• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-108
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• 2004

논토양에서 축산액비처리에 의한 볏짚 부숙 촉진을 위하여 액비 시용량별로 볏짚에 처리한 후 경운과 무경운을 하여 120일 동안 볏짚의 분해정도를 검토하였다. 볏짚의 분해율은 액비를 증시할 수 록 경운처리가 무경운처리보다 높아 60일 이상 분해가 빨랐다. 볏짚 중 C 함량은 경운처리가 무경운보다 액비증시구에서 감소하였으나, N 함량은 0.7-0.8%로 경운과 무경운 그리고 액비 시용량 사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. 볏짚 중 셀루로스 함량은 액비시용 후 60일째까지 급격히 감소하다가 그 이후 완만한 감소를 보였으며, 액비 시용량이 많을수록 낮은 경향이었다. 토양 중 $NH_4-N$과 $NO_3-N$ 함량은 액비 시용량이 증가할 수 록 경운처리가 무경운처리보다 높았다. 토양 중 셀루로스분해균수는 $10^5cfu\;g^{-1}$이상으로, 경운이 무경운처리보다 많았고 60일경에 가장 많은 경향이었으며 암모니아산화균은 60일째에, 탈질균은 90일째에 경운처리가 무경운보다 액비증시구에서 많았다. 따라서 볏짚에 액비시용 후 경운처리는 미생물의 생장을 증가시켜 볏짚분해에 촉진하는 결과임을 보여주었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

고랭지 농업환경에 적용할 수 있는 토양검정에 의한 시비기준을 설정하고자 고랭지 무에 대하여 2004년에 표고 850m의 사양질 밭토양에서 N, P 및 K 비료의 시비수준을 달리하여 포장시험을 수행하였다. 고랭지 무에 대한 안정 목표수량을 생산하기 위한 NPK의 적정 시비배율은 현행 평난지 토양검정 기준량 대비 각각 0.90, 0.77 및 0.50배이었다. 산출된 적정 시비배율을 조정된 시비추천식에 적용하여 고랭지 여름작물인 무에 알맞은 시비추천식을 설정할 수 있었다. 설정된 시비추천 방법에 의한 무의 N, P 및 K 시비량에 작물의 재배면적을 적용하여 산출한 고랭지 무 재배시 화학비료의 절감량은 질소, 인산 및 칼리의 경우 각각 71.3, 0 및 173.1톤으로 총합계 244.4톤이나 되었다. 따라서 평난지의 토양검정시비량보다 10~50%를 절감할 수 있는 새로운 시비추천식을 적용하면 고랭지 무의 생산성도 유지하면서 고랭지 농업환경 오염을 경감할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to monitor the changes in soil solution nutrients and to evaluate their effect on rice uptake and yield. The changes of chemical characteristics of paddy soil solution were examined from the 58th fertilization experiment in which the continuous rice cropping experiment started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and inorganic fertilizer plus silicate and lime fertilizer as a soil amendment (NPKCLS). The fertilizers were added at rates of standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), potassium ($K_2O$), and sililcate ($SiO_2$) were applied at rates of $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively and lime was applied to neutralize soil acidity until 6.5. Average Electrical Conductivity (EC) of soil solution in NPKCLS and NPKC ranged from 1.16 to $2.00dS\;m^{-1}$. The $NH{_4}^+$ and $K^+$ levels in NPKCLS and NPKC were higher than that of the other treatments, due to high supply power of rice straw compost. The content of $H_3SiO{_4}^-$ was higher in NPKCLS because of silicate application. The dominant ions in soil solution were $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ among cations and $HCO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $Cl^-$ among anions in all treatments. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and silicate fertilizer (NPKCLS) led to the changes of various chemical composition in soil solutions. Also, they had a significant impact on the improvement of rice inorganic uptake and grain yield. Especially, inorganic uptake by rice in NPKC and NPKCLS significantly increased than those in NPK plot; 14~46% for T-N, 32~36% for P, 43~57% for K, and 45~77% for Si. Therefore, the combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organic compost as a soil amendment is considered as the best fertilization practice in the continuous rice cropping for the improvement of crop productivity and soil fertility.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2015

