cm^2$ using xenone lamp, prochloraz was photo-degraded to 87.7% in aqueous system. The removal efficiency of prochloraz by addition of several agricultural materials were as follows: 93.6% by lime, 90.7% by composed pig manure, 89.4% by activated charcoal, 78.0% by straw ash, 70.3% by sandy loam soil, 47.0% by zeolite and 24.1 % by rice straw. When prochloraz solution was sprayed on the field soil, it was dissipated upto 90% within 35 days.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2008

This study presents a correlation between timber Age, image bands and vegetation indices for timber age estimation. Basically, this study used Landsat TM images of three difference years (1994, 1994, 1998) and difference between Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and National Elevation Dataset (NED). Bands of 4, 5 and 7, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Infrared Index (II), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SA VI) were obtained from Landsat TM images. Tasseled cap - greenness and wetness images were also made by Tasseled cap transformation. Finally, analysis of correlation between timber age, difference between Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and National Elevation Dataset (NED), individual TM bands (4, 5, 7), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Tasseled cap-Greenness, Wetness, Infrared Index (II), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) using regression model. In this study about 1,992 datasets were analyzed. The Tasseled cap - Wetness, Infrared Index (II) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) showed close correlation for timber age estimation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project in China is similar to the 'The 10-year National Greening Project' of Korea, and is one of the great strategic policies that started in order to develop the people, resources and the environment by the central government of China. Using the ecosystem recovery as the slogan, The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of China has a long history of 70 years, but the accomplishments has been insignificant when compared to the long history. The Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project was not a trend due to the societal and economical issues of China, but with the increasing interest on the environmental protection in the late 1990s the extent of the ecosystem is gradually increasing. The most difficult, yet most important matter of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project, is that it must consider the ecosystem with the economy. The farmers want financial gains in a short term, and the government aims is gaining cost-benefit over a long period which is why a rational the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of the central government in China is most important. In order for the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project of China to develop further in the future, the standardization and distinction of the economic compensation policy is most urgent. Other than this, a new policy and the government interest on the livelihood of the farmers after the completion of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project are needed, and there must be a clear and fair policy enactment environment so that the opinions of the farmers can influence the policy in the policy enactments.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2022

After ginseng seeds were planted in sand, the first experiment was conducted by germinating seeds with a nutrient concentration of 0 to 2.5. The average germination rate was highest in EC 1.0 with a nutrient concentration of 87%, followed by the comparative group with EC 1.5, 82%, EC 2.0, 78%, EC 2.5, 72%, EC 0.5, 71%, and con, 68%. Ginseng seeds were sown in the sandy soil, grown for 60 days were transferred to the ginseng soil, and the second growth experiment was conducted 30 days later. As a result of the experiment, at the nutrient concentration of EC 1.5, it grew from 11.64cm to 15.54cm, the average total length(cm)increased the most from 3.90cm. At the EC 1.0, nutrient concentration, the average total weight(g)increased the most from 0.42g to 0.75g to 0.33g. At the EC 0.5, nutrient concentration, the average total root width(mm) increased the most from 4.06mm to 5.52mm to 1.46mm.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.5 s.106
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• pp.419-424
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• 2004

In this study, a series of soil bin experiment was carried out to investigate experimentally the effect of the tire inflation pressure and axle load of tire on the steering torque for the off-road condition. The experiment was performed at the three levels of off-road conditions(ground I, ground II and ground III) and on-road condition(ground IV), four levels of tire inflation pressure(120 kPa, 170 kPa, 220 kPa and 270 kPa), and four levels of axle load(1470N, 1960N, 2450N and 2940N). The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Steering torque at the off-road conditions were higher than that on the on-road conditions for all levels of tire inflation pressure and axle load. 2. As the axle load increased, steering torque also increased f3r all experimental ground conditions. 3. For the axle load of 1470N the biggest steering torque was measured on the ground condition I, but as the axle load increased to the value of 2940N the biggest steering torque was measured on the ground condition III. From the above results, it was found that for the low axle load, steering torque gets higher on the soft ground condition, but for the high axle load, steering torque gets higher on hard ground condition for whole range of experimental conditions. 4. As the tire inflation pressure decreased, steering torque increased on the on-road condition, but no specific trend was not found at the off-road conditions.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

