• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The use of green manure and compost as organic fertilizer may increase crop yield and soil fertility due to improved soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter content (SOM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and compost application on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality and soil health. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (HV), and livestock compost+HV (LC+HV). Red pepper seedlings (70 days old) were transplanted and maintained in experimental plots for 140 days. Plant dry weight, micro- and macronutrient contents of plants and soil chemical properties were determined. All fertilizer treatments significantly increased plant dry weight. Fruit yield was significantly highest with HV treatment. As for nutrient content, plants in HV and LC+HV treatments have significantly higher K and Ca contents than the other treatments. Regarding soil properties, HV and LC+HV application significantly altered the soil chemical properties. Significantly higher SOM was observed in HV and LC+HV treated soils. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that short-term application of hairy vetch and compost is an effective alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizer to increase fruit yield red pepper and improve soil health.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.586-593
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• 2014

Newly reclaimed tidal land is known to be in low status of soil fertility. The incorporation of crop residue is an effective method to improve soil properties and fertility in reclaimed saline soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of rice straw (RS) application to improve physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soil and its contribution to productivity of whole crop barley. Increasing rate of rice straw improved growth parameter related to yield of whole crop barley, which increased tiller number significantly (p<0.05).The yield increased by 15% (F.W) and 9% (D.W) in rice straw-amended plots. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil (0-20cm) with rice straw incorporation increased by 5~9% (RS 2.5~RS 7.5) compared to RS 0, in which the content of SOM decreased after two consecutive cultivations. Rice straw incorporation promoted soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient-availability of the test crop, as indicated in change in soil bulk density, porosity and increased nutrient uptake of plant. Especially, the P content and uptake of whole crop barley increased with increasing the rate of rice straw application. In conclusion, the rice straw application at rates of $5.0-7.5ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed saline soils effectively improved soil properties and crop productivity, which has potentials to reduce the loss of chemical fertilizers and facilitate the favorable condition for crop growth under adverse soil condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.127-134
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• 2000

Soil nailing is in-situ ground improvement technique of reinforcing soils using passive inclusions for the purpose of slope stability. Also soil nailing, in general, was used and studied as a reinforcement technique at cut slope, but this paper presents the results of study for soil nailing application as a reinforcement technique at the banking over slided slope. In-situ pull-out tests of nails, instrumented with strain gauges, were performed to investigate the maximum pull-out load and to calculate the unit side resistance in each different layer. And the apparent average unit side resistance of this study was compared with that of other sites installed at cut slope.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2005

To reduce effectively cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability by phosphate in mine tailing affected soil, fused and super phosphate (FSP), a main phosphate fertilizer in South Korea, was selected as phosphate source and then applied at the rates of 0, 78, 390, and 780 $P_2O_5kg\;ha^{-1}$. FSP did not decrease Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake, but increased significantly. The effect of Cd supplement and soil negativity increase through FSP application was not significant. Soil pH decreased markedly with increasing FSP application, which increased significantly soil Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake. As a result, phosphate fertilizer for reducing Cd phtyoavailability in heavy metals contaminated soil should be carefully selected as alkaline type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

The current-carrying capacities in IEC standards for underground refers to a soil thermal resistivity of 2.5[$K{\cdot}m/W$] where no measured data are available. But this value is considered too conservative and may not justifiable economically as to need precaution in using the value. In this paper, the standard practices on the application of soil thermal resistivity of some countries(UK, USA etc) are surveyed and proposed a reasonable representative value 1.0[$K{\cdot}m/W$] of soil thermal resistivity considering the domestic soil thermal properties with regard to the application of IEC standard.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2016

The application of animal manure on farm fields is one of the most economical ways. However, the continuous application of manure in paddy fields might change soil properties influencing the growth of rice plant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected chemical and biological properties of soils and rice production as affected by the applications of two different fertilizer sources, which were the consecutive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM) and chemical fertilizer (CF), during the three experimental years, from 2012 to 2014. Application amount of LSM was based on 100% of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate for rice cultivation estimated by soil testing. Plant height and tiller number in rice at the first year of liquid swine manure manure plot were lower than those of chemical fertilizer plot. Height and tillers of rice in liquid swine manure plot were higher than those of rice in chemical fertilizer plot after consecutive application for 3 years. Rice yield In the first year of application was decreased by 7% than that of chemical fertilizer, but the yield of rice in the third year of application in LM 100% plot was increased by 8% compared to the chemical fertilizer. Toyo-taste value of milled rice in LM 100% was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing rate of perfect grain. The K and Zn contents in the soil were increased in the plots of consecutive LSM application. The results implied that the liquid manure may neither decrease the yield of rice and nor increase soil properties except K and Zn in the soil, and decrease rice quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1983