Environment-friendly growth enhancers for rice are being promoted to reverse the negative impact of intensive chemical-based and conventional rice farming on yield sustainability and environmental problems. Several rhizosphere microorganisms and pyroligneous acids (PA) had demonstrated beneficial influence on growth, yield and grain quality of rice. Since most of the previous study had evaluated the effect of PGPR and PA on paddy rice singly, the effect of combined application of these on the growth and yield of paddy rice and on some soil chemical properties were determined. A four factorial pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR, PA in combination with fertilizers and on different soil types. There were 54 treatment combinations including the control with three replications under complete randomized design. Plant growth parameters were evaluated using standard procedures during tillering and heading stages. Rice yield and some soil chemical properties were determined at harvest. Results showed that inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium fujikuroi enhanced plant growth by increasing the plant height which could be ascribe to its ability to promote IAA and GA production in plants. Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli enhanced chlorophyll content indicative to its ability to improve the N nutrition. However, these plant growth benefits during the vegetative stage were override by the fertilizer application effect especially during the maturity stage and grain yield. High fertilization rates on coarse-textured soil without nutrient loss resulted to high available nutrients and consequently high yield. Wood vinegar application however improved nutrient availability in soil which could be beneficial for improving soil quality. Further evaluation is necessary to fully assess the potential benefits that could be derived from inoculation of these organisms and wood vinegar application in different soil environment especially under different field conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2015

Zeolite may help crop growth, yield increase, and salt removal. Field experiment under greenhouse cultivation was conducted to study the effect of zeolite application on growth and yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) and soil. Soil was classified as Gyuam series (coarse silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aquic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts). Six zeolite rates were 0, 3, 5, 10, 20 and $40Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Experimental design was a completely randomized design. Chinese cabbage was grown three times consecutively. Established plant number of plant and yield as fresh weight (F.W.) were measured and soil samples were taken before and after harvesting. Chinese cabbage yield was $76.9Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at a rate of $20Mg\;zeolite\;ha^{-1}$, $54.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at a rate of $5Mg\;zeolite\;ha^{-1}$, and $51.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at control (no zeolite), respectively. Second order regression analysis using zeolite rate and yield showed that optimum zeolite application rate was between 24 and $26Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The regression equation explained about 88% of the yield variability. The electrical conductivity (EC) decreased from 3.2 to $1.0dS\;m^{-1}$ for all treatments so that salt accumulation was not a concern. Based on the results, we recommend that optimum zeolite application rate is between 20 and $24Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage under greenhouse cultivation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Globally, large amounts of phosphogypsum (PG), which is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer production, is deposited in open areas. As PG contains calcium, phosphate, and sulphate, it can be used as a soil amendment in farmlands. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PG application on properties of field soil and yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.), and to seek appropriate level of PG application into the field. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted by applying PG at four different levels that were adjusted based on 65% calcium base saturation in the field soil: 0% (control), 50% (PG50, 100 kg/10a), 100% (PG100, 200 kg/10a), and 150% (PG150, 300 kg/10a). Following cultivation, soil electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available P and exchangeable Ca increased, whilst soil pH decreased. With increase in PG application level, soil EC and exchangeable Ca increased. PG application increased concentrations of water soluble Ca and SO4 across the soil profile, especially in PG150. The highest yield of garlic was found in PG100 treatment. The plant's uptake for N, P, Ca, and S increased by PG applications, but that for K decreased. Moreover, concentrations of S-related amino acids such as cysteine and methionine in garlic increased by PG applications. The increased content of nutrients and amino acids with PG supply might improve yield, quality, and favor of the crop. CONCLUSION: Overall, PG application at 200 kg/10a into a field had the best effect on improving soil fertility as well as yield and quality of garlic. Further studies are required to maximize efficiencies of PG supply in soil management and production of various crops.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.481-488
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• 1999