Styrofoam as shock-absorbing materials for packaging has been regarded as one of non-biodegradable products leading to soil contamination at a landfill and release of dioxine during its incineration. For avoiding severe burdens on our environments by styrofoam, it must be replaced by environment-friendly materials. In order to evaluate availability of pulp fibers as a substitute for styrofoam, various extrusion processes were applied for making optimal biodegradable products. Then thermomechanical pulp fibers made of Pinus radiata and Pinus rigida were uniformly mixed with other additives such as starch and polyvinyl alcohol prior to expansion. The physical properties of the final products were examined by measuring expansion efficiency, compression strength, and elastic modulus. Wheat starch played a key role to maintain optimal flowing conditions within the barrel of the extruder irrespective of addition of soluble starch and polyvinyl alcohol. However, as the amounts of wheat starch in raw-materials increased, the elastic modulus of the expanded materials greatly increased. High elastic modulus is not suitable as shock-absorbing products for packaging. Thus the wheat starch must be added at a minimum if possible, that is, below 20% based on oven-dried weight of pulp fibers. the elastic modulus of the expanded products was decreased as their moisture contents increased. For the products containing 20% wheat starch, the lowest elastic modulus, 844.64 kPa was obtained under 10% of the moisture content. This was similar to that of styrofoam.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.476-482
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• 2002

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) and c-type cytochromes from marine methanol-oxidizing bacterium, Methylophaga sp. MP, were purified and characterized. The native MDH had a molecular mass of 148 kDa and its isoelectric point was 5.5. Two c-type cytochromes, $c_L\;and\;c_H$, were found, and their isoelectric points were 3.4 and 8.0, respectively. The purified MDH had higher thermal stability than that of the other soil methylotrophic bacteria. The electron flow rate from MDH to cytochrome $c_L$was higher than that from MDH to cytochrome $c_H$, indicating that the physiological primary electron acceptor for MDH is cytochrome $c_L$. The electron transfer from MDH to phenazine ethosulfate (PES, artificial electron acceptor) in the two dye (PES/DCPIP)-linked assay system was not inhibited by NaCl, whereas the electron flow from MDH to cytochrome $c_L$ in the cytochrome/DCPIP-linked assay system was suppressed significantly by NaCl. Metal chelating agents such as EDTA showed the same effects on the MDH activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

In this study, we tried to establish analysis methods of perchlorate with ion chromatography(IC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(LC/MS) and monitored perchlorate levels in various kinds of water and soil samples. The obtained method detection limit(MDL) of IC was 1 ppb and that of LC/MS was 0.005 ppb in water sample. We monitored the ground and spring water in Busan and the average perchlorate level in ground water was 0.031 $\pm$ 0.011 ppb and that of spring water was 0.013 $\pm$ 0.014 ppb. Wastewater samples were also examined and the levels of perchlorate ranged from 0.007 to 0.380 ppb. The perchlorate levels in all water samples investigated in this study were below the EPA guideline.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2001

This study was conducted to predict the tractive resistance for tree length logs being skidded by ground based logging machine. The mathematical models for predicting the tractive resistance of tree length log have been developed. The tractive resistance is expressed as a function of log weight, skidding coefficient, and ground gradient. The skidding coefficients for four species of Korean pine, Japanese larch, mongolian oak, and cork oak were determined under laboratory condition using universal testing machine and small soil bin, Three different tractive resistance models were applied to four species and compared with each other. The ratios (T/Wt) of skidding-line tensions to the skidding log weight increased linearly with increment in ground gradient. Semi-ground skidding generally required smaller tensions than ground skidding under given condition. Results of this study can be utilized as basic information for logging machine selection and power requirement of skidding winch.