Absorption pattern and sensitivity of radishes to boron were compared with different boron treatment: soil application, foliar spray and no boron application. Six radish cultivars were planted on April 7 and harvested on June 23. Borax 1.5 Kg per 10 a was applied to soil before seeding and the 150 litters of 0.5 ppm solution with bolic acid was sprayed on leaves 3 times during the growing period. Boron content in plant was markedly increased by the soil application but no significant difference in boron contents in plants was observed between foliar spray and no application, presumably because of the insufficient dose of foliar spray. The darkening rot in root, a boron deficiency, was negligible in radishes grown in soil application plots whereas a relatively higher percentage of boron deficient plant was found from foliar spray or no application plots. The appearance of root darkening rot occurred at the rapid root enlargement stage, apparently from 55 days to 65 days after seeding. The boron contents in plants of soil application plots slightly increased at this stage while those of no boron application and foliar spray decreased. This obviously verified that boron deficiency should cause root rots showing highly significant relationship.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Gypsum($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$) is known as an ideal amendment to improve soil quality of the reclaimed coastal land. Since gypsum has very high concentration of electron acceptor like ${SO_4}^{2-}$, its application might be effective on reducing $CH_4$ emission during rice cultivation, but its effect has not been studied well. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of gypsum on $CH_4$ emission and rice growth characteristics was studied by pot test, which was packed by reclaimed paddy soils collected from Galsa, Hadong, Gyeongnam province. Chemical-grade gypsum was applied in two soils having EC 2.25 and 9.48 dS/m at rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%(wt/wt). $CH_4$ emission was characterized a week interval by closed chamber method during rice cultivation. $CH_4$ emission rate was significantly decreased with increasing salt accumulation and gypsum application levels. With increasing gypsum application, dissolved ${SO_4}^{2-}$ concentration in the leachate water was significantly increased, which might have suppressed $CH_4$ production in soil. Total $CH_4$ flux was dramatically decreased with increasing gypsum application. In contrast, rice yield was increased with increasing gypsum application and then achieved maximum productivity at 1.0% gypsum application in two soils. CONCLUSION(s): Gypsum is a very good soil amendment to suppress $CH_4$ emission in reclaimed coastal paddy soils, and improve rice productivity and soil properties. The optimum application level of gypsum is assumed at ca. 1% to improve soil productivity with reducing effectively $CH_4$ emission during rice cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2001

This studies was carried out to investigate the effects of long term application of organic matters for 21 years from 1979 to 1999. The organic matters were applicated 5 ton $ha^{-1}$ as rice straw and 10 ton $ha^{-1}$ as compost. The used soil was paddy soil of Junbuk series. The obtained results are as follows: For 21 years, the changes of organic matter content of sail was from 22g $kg^{-1}$ to 21g $kg^{-1}$ in the plot of no organic application, but from 25g $kg^{-1}$ to 29gkg^(-1) in the plot of organic matter application. The changes of cation excange capacity of soil were lower gradually in the plot of non-appilcation of organic matter, but were not changed in the plots of rice straw and compost appilcation. The changes of rice yield were highly decreased after 10 years in the plot of no organic matter application, but rice yield were not highly changed in the plot of organic matter application. As conclusion, sussesive application of organic matters is improving physico-chemical properties of soil and is increasing rice yield.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.352-357
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• 2001

Cadmium (Cd) has been identified as a potential contaminant in agricultural and environmental soils. Ionic condition in the soils is an important factor to influence Cd availability. In this study, the effect of sulfate or nitrate application on Cd sorption in acidic and calcareous soils was investigated. The Cd, sulfate $(SO_4)$, and nitrate $(NO_3)$ sources were solutions of $CdCl_2$, $K_2SO_4$, and $KNO_3$, respectively. The soil-solution system pH was affected by the application of sulfate or nitrate in both acidic and calcareous soil system, but there was not clear pH difference between pre- and simultaneous applications of sulfate or nitrate (PAS/PAN or SAS/SAN). Solution ionic strength (I) values were similar between the acid and calcareous soil systems after applying the Cd even though it was significantly different in the untreated control soils. However after applying the sulfate or nitrate, the I values increased and were always higher with SAS/SAN treatments. Solution Cd concentration also increased with the application of sulfate or nitrate. However, the Cd concentration in soil solution controlled by Cd sorption in the systems was different between PAS/PAN and SAS/SAN treatments only in the calcareous soil system, but not in the acidic soil system. The difference in Cd concentration between SAS/SAN and PAS/PAN in the calcareous systems may be caused by system pH, ionic strength, complexation, and predominately, competition of the $Cd^{2-}$ with the index $K^+$ ion. Potassium ion-Cd competition in the acidic soil system may be minimized because of the abundance of hydrogen ions.