Recently a removable soil nail is demanded due to problems beyond of economical and engineering purpose. In this study controlled displacement and controlled force field pull-out tests are carried out 7 times in order to evaluate short-term and long-term pull-out characteristics of the removable soil nail. For evaluating application of removable soil nailing system, bending tests of removable soil nails and tensile tests of fixed sockets are carried out. In the removable soil nailing system, the predicted horizontal displacements from FLAC-2D are also compared with the field measurements occurred in stepwise excavation. And approach for the stability analysis of removable soil nailing system after removed is proposed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 1996

본시험은 하해습성 충적통인 전북통에서 벼 무논골뿌림재배시 측조시비에 알맞은 시비량 및 시비방법을 밝히고자 1995년에 동진벼를 10a당 5kg씩 5월 15일에 6조식 모논골뿌림 파종기로 파종하는 동시에 표준시비량의 100%와 80%량의 완효성 복비를 파종기부착 측조시비기로 파종골의 측면 4cm에 3cm깊이와 5cm길이로 전량을 기비로 시용하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 측조시비에서는 어느 파종방법이나 관행보다 초장이 길고 경수가 많았으나 유효경비율은 적었고, 측조시비방법간에는 100%가 80%시비보다 수수는 많았으나 유효경비율이 적었고, 3cm가 5cm깊이 시비보다 수수가 많고 유효경비율도 높았다. 2. 엽면적지수와 건물중은 생육초기에는 측조시비보다 관행시비서 높았으나 최고분얼기 이후는 측조시비가 높았고 측조시비방법간에는 생육초기는 3cm깊이 시비가 5cm깊이 시비보다 높았으나 최고분얼기 이후는 5cm시비에서 높았다. 3. 토양중 NH$_4$-N는 파종후 25일에는 관행이 측조시비보다 많았으나 파종후 40일부터는 측조시비가 많았으며, 측조시비간에는 파종후 40일까지는 3cm시비가 5cm시비보다 많았으나 그후에는 5cm시비가 3cm시비보다 많았다. 4. 복상형질은 관행시비보다 측조시비가 나빴고, 측조시비간에는 80%시비보다 100%시비에서, 3cm시비보다 5cm시비에서 불량하여 측조시비 100%에서는 출수후 30일에 3정도의 복상이 발생하였다. 5. 출수 및 $m^2$당 입수는 관행시비방법이 측조시비 80%보다도 적었으나 측조시비의 시비량 및 시비방법간에는 별 차이가 없었다. 6. 쌀수량은 관행이 측조시비 80%보다도 적었으며, 기타 측조시비방법에서 관행시비와 별 차이가 없었다. 이상 생육 및 수량으로 보아 모논골뿌림재배에 알맞은 측조시비의 시비량 및 시비방법은 관행시비량의 80%를 완효성비료로 파종과 동시에 파종골옆 4cm에 3cm 깊이로 시용하는 것이라고 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.138-144
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine the effects of lime(0, 300 kg/lOa) and phosphate application( 0, 20, 40, 80 kg/lOa) on mineral contents in herbage when 5 pasture species(orchardgrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, redtop and ladino clover) were grown in pot of black(B) and very dark brown (VDB) volcanic ash soil of Cheju island, respectively. P content of orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were higher in VDB than in B (P<0.01), but other grasses were not different between two soil types. Also, Ca and Mg contents of ladino clover were higher in VDB than in B, but other grasses were not different between two soil types. P and K contents were not affected by lime but Ca and Mg contents were increased by lime application in most of the pasture species. P, Ca, Mg and Na contents of all pasture spesies were increased by phosphate application(P< 0.Ol)except for Ca content of tall fescue. K and Fe content were decreased, with increasing phosphate application but Zn content was not changed by phosphate application.